TALK

PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING

Learning requires Active engagementPeople learn in different ways and have different rates of learningLearning is an individual and group process

The Primary Program: a framework for teaching. BC Ministry of Education. 2000

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of LearningAll domains of development are important and interrelated

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009Social, Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, number of kids with motor concerns2

How Young Children LearnAll domains of development are important and interrelated

Body

Heart

Mind

Cant afford to just focus on one, well have a bigger impact if we focus on them all3

Core Competencies in the Draft CurriculumAt the heart of cross-curricular competencies is the principle that education should lead to the development of the whole child intellectually, personally, and socially.

THINKING COMPETENCYo Critical thinkingo Creative thinkingo Reflective thinking

PERSONAL AND SOCIAL COMPETENCYo Positive personal and cultural identityo Personal awareness and responsibilityo Social awareness and responsibility

COMMUNICATION COMPETENCYo Language and symbolsDefining Cross-Curricular Competencies: Transforming Curriculum and Assessment BC Ministry of Education -January 2013New Core Competencies: really do reflect solid Early Learning Pedagogy4Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences

New knowledge builds on previous knowledge

5Predictable Sequence of Writing: Learning and DevelopmentExplorationEarlyPre-ConventionalPre-ConventionalEmergentDevelopingBeginningScribbles

MarksDrawing &

Pretend-WritingDrawing &

Random lettersDrawing &

Using Letter-Sound relationships

Attempts @ wordsMeaning

Words

Spaces

Topic developed (list)

Simple sentences

Some conventionsDoes not mean kids proceed lock step,

Not that they spend equal amounts of time in the phases

But not fair to expect huge leaps

New Knowledge builds on previous knowledge

6Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual children

7I once heard Marie Clay say that we must teach to childrens strengths, not to their weaknesses, if we want to succeed.

Anne McGill-Franzen Kindergarten Literacy

We can use a learners strengths to accomplish great things8Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelated

9Development and learning are NOT two parallel processes. Early biological underpinnings enable certain types of interaction, and through various environmental supports from caregivers and other cultural and social supports, a childs experiences for learning are expanded. Learning is promoted and regulated both by childrens biology and ecology, and learning produces development. National Research Council 1999, p. 100We cannot afford to wait around for a child to reach some magic developmental milestone

Neither can we realistically expect learning to occur when it is well beyond a childs current level of development

Partner sharing, How does the interconnectedness of development and learning affect our teaching10

LEARNING

DEVELOPMENT

11Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods

Language learning in first language influences language learning in additional languages

12Vision01237654HighLowYearsHabitual ways of respondingEmotional controlSymbolPeer social skillsNumbersHearingSensitivityGraph developed by Council for Early Child Development (ref: Nash, 1997; Early Years Study, 1999; Shonkoff, 2000.) LanguageSensitive periods in early brain developmentKindergartenKEY MESSAGESThis slide shows trajectories of sensitivity for different aspects of childrens brain developmentPeriods of high sensitivity in all aspects peak during the first three years of lifeSensitivity to Peer Social skills development rises rapidly between age 1 and 2 and then begins to drop off at age 3Reflects a time when toddlers are building relationships with others and discovering the world outside of their family unit

13Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities

Language is a great example

14Emerging Student: requires direct support

The teacher as

The Model

showing, instructing, explaining, directing, making explicit, demonstrating, giving examples

Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning ChildEmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending TeacherModelCoachAdvisorMentor

Bar across the top 15Developing Student: requires guided support

The teacher as

The Coach

showing, instructing, explaining, directing, making explicit, demonstrating, giving examples

Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning ChildEmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending TeacherModelCoachAdvisorMentor

Applying Student: requires minimal support

The teacher as

The Advisor

Suggesting, reminding, prompting, monitoring, asking for elaboration

Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning ChildEmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending TeacherModelCoachAdvisorMentorTwo steps along before we get to reminding17Extending Student: Achieved independence

The teacher as The Mentor

Extending, stretching, wondering aloud, exploring, what if-ing

Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning ChildEmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending TeacherModelCoachAdvisorMentorEarly Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers

19Adult-Child Relationships Enable LearningTeachers:Maintain safe and secure environment

Respond with love and attention to young children

Foster a sense of belonging and self-worth each childPhotoCredit: David Niblack Imagebase.net20Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peersDevelopment and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts

We all live and work in multiple social and cultural contexts

Meet in the classroom which is not neutral but an additional mini society and culture that we co-create with our students

21Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peersDevelopment and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contextsChildren learn in different ways

Children learn in different ways

22Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peersDevelopment and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contextsChildren learn in different ways10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competence

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Why Play Based, Exploration and Inquiry?MotivationNaturally DifferentiatedDevelops confidenceMeaning filled Allows for repetition and consolidationImagination and CreativityOpportunities for Self-Regulation

Play is not when we just leave kids alone24Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peersDevelopment and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contextsChildren learn in different ways10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competenceGrowth occurs when children are challenged to achieve just beyond their current level of mastery.Social, Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, number of kids with motor concernsNew knowledge builds on previous knowledgeLearning occurs and different rates between kids but also within individual childrenOne leads to the otherLanguage learning in first language influences language learning in additional languagesLanguage is a great example Children learn in different ways

25 Learning occurs in a social context.zones illustrate how people can stretch beyond their individual capabilities toward more mature cognitive functioning when they learn through social interactions. (Vygotsky, 1978) p. 46, Primary Program

The ChildActual Development (Piaget)Zone of Proximal DevelopmentFrustration LevelLearning Zones

Presentation Notes11/20/2013Early Learning Project26Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peersDevelopment and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contextsChildren learn in different ways10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competenceGrowth occurs when children are challenged to achieve just beyond their current level of mastery.Childrens experiences shape their motivation and approaches to learning (persistence, initiative, flexibility) Those in turn affect their current learning and developmentSocial, Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, number of kids with motor concernsNew knowledge builds on previous knowledgeLearning occurs and different rates between kids but also within individual childrenOne leads to the otherLanguage learning in first language influences language learning in additional languagesLanguage is a great example Children learn in different ways

27Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009All domains of development are important and interrelatedMany aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequencesLearning occurs at different rates between and within individual childrenDevelopment and learning are interrelatedEarly experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periodsDevelopment proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacitiesChildren develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peersDevelopment and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contextsChildren learn in different ways10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competenceGrowth occurs when children are challenged to achieve just beyond their current level of mastery.Childrens experiences shape their motivation and approaches to learning (persistence, initiative, flexibility) Those in turn affect their current learning and developmentSocial, Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, number of kids with motor concernsNew knowledge builds on previous knowledgeLearning occurs and different rates between kids but also within individual childrenOne leads to the otherLanguage learning in first language influences language learning in additional languagesLanguage is a great example Children learn in different ways

28What is Developmentally Appropriate? A teachers moment-by-moment actions and interactions with children are the most powerful determinant of learning outcomes and development. Curriculum is very important, but what the teacher does is paramount. Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009Photo Credit: by Thoursie from sxc.hu

Moment by moment interactions with each child29What is Developmentally Appropriate? Developmentally appropriate practice requires both meeting children where they arewhich means that teachers must get to know them welland enabling them to reach goals that are both challenging and achievable. Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009Moment by moment interactions with each child30What is Developmentally Appropriate? All teaching practices should be appropriate to childrens age and developmental status, attuned to them as unique individuals, and responsive to the social and cultural contexts in which they live.Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009Moment by moment interactions with each child31What is Developmentally Appropriate for Students requiring extra attention:

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009Teachers take care not to place these children under added pressure. Such pressure can make school a frustrating and discouraging experience, rather than an opportunity to enjoy and succeed at learning.

To enable these children to make optimal progress, teachers are highly intentional in use of time, and they focus on key skills and abilities through highly engaging experiences.

Recognizing the self-regulatory, linguistic, cognitive, and social benefits that high-quality play affords, teachers do not reduce play opportunities that these children critically need. Instead, teachers scaffold and model aspects of rich, mature play.

32Kindergarten Children Learn Best When..Activities:are play based, involving exploration and inquiryare hands-on and engage all their sensesare developmentally and culturally appropriateEnvironmentsprovide for their social-emotional, intellectual, aesthetic, artistic, and physical development, and growth in social responsibilityAdultswork together to support them -teachers, families, school and community members- FDK Guide

FDK Environments and ELL Support1. To Take advantage of the linguistically rich and nurturant classroom environment.

2. To Work collaboratively to contribute to richness.Tremendous opportunityIntegrated learning, connected learning,

photo credit: US Department of Education via photopin