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Ernst AugustHead of the House of Hanover

Tenure 9 December 1987 – present

Predecessor Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince ofBrunswick

Heirapparent

Prince Ernst August

Born 26 February 1954 Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany

Spouse Chantal Hochuli(m. 1981; div. 1997) Princess Caroline of Monaco (m. 1999)

Issue Prince Ernst AugustPrince ChristianPrincess Alexandra

Full nameErnst August Albert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar

Berthold Friedrich­Ferdinand Christian­Ludwig[1]

House Hanover

Father Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince ofBrunswick

Mother Princess Ortrud of Schleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Glücksburg

Hanoverian Royal Family

HRH The PrinceHRH The Princess

HRH The Hereditary PrinceHRH Prince ChristianHRH Princess Alexandra

HRH Countess Marie of HochbergHRH Prince Otto HeinrichHRH Princess OlgaHRH The Princess of Leiningen

Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1954)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, Duke ofBrunswick and Lüneburg (Ernst August Albert PaulOtto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich­FerdinandChristian­Ludwig Prinz von Hannover Herzog zuBraunschweig und Lüneburg Königlicher Prinz vonGroßbritannien und Irland;[2][3][4][5] born 26 February1954) is head of the deposed royal House of Hanoverwhich held the thrones of the former Kingdom ofHanover (until 1866) and of the sovereign Duchy ofBrunswick (1913 to 1918).[6] As the husband ofPrincess Caroline of Monaco, he is the brother­in­lawof Albert II, Prince of Monaco. His wealth isestimated at £500 million.[7]

Contents

1 Name and ancestry2 Family3 Controversy4 Health5 Titles, styles, and honours

5.1 Titles and styles5.2 Honours

6 Ancestry7 References8 External links

Name and ancestry

Ernst August was born in Hanover, the eldest sonof Ernst August, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick(1914–1987) and his first wife, Princess Ortrud ofSchleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Glücksburg(1925–1980).[8] He was christened, Ernst AugustAlbert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar BertholdFriedrich­Ferdinand Christian­Ludwig.[1]

As the senior male­line descendant of George Vof Hanover (who was a grandson of George III ofthe United Kingdom) Ernst August is head of theHouse of Hanover, the surviving senior branch ofthe medieval House of Welf which once alsoruled Ferrara and Modena in Italy.[8] The title of

Extended royal family

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HRH Prince Heinrich JuliusHRH Princess Heinrich Julius

HRH Prince AlbertHRH Princess EugeniaHRH Prince Julius

HRH Princess Welf ErnstHRH Princess Saskia

HRH Prince Georg HRH Princess Georg

HRH Princess VeraHRH Princess Nora

HRH Princess Friederike

HRH Princess Caroline­LuiseHRH Princess Mireille

Prince of Great Britain and Ireland wasrecognised ad personam for Ernst August's fatherand his father's siblings by King George V of theUnited Kingdom on 17 June 1914.[9] His fatherwas deprived of that title under George V's letterspatent of 1917, dated 30 November,[10] while thehereditary Dukedom of Cumberland andTeviotdale and the Earldom of Armagh, borne in1917 by his paternal great­grandfather, weresuspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917.However, on 29 August 1931, his grandfatherErnest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, as head ofthe House of Hanover, declared the formalresumption, for himself and his dynasticdescendants, of use of his former British princelytitle as a secondary title of pretense,[6] whichstyle, "Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland",his grandson Ernst August continued to claim.[11]As it was entered into their German passports in1914, the title still continues to be part of theirofficial family name in Germany.

As heir of the last Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh, Ernst August has the rightto petition under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 for the restoration of his ancestors' suspended Britishpeerages, but he has not done so. His father, also called Ernst August, did, however, successfully claimBritish nationality after World War II by virtue of a hitherto overlooked (and since repealed) provision ofthe Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 (Attorney­General v HRH Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover[1957] 1 All ER 49).

Ernst August is also a great­grandson of the last German emperor, Emperor Wilhelm II.[6] His father'ssister was Frederica of Hanover (1917–1981), sometime queen consort of the Hellenes, and he is thus afirst cousin of both ex­King Constantine II and his sister, Queen Sophia, whose husband Juan Carlos Iabdicated his throne in favour of their son, Felipe VI of Spain in 2014. Ernst August's uncle, PrinceGeorge William of Hanover (1915–2006), married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (1914–2001), a sister of the future royal consort Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, evoking in 1946 the onlyknown case of a British monarch, George VI, withholding requested permission for a kinsman'smarriage under the Royal Marriages Act 1772 (on the advice of his Government as a result of World WarII's hostilities).[12] It was held by British officials at the time that the marriage and its issue would not belegitimate in the United Kingdom despite being legal in Germany.[13]

Family

By a 24 August 1981 declaration issued by his father as the Head of House, pursuant to Chapter 3, §§ 3and 5 of the House laws of 1836, Ernst August was authorised to marry dynastically, and did firstlymarry, civilly on 28 August 1981 and religiously on 30 August 1981, Chantal Hochuli (b. 2 June 1955 inZurich), the daughter and heiress of a Swiss real estate developer. They had two sons:

Prince Ernst August Andreas Philipp Constantin Maximilian Rolf Stephan Ludwig Rudolph(born 19 July 1983)Prince Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm­Ernst Friedrich Franz (born 1

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June 1985)

Ernst August and Chantal Hochuli divorced on 23 October 1997.

He married secondly, civilly in Monaco on 23 January 1999, Princess Caroline of Monaco, who was atthe time expecting the birth of their child:

Princess Alexandra Charlotte Ulrike Maryam Virginia (born 20 July 1999)

As he was born in the male line of George II of Great Britain, he sought permission to marry pursuant tothe British Royal Marriages Act 1772, which would not be repealed until the Succession to the CrownAct 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015.[14] On 11 January 1999, Queen Elizabeth II issued a Declarationin Council, "My Lords, I do hereby declare My Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His RoyalHighness Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick­Luneburg and Her SereneHighness Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco..."[15] Without the Royal Assent, the marriagewould have been void in Britain where Ernst August's family owns property and his lawful descendantsremain in succession to both the British crown and the two suspended peerages.[16] Similarly theMonégasque court officially notified the government of France of Caroline's marriage to Ernst August,receiving assurance that there was no objection in compliance with the (since defunct) Franco­Monegasque Treaty of 1918. Moreover, in order for Caroline to retain her claim to the throne of Monacoand to transmit succession rights to future offspring, the couple were also obliged to obtain the approvalof yet a third nation, in the form of official consent to the marriage of Caroline's father, Prince Rainier IIIas the sovereign of Monaco.[4]

Nonetheless, Caroline was a Roman Catholic and Ernst August the heir male of George III when thecouple wed, at which time a provision of the Act of Settlement 1701 stipulated that in the event theBritish crown is to devolve upon an heir married to "a Papist", that heir is permanently disabled fromsucceeding to the throne, which would pass instead to the next Protestant in the order of succession whohad not been married to a Roman Catholic. The Succession to the Throne Act of 2013 likewise repealedthat marital restriction (also embodied in the Bill of Rights 1689), with retroactive effect, as of 26 March2015.[14]

On 28 November 1988, while authorities removed the body of Princess Isabella of Hanover (1962–1988) from the home in Gmunden, northern Austria she had shared with her husband, Ernst August'syounger brother Prince Ludwig Rudolph of Hanover, and investigated the drug strewn scene, LudwigRudolph, distraught over his wife's apparently accidental heroin overdose, placed a call to his brother inLondon, imploring him to take care of the couple's 10­month­old son.[17][18] Then he fled. Hours laterLudwig Rudolph was found dead, apparently a victim of suicide, near his family's hunting lodge severalmiles away, on Lake Traun.[17][17][19] Custody of their infant son Otto Heinrich was eventually awarded,contrary to the expressed wishes of Ludwig Rudolph as the surviving parent and Ernst August's legalefforts, to the child's maternal grandparents, Count Ariprand (1925–1996) and Countess Maria vonThurn und Valsassina­Como­Vercelli (born 1929), to be raised at their family seat, Bleiburg Castle insouthern Austria.[18]

In September 2009 it was reported in the French and English press that Ernst August has been livingseparately from his wife Caroline, who had returned to Monaco.[20]

Controversy

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He was photographed urinating on the Turkish Pavilion at the Expo 2000 event in Hanover, causing adiplomatic incident and a complaint from the Turkish embassy accusing him of insulting the Turkishpeople. He successfully sued those who published (Bild­Zeitung) the photograph for invasion of privacy,obtaining an award of 9,900 euros, although the paper had previously published a photo of Ernst Augusturinating outside a hospital in Austria.[21]

In 2004, he was convicted of aggravated assault and causing grievous bodily harm after supposedlybeating a man with a knuckleduster.[22][23] He has demanded a retrial for the case on the basis of falseevidence. His lawyers have publicly stated that he has never owned a knuckle duster in his life nor heldone in his hand.[23]

Health

On Monday, 3 April 2005, Ernst August was admitted to hospital with acute pancreatitis. The next day,he fell into a deep coma, two days before the death of his father­in­law, Rainier III, Prince of Monaco.On Friday, 8 April 2005, hospital officials reported that he was no longer in a coma but remained inintensive care. A report the same day on BBC World described his condition as "serious but notirreversible." On 9 April 2005, according to a report on BBC, a hospital spokesman reported that ErnstAugust was receiving "permanent medical care." He has since been released and was subsequently seenin public with his wife.

Titles, styles, and honours

Titles and styles

24 February 1954 – 9 December 1987: His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August of Hanover,Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg9 December 1987 – present: His Royal Highness The Prince of Hanover[3][4][24][25]

In Germany, the legal privileges of royalty and nobility were abolished in 1919; thereafter for legalpurposes, hereditary titles form part of the name only.[26]

While descendants of non­dynastic marriages may bear "Prinz/Prinzessin von HannoverHerzog/Herzogin zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg Königlicher Prinz/Prinzessin von Großbritannien undIrland" as surnames, they are not recognised as bearing titles or membership in the House of Hanoveraccording to its house rules.[4][8]

Honours

House of Hanover: Sovereign of the Order of St. George House of Hanover: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order[27][28]

House of Hanover: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Ernst August[29][30]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1954)

16. George V of Hanover

8. Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of

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8. Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince ofHanover

17. Princess Marie of Saxe­Altenburg

4. Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

18. Christian IX of Denmark

9. Princess Thyra of Denmark

19. Princess Louise of Hesse­Kassel

2. Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover,Hereditary Prince of Brunswick

20. Frederick III, German Emperor

10. William II, German Emperor

21. Victoria, Princess Royal

5. Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia

22. Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Augustenburg

11. Princess Augusta Victoria ofSchleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­

Augustenburg

23. Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe­Langenburg

1. Ernst August, Princeof Hanover, Duke ofBrunswick­Lüneburg

24. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Glücksburg

12. Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Glücksburg

25. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse­Kassel

6. Prince Albrecht of Schleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Glücksburg

26. George William, Prince of Schaumburg­Lippe

13. Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg­Lippe

27. Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont

3. Princess Ortrud of Schleswig­Holstein­Sonderburg­Glücksburg

28. Ernst Casimir II, 2nd Prince of Ysenburg andBüdingen

14. Bruno, 3rd Prince of Ysenburg andBüdingen

29. Countess Thekla of Erbach­Fürstenau

7. Princess Hertha of Ysenburg andBüdingen

30. Adolf, Count of Castell­Rüdenhausen

15. Countess Bertha of Castell­Rüdenhausen

31. Baroness Marie von Thüngen

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Patrilineal descent

Patrilineal descent, reckoned from father to son, was the principle of membership in Europe's dynasties,including that of Hanover. Monarchs of the House of Hanover belong patrilineally to the Welf, a branchof the House of Este.

Below is the descent of the heirs male of the House of Hanover concluding with Ernst August, Princeof Hanover according to agnatic primogeniture. For the complete expanded family tree, see List ofmembers of the House of Hanover.

1. Oberto I, 912–9752. Oberto Obizzo, 940–10173. Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan, 970–10294. Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan, d. 10975. Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, 1037–11016. Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, 1074–11267. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, 1108–11398. Henry the Lion, 1129–11959. William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg, 1184–121310. Otto I, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1204–125211. Albert I, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1236–127912. Albert II, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1268–131813. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1304–136914. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1328–137315. Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1362–143416. Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1408–147817. Otto IV, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1439–147118. Heinrich, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1468–153219. Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1497–154620. William, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1535–159221. George, Duke of Brunswick­Lüneburg, 1582–164122. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, 1629–169823. George I of Great Britain, 1660–172724. George II of Great Britain, 1683–176025. Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1707–175126. George III of the United Kingdom, 1738–182027. Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, 1771–185128. George V of Hanover, 1819–187829. Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, 1845–192330. Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, 1887–195331. Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover, 1914–198732. Ernest Augustus V, Prince of Hanover, b. 1954

References1. Debrett's peerage & baronetage 2008, p. 117.2. Royalty Who Wait by Olga S. Opfell, McFarland, 2001, p.42 (http://books.google.com/books?id=9UFveIUgktIC&pg=PR5&dq=royal+House+of+Hanover&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WHzpUcOoDcKvOaSLgTA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=royal%20House%20of%20Hanover&f=false)

3. Prince's Palace of Monaco. Biography: HRH the Princess of Hanover (http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais­princier/english/h.r.h.­the­princess­of­hanover/biography/biography.388.html). retrieved 10 August 2011.

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4. de Badts de Cugnac, Chantal. Coutant de Saisseval, Guy. Le Petit Gotha. Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery,Paris 2002, p. 702 (French) ISBN 2­9507974­3­1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "petit" definedmultiple times with different content (see the help page).

5. In 1919 royalty and nobility lost their privileges as such in Germany, hereditary titles thereafter being legallyretained only as part of the surname, according to Article 109(http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First_Chapter_:_The_Individual) the Weimar Constitution.

6. Almanach de Gotha, Braunschweig­Lüneburg (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1944), pages 38–39, 169 (French)7. "Punchy Prince Ernst August snogs young woman on Thai beach(http://www.austriantimes.at/news/Around_the_World/2010­01­07/19460/Punchy_Prince_Ernst_August_snogs_young_woman_on_Thai_beach)", Austrian Times, 1 July2010.

8. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVIII. "Haus Hannover". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2007,pp. 22–26. ISBN 978­3­7980­0841­0.

9. Heraldica.org. Velde, François Styles of the members of the British royal family:Documents, Children of theduke and duchess of Brunswick (June 17, 1914)(http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/prince_highness_docs.htm#1914)

10. Velde, Second 1917 Letters Patent11. Ernst August (geb.1954) Prinz von Hannover (http://www.welfen.de/each.htm) at welfen.de (German)12. After consultations with the Foreign Office, Home Office and King George VI's private secretary, Sir Alan

Lascelles, a ciphered telegram dated 18 April 1946 and crafted by Sir Albert Napier, permanent secretary tothe Lord Chancellor, was transmitted from the British Foreign Office to the Foreign Adviser to the BritishCommander in Chief at Berlin, "The Duke of Brunswick has formally applied to The King by letter of March22nd for the consent of His Majesty under the Act 12 Geo. III, cap. 11 to the marriage of his son PrinceGeorge William with Princess Sophia Dowager Princess of Hess. The marriage is understood to be takingplace on April 23rd. Please convey to the Duke an informal intimation that in view of the fact that a state ofwar still exists between Great Britain and Germany, His Majesty is advised that the case is not one in which itis practicable for His consent to be given in the manner contemplated by the Act." The National Archives(UK) LCO 2/3371A: Marriage of Prince George William, son of the Duke of Brunswick, with PrincessSophia, Dowager Princess of Hesse. Request for The King's consent(http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/TNA/LCO_2_3371A.htm).

13. Eagleston, Arthur J. The Home Office and the Crown(http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/TNA/HO_45_25238.htm). pp. 9–14. The National Archives (UnitedKingdom)|TNA, HO 45/25238, Royal Marriages.

14. Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website(http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written­questions­answers­statements/written­statement/Commons/2015­03­26/HCWS490/), 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).

15. Queen­in­Council. 11 January 1999. Order­in­Council.16. According to a Home Office memorandum on the matter, "All the descendants of a British prince require the

consent, even if he has become a foreign Sovereign and his family have lived abroad for generations. Thus theHanoverian Royal Family, who are descended from George III's son, the Duke of Cumberland, who succeededto the throne of Hanover on the accession of Queen Victoria, have regularly obtained the King's consent totheir marriages: in 1937 Princess Frederica of Hanover, great­great granddaughter of George III and 3rdcousin once removed of the King, asked his consent to her wedding with the Crown Prince of Greece, Itseems absurd that the King's consent should be obtained for a purely foreign marriage of this kind; one canonly suppose that as the marriage would not be valid in the British Dominions without it, the object is tosecure the position of the issue as Princes or Princesses of Great Britain (which rank is much valued on theContinent) and possibly to retain their place in the line of succession to the British Throne. Obviously theabsence of the Royal Consent required by British law could not affect the validity of a marriage contractedabroad so far as the law of the country of domicile of the parties is concerned. It should be noted here that theAct applies to all marriages in which one of the parties is a descendant of George II, whether contracted inGreat Britain or abroad. See as to this the decision of the House of Lords, given after taking the opinion of theJudges, in the Sussex Peerage case (xi Clark and Finelly, 85 ff.)" Eagleston, Arthur J. "The Home Office andthe Crown". pp. 9–14. The National Archives (United Kingdom)|TNA, HO 45/25238, Royal Marriages.

17. Montgomery Brower and Franz Spelman (9 January 1989). "Death Turns Out the Lights at a Noble Couple'sLast Soiree". People Weekly. Retrieved 21 July 2008.

18. Eilers, Marlene. Queen Victoria's Daughters. Rosvall Royal Books, Falkoping, Sweden, 1997. P.173, note 41.ISBN 91­630­5964­9

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External links

Princely House of Monaco (http://www.palais.mc/monaco/x­net/internet­palais­princier/english/home.577.html)Official site of the House of Welf (in German) (http://www.welfen.de/each.htm)

Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1954)House of Hanover

Cadet branch of the House of WelfBorn: 26 February 1954

Lines of succession

Preceded byInes Gamarra

Line of succession to the British throne descended from Victoria, Princess Royal,

daughter of Queen Victoria

Succeeded by Prince Ernst August of

Hanover

Titles in pretence

Preceded byErnest Augustus IV

— TITULAR — Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale

9 December 1987 – present Reason for succession failure: Titles Deprivation Act 1917

IncumbentHeir:

Prince Ernst August of Hanover

— TITULAR — King of Hanover

9 December 1987 – present Reason for succession failure:

Hanover annexed by Prussia in 1866

— TITULAR — Duke of Brunswick

9 December 1987 – present Reason for succession failure: Duchy abolished in 1918

19. Reuters (31 December 1988). "German Prince Kills Himself After Wife Dies of Overdose". The New YorkTimes. Retrieved 21 July 2008.

20. Allen, Peter Princess Caroline 'to divorce' third husband reigniting fears of Monaco royal curse(http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article­1212713/Princess­Caroline­divorce­time­reigniting­fears­Monaco­royal­curse.html) Daily Mail 12 September 2009

21. Willsher, Kim Royalty reaps riches in strict privacy laws (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=18&art_id=23636&sid=8986373&con_type=3) The Standard, 26 July 2006

22. Jüttner, Julia, "Ernst August's Case Heads to Court – Again(http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,554101,00.htmlPrince)" Spiegel Online, 19 May 2008

23. " Boyes, Roger, "Prince Ernst August demands retrial after knuckleduster claim(http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article3964890.ece)", The Times, 20 May 2008.

24. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article3964890.ece25. Queen­in­Council. 11 January 1999. Order in Council.26. The Reich Constitution of August 11th 1919 (Weimar Constitution) with Modifications, Article 109.

(http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#First%20Chapter%20:%20The%20Individual)27. http://www4.pictures.gi.zimbio.com/Wedding+Danish+Crown+Prince+Frederik+Mary+pRorwcxhepdl.jpg28. http://www3.pictures.gi.zimbio.com/Wedding+Danish+Crown+Prince+Frederik+Mary+JtUoOoTNMOWl.jpg29. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_­

HE1lR1mlb8/SvKW7STM_JI/AAAAAAAABQs/CoJr8lht6iA/s320/caroline_ernst.jpg30. http://www.laverdad.es/alicante/v/20110728/gente/orejas­lobo­20110728.html

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