principles of hardness measurement and its applications

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Material Hardness

Softwood (e.g., pine) 1.6

Hardwood 2.67.0

Aluminum 15Copper 35

Mild steel 120

18-8 (304) stainless steel annealed 200

Glass 1550

Hardened tool steel 15001900

Rhenium diboride 4600

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E448Standard Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials E1842Standard Test Method for Macro-Rockwell Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials A833Standard Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers

A623Standard Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements A956Standard Test Method for Equotip Hardness Testing of Steel Products

B277Standard Test Method for Hardness of Electrical Contact Materials

B294Standard Test Method for Hardness Testing of Cemented Carbides

B578Standard Test Method for Microhardness of Electroplated Coatings

B647Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage

B648

Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Barcol Impressor B721Standard Test Method for Microhardness and Case Depth of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts

B724Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Newage Portable Non-Caliper-Type Instrument

B934Standard Test Method for Effective Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Parts UsingMicroindentation Hardness Measurements

C661Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Elastomeric-Type Sealants by Means of a Durometer

C730Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass

C748Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Fine-Grained Graphite Materials

C849Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares

C886Standard Test Method for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Fine-Grained Carbon and Graphite Materials

C1326Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics C1327Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics

D785Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

D1415Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-International Hardness D1474Standard Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings

D2240Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness

D2583Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor

F1957Standard Test Method for Composite Foam Hardness-Durometer Hardness

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^R2B+5:

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2-Brinell

3-Knoop

4-Vickers5-LR/VR)specimen- sample(LR/4!5L#9:;E2@./OY4!1B7KL,K1@"(LR/VR!16+1P2;[W)test piece(!1),VGH!16+1P2;[W

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8-Minor load

9-Major load

10-Scleroscope

11-Leeb12-Shore

13-Meyer Index

14-Mohs

15-Webster

16-Durometer

17-Barcol

18-International Rubber Hardness Degrees


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1- Samuel R. Low, Rockwell Hardness Measurement of Metallic Materials, NISTRecommended Practice Guide, 2001

2- ASM Metals Handbook, Volume 8: Mechanical Testing, 10th ed., ASM International,Materials Park, OH, 1990

3- George E. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, Chapter 9, McGraw-Hill, 19884- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinell_scale5- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_August_Brinell6- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_scale7- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoop_hardness_test8- http://www.worldoftest.com/index.htm

9-LVf"A3;f3/R2%@1/43/4!5:`W",0@)"y;E3;$+%@"=B;_^R1@P12;^,R1Q"80JGY4",0@)78^41375

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principles of hardness measurement and its applications

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