principle of counselling

8/12/2019 Principle of Counselling

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UTMUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

CHELMI

MUAMAR ROSYADI MANULANG

SATRIADI

PRINCIPLE OFCOUNSELLING


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PRINCIPLE OF COUNSELLING


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EMPATHY

Definition of Empathy

Empathy is a

multidimensional and complex

social phenomenon consisting of

cognitive, affective, and

relational processes (Smith,

2006).


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Carl Rogers introduced

empathy as one of the necessary

conditions of successful

counseling, and humanistic

counseling practice places

empathy as a core value

(Association for Humanistic

Counseling, 2012).


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RELATION EMPATHY BETWEEN

CONSELLING

As a consellor, you must to

build the relationship with the

client through all the skills you

need. Yet all these skills will be

hindered without the use ofempathy.


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Rothschild (Campbell & Simmonds, 2011)

describes empathy as the connective tissue of good

therapy which hones the tools of insight and intuition,

but also points out that the neurological, psychological

and somatic mechanisms of empathy can lead to

compassion fatigue or vicarious traumatisation


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SYMPATHY AND EMPATHY ???


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TRUST

Definition of Trust

Rousseau et al. (1988),

defined trust as a psychological

state that comprises the intention

to accept vulnerability due to

positive expectations about the

intentions or behavior of

another.


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Cook and Wall (1980)

suggested two main factors

of trust : faith in the good

intentions of the other partyand the degree of confidence

in their capabilities and

reliability.


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McAllister (1995), on the other hand, explained the

phenomenon using a cognitive dimension based on

objective reasons to trust someone in certain

circumstances, as well as an emotional dimension,

which is motivated by an interpersonal relationship.


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RELATION TRUST BETWEEN

CONSELLING

Trust in

counseling is achieved through

compassionateand mindful communication that is

relationshipfocused. Trust happen when a counselor

fosters emotional intimacy, letting the client know

that he or she has actually been heard.Thisprocess

creates a positive feedback loop confirming

understanding between counselor with client

(Coulehan, 2009, p. 598).


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CONGRUENCE

Definition of Congruence

According to Lietaer(1993) congruence define asawareness, the ability to be

aware of ones own internalexperience and thetransparency, the willingness

to communicate to the otherperson what is going onwithin.


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According to Gillon (2007) defined congruence :

That the therapist is his actual self during hisencounter with his client. Without facade, he openlyhas the feelings and attitudes that are flowing in him

at the moment. This involves self-awareness; that is,the therapists feeling are available to him to hisawareness and he is able to live them, toexperience them, in the relationship, and to

communicate them if they persist


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RELATION CONGRUENCE

BETWEEN CONSELLING

The condition of therapistcongruence is the leastunderstood of all the coreconditions and has been opento considerable mis-understanding and mis-interpretation over the years.

Being congruent, a counselor seen as a process ofawareness and openness in the moment, escapes theproblem of claiming some greater ontological validityfor certain aspects of self.


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When I am being congruent, as well as being open

to my experience, I am also doing different things atdifferent times depending on the person I am with,the situation and the specific in-therapy context in

which I am being congruent (Wyatt, 2000).

The counselor must be congruent

which involves being aware of :

Feelings of the client

Awareness of client

Expressions of the client


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UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD

Definition of Unconditional Positive Regard

Rogers (Sommers; 2014) defined unconditionalpositive regards as follows:

To the extent that the therapist find himself(herself) experiencing a warm acceptance of eachaspect the clientsexperiencehe is experiencingunconditional positive regards its means thereare no condition of acceptance no feeling of I

like you only if you thus and so.It means a prizingof the person, as Dewey has

used that term. It means a caring for the client as aseparate person


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RELATION UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE

REGARD BETWEEN CONSELLING

Offering unconditional positive regard often relies

on listening and responding non-judgmentally to

whatever a client is experiencing at a given moment.Although this may imply a passive quality,

unconditional positive regard is more active, openly

warm, valuing process (Gillon, 2007).


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For Roger, unconditionalpositive regard was based onan underlying belief that

consistent warmth,acceptance and prizing ofclients were needed tofacilitate client growthtoward their potential. Here,Roger describing howpositive or accepting feeling

toward clients are what allowclients to feel safe enough toexplore their self-doubts,insecurities, and weaknesses.


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NON JUDGEMENTAL

Definition of Non Judgmental

Non Judgmental means

that of, relating to, or

indicating an attitude and

approachthat is openand not

integrating a judgment

whatsoever.


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Carl Rogers strongly believed that each person is

unique, that each person should be responsible for the

conduct and direction of his or her own life, and

especially that one person should not impose beliefs and

values on another. (Don Baucum, 1999)


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RELATION NON JUDGEMENTAL

BETWEEN CONSELLING

The counselor need to provide an environment

in which the client does not feel under threat or

judgment. This enables the client to experienceandaccept more of who they are as a person, and

reconnect with their own values and sense of self-

worth.


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CONFIDENTIALITY

Definition of Confidentiality

Confidentiality is the state of being secret. It is

mainly associated with professions such as law,

medicine, and counseling. Confidentiality ensures

that information is only accessible only to those

authorizedto have access.


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Confidentialityis a central aspect of counseling.

The counseling process depends on the client

feeling sufficiently safe to be able to talk openly and

honestlyabout whatever it is that is botheringthem.

(McLeod & McLeod, 2011)


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RELATION CONFIDENTIALITY

BETWEEN CONSELLING

There are 2 main practical ways in whichcounselors can ensure that confidentiality is dealt within an appropriately ethical manner :

1. Being a counselor involves developing a capacity

to store client information in separate boxes inonesmind, and only to open each of these boxes

when required to do so.

2. The client is informed about the limits ofconfidentiality, then they are in position to decideabout whether or not to disclose certain areas ofinformation.


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VIDEO CONSELLING SESSION


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REFERENCE

Association for Humanistic Counseling. (2012). Humanistic philosophy.Retrieved from http://afhc.camp9.org/Default.aspx?pageld=1242938.

Campbell, A. F., & Simmonds, J. G. (2011). Therapist Perspectives On TheTherapeutic Alliance With Children And Adolescents. Counselling PsychologyQuarterly , 195-209.

Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New Work Attitude Measures Of Trust,Organizational Commitment And Personal Need Nonfulfillment. Journal ofOccupational Psychology, 53, 39-52.

Coulehan, J. (2009). Compassionate Solidarity: Suffering, Poetry, And Medicine.

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 52, 585603.

Don Baucum, P. (1999). Behavioral and Social Science Psychology. New York,United States of America: Barron's Educational Series.
http://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Defaulthttp://afhc.camp9.org/Default


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Gillon, E. (2007). An Introduction To Person-centred Counselling Psychology.London: Sage Publication.

Krischenbaum, H., & Henderson, V. L. (1989). The Carl Rogers Reader.UnitedStates of America.

Lietaer, G. (1993). Authenticity, Congruence and Transparency. In D. Brazier (Ed).Beyond Carl Rogers.London: Constable.

McLeod, J., & McLeod, J. (2011). Counselling Skills; A practical guide forcounsellors and helping professionals(Vol. Second Edition). New York: OpenUniversity Press.

Rousseau, D.M., Sitkin, S.B., Burt, R.S., & Camere, C. (1998). Not so

different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy ofManagement Review, 23(3), 393-404.

Smith, A. (2006). Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in humanbehavior and evolution. The Psychological Record, 56, 3-21.


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Sommers, J. (2014). Clinical Interviewing Fifth Edition.Hoboken: Wiley.

Wyatt, G. (2000). The Multifaceted Nature of Congruence Within the TherapeuticRelationship. The Person Centered Journal .


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