Principles of Disease Control

Principles of Disease Control

Chapter 5Chapter 5

OBJECTIVES

Clarify principles of disease control

1. Avoidance/Exclusioni. Quarantine and Inspectionii. Evasion or avoidance of pathogeniii. Use of pathogen free propagating

material

2. Eradication i. Host eradicationii. Sanitationiii. Crop rotation

3. Protection I. Biological control II. Chemical control

4. Resistant

Principles of Disease ControlPrinciples of Disease Control

To prevent the import and spread of plant pathogens into areas from which they are absent

Quarantine and Inspection Evasion or avoidance of pathogen Use of pathogen free propagating material

AVOIDANCE / EXCLUSION

Regulations controlling the import and export of plants to prevent spread of disease and pest

The Agricultural Pests and Noxious Plants (Import/Export) Regulations 1981

– govern the import of plants, plants products, insects and microorganisms into Malaysia

Each state is responsible for enforcing quarantine regulations to prevent the spread of pests and diseases within the state.

1. Quarantine and Inspection

Inspection of Plants/Insects at Legal Entry Checkpoint.

All planting materials, plant product, insects etc which is prohibited materials subjected to inspection at the entry checkpoint and if found infested or diseases shall be treated, quarantine or destroyed

Air (KLIA, Subang Airport, Senai Airport)Road (JB, Padang Besar, Chanloon, Rantau Panjang)

Grow the plant in the area or environment that unsuitable for the growth of pathogen.

Plant a susceptible crop at a great distance from other fields containing possible disease.

2. Evasion or avoidance of pathogen

Use a pathogen- free seed

Growing the crop in an area thatFree or isolated from the pathogenNot suitable for the vector of the pathogen

3. Use of pathogen free propagating material

To reduce amount of pathogen present in an area, on a plant or on a plant part

Host eradicationSanitationCrop rotation

ERADICATION

Remove or burn all of the infected host plant

Remove alternate host for the pathogen

1. Host eradication

Wash hands before handling certain kinds of plant such as tomato

Frequently disinfesting knives used to cut propagative stock such as potato tubers

2. Sanitation

The practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasonsCrop rotation also seeks to balance the fertility demands of various crops to avoid excessive depletion of soil nutrients

3. Crop rotation

Protect the plant directly from any infection that are likely to arrive.

Biological control Chemical control

PROTECTION

The process to reduce or control the pest level by using another micro-organismUse antagonistic microorganism – microorganism that antagonist to the pathogenThe microorganism will destroy and inhibit the growth of pathogen. Environmentally friendly method.

1. Biological control

Application of chemical compounds that are toxic to the pathogen

Inhibit germination, multiplication and growth of the pathogen.

2. Chemical control

Possessing qualities that hinder the development of a given pathogenUse genetic engineering techniqueInsert the plants with genes that code for production of enzymes or toxin that could interfere pathogen infection.

RESISTANT

Disease Control

Method

Avoidance/Exclusion

Quarantine and Inspection

The Agricultural Pests and Noxious Plants (Import/Export) Regulations 1981

Inspection of Plants/Insects at Legal Entry Checkpoint

Evasion or avoidance of pathogen

Grow plant in area that unfavourable for pathogen and

Grow plant in area away from disease area n in the

Use of pathogen free propagating material

Use a pathogen- free seed

Growing the crop in an area thatFree or isolated from the pathogenNot suitable for the vector of the pathogen

Disease Control

Method

Eradication

Host eradication Remove or burn all of the infected host plant

Remove alternate host for the pathogen

Sanitation Wash hands before handling certain kinds of plant such as tomato

Frequently disinfesting knives used to cut propagative stock such as potato tubers

Crop rotation The practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons

Crop rotation also seeks to balance the fertility demands of various crops to avoid excessive depletion of soil nutrients

Disease Control

Method

Protection Biological control

Use antagonistic microorganism

Chemical control Application of chemical compounds that are toxic to the pathogen

Resistant Possessing qualities that hinder the development of a given pathogen

Use genetic engineering techniqueInsert the plants with genes that code for production of

enzymes or toxin that could interfere pathogen infection.