printable photovoltaics at csem giovanni nisato · 2014. 10. 2. · • printable photovoltaics •...

Printable photovoltaics at CSEM Giovanni Nisato

Lausanne, 11.04.2014

Copyright 2014 CSEM | Swissolar- OPV Activity at CSEM| GNo|

CSEM at a glance

Our mission Development and transfer of microtechnologies to the industrial sector – in Switzerland, as a priority – in order to reinforce its competitive advantage

• Cooperation agreements with established companies

• Creation of start-ups


Federal contributions

30%

Cantons 11%

CTI 15%

EU projects 12%

Other public projects

4%

Industrial income

28%

CSEM at a glance

• Incorporated, not-for-profit Research and Technology Organization (RTO), supported by the Swiss Government

• A public-private partnership

• 31 % public

• 69 % private

• Key figures (2012)

• Revenues ~ CHF 70.0 mio

• Employees ~ 400


Research

Development and integration of technologies

Transfer to industry

Production and commercialization

CSEM’s positioning

European Allies EMPA, PSI

EPFL, ETHZ Universities

Industrial partners Spin-off, Start-ups


CSEM technology programs

• MEMS

• Surface engineering

• Systems

• Ultra-low-power integrated systems

• Photovoltaics


CSEM Photovoltaics Program

• Printable photovoltaics

• Thin-film coatings and devices

• Crystalline silicon and metallization

• PV modules and system integration


Closer to industry …


Printable photovoltaics @ CSEM

Copyright 2013 | CSEM Scientific Advisory Board Meeting | G. Nisato |

• Solution processed (organic, hybrid) photovoltaics

• Single & multijunction cells,modules

• Printable ITO-free electrodes

• Light management, in-coupling

• Metrology; lifetime, efficiency & mechanical


Printable electronic Facilities / CSEM include:

• Class 10k clean room

• Micro litho & nano structuring

• Dr-Blading

• Slot-Die coater

• Inkjet-printing

• Gravure printing

• Screen printing

• Solar simulator / light soaking

• Environmental climate chambers

• Mechanical testing (flex modules)

• Calcium-test


Example of Project - Sunflower: objectives

• Solution process – compatible with mass production

• Expected, based on accelerated tests

• At volume project volume production


Solution processing , economic & environmental sustainability

• Roll-to-roll atmospheric printing processes: cost control and environmental impact (kgCO2)

• High module energy efficiency: new materials and Multilayer structure

• Cost effective diffusion barriers foils

• Avoid “rare” inorganic components (In, Te, Cd …)

• Qualify and quantify Environmental sustainability


Example of results: tandem modules

• Blade-coated solar tandem mini-module

Offermans et al. (LOPE-C 2013)


Example of results: tandem cell

Jsc (mA/cm2) Voc (V) FF (%) PCE (%)

Tandem 8.56 1.31 64.8 7.2

• Blade-coated solar tandem cell

• Active area: 1 cm2 (masked)

• PCE: 7.22%

2”


Example of results: environmental impact & ecotox

• Ecotox: OPV end-of-life leachates in water

• Inorganics: no impact at predicted environmental concentrations

• Organics: under study, PCBM un-detected so far

• Materials in OPV stack - environmental impact

• Low, comparable to PET

• Preliminary estimation of energy pay back time (EPBT)

• OPV: currently best payback times of benchmarked PV techs

Zimmermann YS et al. (2013) Environ. Sci. & Technol. (47): 13151-13159


Examples of products /exploitation

SL1 specifications: similar to facade installations requirements


Thanks for funding and support from projects & partners

Thank you for your attention and follow us on

www.csem.ch


Thanks to the team


CSEM - Printed Electronics - EU Projects & activities

SUNFLOWER ( Photovoltaics - coordination )

POLARIC (R2R electronics)

PHOTO-FET ( biosensors)

FLEXNET (Flexible electronics)

Flex-O-Fab (IP - OLED)

COLAE ( commercialize– printed electronics)

• OE-A: CSEM leads the Working Group encapsulation

• OE-A: CSEM coordinates the OPV roadmap


CSEM Related OE-A activities

• OE-A : world class, organic and printed electronics industry-drive association

• CSEM: member of the founding group Organic Electronic Energy (2013)

• CSEM: coordinates the OPV roadmapping group since 2011

• White papers

• CSEM : Coordination of the Working group Encapsulation

• E.g. : inter-lab comparison of state-of-the art water vapour metrology

(Ca- test)

http://www.coruna.ch/�


• OPV & production: large of industrial presence in the consortium ensures enhanced competiveness for the entire supply chain represented in SUNFLOWER.

• Materials: active polymers/nano-inks, UV stable substrates & barrier materials. Large part of OPV value chain resides in Europe-based materials suppliers

• Enabling tools: standards and testing methodology, environmental & sustainability analysis, simulation software, metrology equipment.

Innovation impact


• Simulations of light management structures

• Realization of test devices,

• Example (rigid OPV test cells): efficiency is improved from 3.6% to 4.2%

Light management structures

Optical Simulation

-0.2-0.1

00.1

0.2

-0.2-0.1

00.1

0.2

00.050.1

x2x3

x 1

PET


Development of hardware tooling

Roll up/down bend tester

Optical and electrical Ca test

Time

Cyclic bend tester

• Mechanical stress tester for barriers and substrates

• Metrology for quantification of water vapour permeation through barriers and encapsulants


OPV - Deposition techniques

Spin-coating

Inkjet-printing

Gravure printing

Screen printing

Dr-Blading

Dip-coating

Pixdro LP50 Multi-nozzle, Sinlge nozzle Ink jet Printers

Labratester-II Gravure Printer Dr. Blade Coater

nTact nRad Slot-die Coater


Printable conductors for OPV modules

Ink-jet printed OPV electrode

Screen-printed OPV electrodes


OPV cells and modules

Ink jet printed cell 4% eff.

ITO free OPV cell - Printed Ag grid

Blade coated, fully encapsulated module - (8V output, current not optimized)


Combinatorial material testing for OPVs

• Robotic system enables systematic variation of key parameters (e.g. blend concentration, thickness, annealing temperature, mixing ratio)

• Automated detection platform to extract key device parameters (e.g. electroluminescence, efficiency)

Y% B X% A

Material C Mixing

Polymer blend

B C A

Individual components

matrix of substrates

http://www.techlab.de/produkte/zub-start.php?details=Vials�


Printing process development Tandem module

Tandem cell stack

Blade coated

• First working tandem modules fabricated by blade coating

Tandem module Selected HBG and LBG polymers


Printing process development Tandem module

Additive blade coating Layer patterning Deposition of top electrode

Demonstrator LOPE-C 2013 Achieved using Sunflower materials


OPV Cells – current status

• Efficiency 2 to 6% • Efficiency > 5%

HBG: PC60BM

By blade coating 1 cm2 active area

ETL

Thank you for your attention and follow us on

www.csem.ch

printable photovoltaics at csem giovanni nisato · 2014. 10. 2. · • printable photovoltaics •...

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