principles of teaching

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 1.1Student Activity # 1

On the Learner Every child is a potential genius.

For elaborate learning If you were to give a symbol for each intelligence and learning style, what

would you give? Explain each of your symbols

A painting material has become mysymbol for Visual-Spatial Intelligencebecause most individuals who possess it canvisualize or imagine vividly, appreciatecolors, good at directions and excels inremembering pictures.

The best traits of a picture smartindividual are drawing, painting, readingmaps and the use of computer-aidedmaterials to create graphic designs andmultimedia projects.

Mirrors best suit as an example ofIntrapersonal Intelligence thats why Ichoose it. Such kind of people who areintrovert are comfortable with themselves.Has sense of their own strengths andweaknesses, spends time thinking andreflecting and enjoys analyzing theories andideas.

Their learning styles are unique thatthey prefer on working alone (independent)and likes learning about self.


On the teacher Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself. Chinese proverb

Describe the professional teacher by means of writing a song or verses.

Think for a moment about your favorite teacher then enumerate what made theteacher so special that even years after leaving elementary and high school you canstill remember the teachers name. Separate the personal attributes and professionalcharacteristics that you still remember in 2 columns.

PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES

My favorite teacher is:

Physically healthy and superb personalhygiene

She is morally honest and has thegenuine capacity for sympathy and

trust.

Very supportive and cheerful teacher,and extremely generous. The best!

Has a caring attitude but as an elite,she knows how to balance it without

crossing the line.

Excellent communicator.I idolized her for being a good

speaker. The higher-ups of the school

usually asks her to be the emcee in

most of the very important events at

school.

Very good sense of humor.

My favorite teacher is:

Very concerned and committed in herprofession and tasks.

Uses a variety of media in her lessons(technological advances).

Has intense planning and organizationon her work.

Has the capacity to motivate studentsand very enthusiastic with her line of

expertise.

Shows consistent performance acrossall professional areas.

Systematic, resourceful, determinedand hardworking.

Confident about her job but notarrogant.

Has the sense of worth andprofessionalism.


On the Learning EnvironmentTo heredity, the child owes his possibilities.

However, to environment, he owes the realizations of these possibilities.

Draw or sketch the desirable learning environment conducive to effective teachingand learning. Describe in 1 or 2 paragraphs your above drawing or sketch.

The sketch above shows the desirable learning environment conducive toeffective teaching and learning. A school that is enough to cater learners with allthe necessary equipment and a kind of environment where pupils can freely playduring vacant time. Also, during class hours, teachers with a good personal andprofessional characteristics are able to teach the pupils effectively that would helpthem gain more knowledge about the subject matter and enhance their creativity.

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING 1.1

Student Activity # 4

On Principles of Learning

The ability to learn is the most significant activity of man.The process of learning is primarily controlled by the learner and not by the teacher.

Choose 2 of the 9 principles of learning and explain in your own words.

Learning is an active process -

As children participate meaningfully in their own learning they engage in aprocess in which they can begin from what they already know, explore possibilities,question, draw conclusions and reflect on outcomes. It is essential that children aregiven the opportunity to progress through the various stages of the process in orderthat they can make sense of the learning for themselves and make new connections.Learning by Doing.

Learning is a consequence of experience

Children learn to transfer the learning to situations they may encounter intheir everyday lives and to the decisions and choices that they make. Activeparticipation in learning is therefore significant in helping children to acquire healthrelated messages and to put these into practice in their own lives. Similarly, as theylearn the meaning of responsible citizenship they are encouraged to take steps tobecome active participants in their own communities.


On Selection and use of Teaching Strategies

Draw the following graphic organizers, and explain each briefly.A. DESCRIPTIVE PATTERN ORGANIZER B. TIME SEQUENCE PATTERN

ORGANIZER

C. CONCEPT PATTERN ORGANIZER D. CAUSE-EFFECT PATTERN FORNEGOTIATION

IDEA

IDEAIDEA

IDEA

MAIN IDEA

[ CAUSE ]

EFFECT

EFFECT

EFFECT

EFFECT

CONCEPT

Characteristics Characteristics

CharacteristicsExample Example

Example Example

Example Example

Example

Teach andintroduce new

skill

Improveaccuracy of the

new skill

Practice newskill

Increaseaccuracy of the

new skill

Master newskill



On Classroom Management and DisciplineClassroom management is not teaching; it is a necessary condition to teaching.

Answer the following:1. How to prevent disciplinary problems?

There are two main strategies teachers need to maintain order in class. One isa proactive approach to discipline. These are things you can do before an issueflares up in your class. The second strategy is reactive. These are appropriateresponses and plans teachers use after a bad behavior has emerged in class. Thekey to engaging students I learning from the moment the bell rings is excellent andcomprehensive preparation for the class.

So as a teacher: She should over-plan the day and leave no time for distraction Start off right and stay on task for the entire class period/school day She must help students become effective problem solvers implementing

group-oriented methodologies such as: cooperative learning approach,team learning, peer tutoring and group projects.

Patience, compassion, concern and caring attitude, and respect and trustform others must be embolden to the teachers personal attributes. Shemustnt give empty threats.

Consistency and fairness are essential. She should teach self-disciplineand avoid showing unusual closeness or favoritism, and biased treatmentfor some. She should treat all equally well.

Classroom rules and the use of assessment tools and evaluationtechniques should be easy to understand and manageable for thestudents.

2. What are the ways of dealing with discipline problems?

To deal with discipline problems, a teacher must: Begin each class period with a positive attitude and high expectations. Watch your students as they come into class. Recognize the warning signs of disruption and use nonverbal gestures to

dissuade them from mischiefs. Use verbal reinforce that encourage good behavior and discourage bad

tendencies. Try to use humor to diffuse situations before things get out of hand. Award merits for good behavior and demerits for inconsistences and

lapses. Give students the freedom to express or explain agitated feelings and

misgivings rather than censure them right away.



On Methods of Teaching

Applying the concepts about methods learned; answer the following in your ownunderstanding.

1. How can you evaluate or assess the method you employ or use?

The self-evaluation is often effective when teamed up with a performancereview. The teacher is asked to judge his own performance. One of the benefitsof a self-evaluation is that a teacher can compare the self-evaluation to thestudent's own appraisal and see the areas where there is a discrepancy in anunderstanding of teacher performance. A checklist evaluation method issimplistic but effective. It consists of a series of performance questions that aretraditionally given the option of yes or no.

2. When do you consider yourself actually teaching the days lesson?Prove your answer.

Good teachers share one special quality.You are actually teaching when: You will be able to control your class better and gain more respect from

them; You are giving a variety of interesting topics and activities that they

would become more motivated and interested during the classdiscussion; and

You have explained exactly what they are expected to learn in aparticular lesson.

3. From your own daily experience, why is well-planned methodimportant?

The priority is learning. As a teacher, you have to be well-versed andwell-planned for each one of your lessons. You have to be able to over prepare,meaning that you have enough material to last longer than the designated timeallotment. Sometimes your lessons are real quick and you finish way beforeyou expected to. Other times, the students have a difficult time with your lessonso you need to slow it down, review, or even revise your lesson in mid-stream.There is nothing better than a teacher who wants and loves to teach and looksforward to going to school each and every single day. There is a problem,however, if a teacher doesn't love her work or hates going to school.



On MotivationOne of the greatest challenges the teachers face today is

how to motivate students to learn.

1. Briefly show how you motivate the students in your class:a. Before starting the lesson

First, spread excitement like a virus before starting your lesson. A catchytrivia that relates to what you are going to teach will do before explaining theconcept to the students.

b. At the start of the presentation of the lessonBy using a variety of teaching methods that cater to all types of learners,

you must show enthusiasm with your subject matter, help students grasp it(ex. Volunteer information) and make your lesson presentationunconventionally yet fun.

c. During the lesson properAnything is important. During the lesson proper, make an effort to gain

their trust and do anything to motivate them so that they will willingly decideyoure worth listening to. Make sure you are teaching to all the learning stylesin your classrooms. With this, students will likely to engage in learning whenthey see value in what they are learning.

d. At the completion of the lessonCompetition is a great way to motivate students. Take actions on what

you have just discussed. Assess if they have learned what you wereteaching by providing the students examples, a group activity or even a shortquiz. Lastly, dont forget to praise students in ways big or small.

2. Why motivation is an integral part of teaching method?The thing about students is that they are exposed to so many different

people acting as 'teachers' in their lives. Motivation is an integral part ofteaching method in order to devise daily lesson plans, as well as course-wide objectives, that encourage students to think critically whatever activityis going on in the classroom.



On the Techniques of Questioning

1. Interview an elementary grade teacher. Ask what kind of questionshe/she ask more often and why. State the subject and grade level.

Subject: EnglishGrade Level: K4

The kind of questions that the teacher usually asks are question thatincreases attainment, enhances retention and encourages participation to thestudents. The use of appropriate verbs from the Blooms taxonomy of thecognitive domain are also used using a mix of different types of questionswhether open or closed questions, and yes or no questions with anadditional question. Sometimes, she also asks leading questions which helpstudents follow the course goals.

2. Write 10 divergent questions. Was it easy to prepare?A divergent question is a question with no specific answer, but rather

exercises one's ability to think broadly about a certain topic.Example of divergent questions are:

1. Can you imagine the world without happiness, what would it feels like?2. Suppose you are an astronaut, would also walk to moon like what

Armstrong did?3. What predictions can you make regarding the pork barrel issue today?4. Would the Pyramid of Giza exist if the Pharaoh has not died?5. How might the life in the year 2050 differ from today?6. If Dinosaurs exist today, would you play with them?7. If your friends steal money from your classmate, would you also do it?8. Would you believe that Albert Einstein is the smartest scientist of all

time? Why?9. Are you in favor of the independence to be granted to the MNLF?

Explain your view.10. Do you believe that your ancestors are monkeys according to Charles

Darwin?

3. Why should we allow a 1-minute wait-time for the learners toanswer questions?

Before questioning a student, the teacher must pose the question firstbefore identifying someone to respond so that they will be prepared to answerevery question.

It is important to allow plenty of think time before expecting studentsto respond so that students will not find it uncomfortable or hard to answer thequestion. An extended wait time help students to use the time to write down orto think thoroughly the answers they have composed.


On Individualized Teaching Methods

1. Distinguish Writing Journals from Narratives

Journal refers to a daily record of happenings, as a diary, whilenarratives are an orderly account of a series of events presented to areader or listener in a sequence of written or spoken words, or in asequence of (moving) pictures.

2. Briefly explain why independent study is already part of the K to 12Enriched Basic Education Curriculum Program?

Many children simply cannot get the individually focused andflexible learning they need in a traditional classroom. Parents andeducators who choose K understand the great potential of anindividualized education. This Individualized Learning Plan is designedfor each child to ensure a customized program that fits each childsunique strengths, weaknesses, learning styles and aptitudes. It enablesindividualized learning to happen anytime, anywhere. The school itselfprovides daily lesson plans that automatically update as the childprogresses, as well as delivering announcements, online schooldiscussions, and communication and support tools to tie the experiencetogether.

3. Suggest at least 5 topics for a Specialist to talk in your class.

1. Symposium on Drug Abuse and Alcohol Consumption2. Health and Nutrition3. National Career Development4. Disaster Preparedness Symposium and Earthquake Drill5. Student Engagement in Community Service


On Group-Based Teaching Methods

1. What is Cooperative Learning? Give its Instructional Characteristics.Cooperative learning refers to a set of instructional strategies which include

cooperative student-student interaction over subject matter as an integral part of theprocess. It provides the opportunity for students to learn academic skills and careabout the feelings and needs of others in their groups.

The five key elements which define characteristics of cooperative learning:1. Team formation students of different abilities, mixed ethnicity and gender.2. Positive interdependence the gain of one student is associated with gains

for other students; team has same goal; positive interdependence can takeseveral different forms.

3. Individual accountability contributes to academic gains; contribution ofeach individual is made known to the team; can take several forms: rewardaccountability (i.e. team grade based on individual test scores), taskaccountability (i.e. each student accountable to group for her portion of theproject).

4. Social skills are developed and practice based on the structures used;students can learn how to listen to each other, resolve conflicts, set and reviseagendas, keep on task, and encourage each other; time devoted to reviewgroup process which can be done individually and as a team, i.e. did we helpeach other? Did we ask for help if we needed it? Did we all participate?

5. Structuring and structure a critical component; task structures are createdwhen no one individual can complete the learning task alone (e.g. think-pair-share, jigsaw, round robin paraphrasing, group products); reward structuresare created by making grades dependent on each other (e.g. team scores area sum of the improvement scores of individuals).

2. Define Field Studies as a Teaching Methodology; enumerate itsInstructional Characteristics and limitation.

It is one of the outdoor education methods which, according to Watts, arerooted in fields such as philosophy, epistemology and naturalism focusing on theenvironment as a learning field.

5 HISTORICAL SITES 5 LEARNINGCENTERS 5 NATURE VISITS

1. Monuments2. Museums3. Antique Stores4. Old Buildings5. Preserved Heritage

Sites

1. Library2. Computer laboratory3. Science laboratory4. School parks5. Audio-visual Rooms

1. Zoos2. Seaside3. Wetlands4. Wildlife Areas5. National Parks


On Instructional Devices

DESCRIBE WHAT ARE TECHNOLOGY-AIDED STRATEGIES?

Technology-aided strategies are aimed at providing valuable experiencesthrough instructional devices that can be viewed and heard. The use ofTechnology in Education to improve the teaching efficacy. There is a growingawareness amongst the teacher community about the effective use of technologyas a pedagogical tool to enhance classroom instruction and student engagement.

TYPES OF AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA

A. Print materials such as: Instructional Materials Library Books Reference Books

B. Models, miniatures and mock-ups such as: 3D replica of objects Real objects Graphs, chart and maps Miniatures

C. Bulletin Boards andChalkboards

D. Projected still pictures Slides and filmstrips Overhead Transparencies Opaque Projections

E. Audio-video Media Radio and DVDs Tape Recorders

F. Television SetG. ComputersH. Laboratory Apparatus

ENUMERATE ALL THETECHNOLOGICAL DEVICES

AVAILABLE IN YOUR SCHOOL.

ProjectorsDesktop Computers

CamerasTelevision Set

Microscopes and other laboratoryparaphernalia

ARE THEY MAXIMALLY USED?HOW ARE THEY PROTECTED?

They are rarely used to the collegestudents and it depends on the teachersif they would use these technologicaldevices.

A4.pdfPRINCIPLES OF TEACHING final.pdf