principles of fumigation (basic) - cts
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All about FumigationTRANSCRIPT
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Principles ofPrinciples of FUMIGATIONFUMIGATION
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BENEFITSBENEFITSto the Clientto the Client
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BenefitsBenefits
1. Penetrates everywhere
2. 99% destruction of target pests
3. Little chemical residue left behind
4. Little inconvenience to the client
5. If carried out correctly, no physical damage inflicted on goods
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Commonly Commonly UsedUsed
FUMIGANTSFUMIGANTS
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1. Methyl bromide CH3Br Buildings, container boxes, commodities
2. Phosphine PH3
Infested tobacco, commodities
3. Hydrogen Cyanide HCN
Used mainly on ships to destroy rats
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Methyl BromideCH3 Br
PhosphinePH3
methyl bromide
phosphine
Molecular StructureMolecular Structure
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1. Carbon Dioxide CO2
2. Nitrogen N2
3. Formaldehyde HCHO
Other FumigantsOther Fumigants
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Nitrogen in a Bubble.Cutting edge fumigation technology
Available only from Rentokil
Bubble + N2
historical items awaiting fumigation in a Singapore museum
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Characteristics Characteristics ofof
FUMIGANTSFUMIGANTS
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Important Parameters of Important Parameters of FumigantsFumigants
Smell
Boiling Point
SG
Flammability
Action against metals
Colour
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Usage Usage of of
FUMIGANTSFUMIGANTS
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Type formulation Packing Quantity Fumigant release
Phostoxin Tablet 3 gm 1 gm
Degesch Plate 117 gm 33 gm
Degesch Strip (117 x 20) gm 33 x 20 gm
Methyl Bromide
(liquid phase)
450 gm cans
35 kg cylinders
450 gm (gaseous
35 kg phase)
Common fumigants are supplied in either solid or liquid form. But the final phase is always gaseous.
FormulationsFormulations
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Fumigant
No. of hours / days holding
Methyl Bromide Normally 24 hrs
Phosphine 5 – 10 days
A quality fumigation requires time to give the best results.
The duration of gas holding depends on the type of fumigant used.
Holding periodsHolding periods
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Measuring Measuring EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
for Fumigatorsfor Fumigators
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Types of InstrumentsTypes of Instruments
There are 2 categories:
1. Those that measure gas leaks.
2. Those that measure gas concentration.
Professional Fumigators use both.
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Fumigant Equipment
Phosphine Riken PH3 Checker
M Bromide Riken Leak Checker
Leak DetectionLeak Detection
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Riken PH3
Checker
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Riken Leak Checker
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Fumigant Equipment
Phosphine + Draeger Pump
M Bromide Kitagawa Pump
Draeger Multiwarn
Riken IF-18
Measuring ConcentrationMeasuring Concentration
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Draeger Pump
Kitagawa Pump
Detection tubes
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Riken IF-18
Draeger Multiwarn
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Fumigant OES (ppm)
Phosphine, Hyd. Cyanide 0
Methyl Bromide 5
Carbon Dioxide 5,000
Occupational Exposure Std (OES)Occupational Exposure Std (OES)(previously called TLV)(previously called TLV)
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Respiratory Respiratory PROTECTIONPROTECTION
EquipmentEquipment(RPE)(RPE)
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Why required ?Why required ?
1. Humans require 40 litres air / minute
2. Toxic effect of fumigants ( when accidentally inhaled ) is felt within minutes / seconds !
3. Law requires all Fumigators to use RPE for their personal protection
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The Full Face The Full Face Mask (FFM)Mask (FFM)
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SBA has 30 minutes of “breathable air” in a cylinder
The Self The Self Breathing Breathing
Apparatus (SBA)Apparatus (SBA)
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Stack Stack FUMIGATIONFUMIGATION
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Stack FumigationStack Fumigation
Sometime or other, many industries will experience a sudden increase in pest insect population.
The quick solution: Stack Fumigation.
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Conditions for Clients to achieve a Conditions for Clients to achieve a successful Stack Fumigationsuccessful Stack Fumigation
A. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Level floor surface
2. Concrete floor surface
3. Height < 6 m ( = 4 pallet height)
4. Goods on pallets
5. 1m free surrounding space
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A. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
6. Protection from rain,
direct sunshine & wind
7. Sufficient space within for gas circulation
8. A stable & safe pallet stacking
configuration
Conditions for Clients to achieve a Conditions for Clients to achieve a successful Stack Fumigationsuccessful Stack Fumigation
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B. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
9. Stack sufficient distance from humans ( Rentokil’s risk assesment )
10. A safe, secure site; with controlled access
Conditions for Clients to achieve a Conditions for Clients to achieve a successful Stack Fumigationsuccessful Stack Fumigation
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FumigatingFumigatingCONTAINERSCONTAINERS
for Exportfor Export
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Types of Container Types of Container boxesboxes
The common box types used are :
20 ft or 40 ft in lengthLength of
Box (ft)
Dimension
(ft)
Volume (m3)
20 20 x 8 x 8.5 32.0
40 40 x 8 x 8.5 64.0
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Why fumigate ?Why fumigate ?
1. Insect pests, rodents can infest container boxes. Spread plant & animal diseases across borders. Harm human health , economies & world trade.
2. Strict National Quarantine Laws, ensure containers are suitably treated before being permitted to enter the destination country e.g. Australia
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Why fumigate at the source Why fumigate at the source country located in Asia ?country located in Asia ?
Cheaper !
Example: Malaysia RM (120 – 180)
Indonesia RM (130 – 150)
Singapore S$ (90 – 110)
Hong Kong HK$ ( 2,000)
UK GBP (200 – 250)
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Container Box
Trailer
Weighing scale
35 kg MB cylinder
Application Line
Danger sign
A Trained Rentokil Fumigator
Preparing a containerPreparing a container
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A Checklist for ExportersA Checklist for ExportersTo make an informed judgement before quoting the cost of a container
fumigation , Exporters must give Rentokil the following information :
1. Nature of the cargo to be fumigated
2. Container box size
3. Is ventilation required upon arrival ?
4. Port of Destination
5. Where is the fumigation site ?
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Ventilating ContainersVentilating Containers2 types of container fumigations – from the viewpoint of ventilation:
Type Ventilation ? Destination
A. No ventilationNo ventilation before loading onto ships( container fumigation-in-transit)
Most countries.
But trend is rapidly changing to Type B.
B. Compulsory ventilationCompulsory ventilation before loading onto ships
1. Singapore
2. Netherlands
3. Upon special customer request
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MB dosage for containers – MB dosage for containers – depends on destination !depends on destination !
Type Dosage Destination
1. 48 gm / m3 1. Australia (excl. Darwin)2. Malaysia + most countries
2. 80 gm / m3 1. New Zealand
2. Malaysia – Khapra beetle in an empty container box
3. 128 gm / m3 1. Only Darwin (Australia)
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Health & SafetyHealth & Safetyinin
FUMIGATIONFUMIGATION
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Objective of H & Safety Objective of H & Safety in Fumigationin Fumigation
1. Protect Fumigator
2. Protect Client’s staff, property, products
3. Comply with local laws
4. Comply with Rentokil’s internal standards & international best practices
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Rentokil manages Fumigation Rentokil manages Fumigation Safety in several waysSafety in several ways
1. Written Risk Assessments (Rentokil)
2. Warning Notices (by Law)
3. Warning Signage (by Law)
4. Training Fumigators (Rentokil + Law)
5. Right equipment (Rentokil)
6. Internal Safety Audits (Rentokil)
:
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Conducting a Written Risk Conducting a Written Risk AssessmentAssessment
a. Site inspection, & assessing on a case-by-case basis.
b. Before job is confirmed.
c. Client cooperation essential.
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1. Require Licensed Fumigator
2. Issuance of Notices prior to commencement of fumigation , clearing gas, keeping records
The LawThe Law HYDROGEN CYANIDE HYDROGEN CYANIDE (Fumigation) ACT, 1953(Fumigation) ACT, 1953
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Using Warning SignsUsing Warning Signs
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Training Fumigators in-houseTraining Fumigators in-house
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Using the Right EquipmentUsing the Right Equipment
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Thank You !