prison population management john baldwin director iowa department of corrections
TRANSCRIPT
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Prison Population Management
John BaldwinJohn Baldwin
DirectorDirector
Iowa Department of CorrectionsIowa Department of Corrections
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What factors have the greatest What factors have the greatest impact on the size of the prison impact on the size of the prison population?population?
The Economy?
Crime Rates?
Unemployment?
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What factors have the greatest What factors have the greatest impact on the size of the prison impact on the size of the prison population?population?
Sentencing Policies
Corrections Practices
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Iowa: How we cleaned up Iowa: How we cleaned up our mess…our mess…
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……and brought our prison and brought our prison population under controlpopulation under control
Iowa's Prison Population
8,000
8,200
8,400
8,600
8,800
9,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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Rated every state-funded intervention in CBCs and prisons on EBP principles
Some programs eliminated; others improved
47% of CBC interventions are now Promising or Excellent (up from 26%)
TPC Model:TPC Model:Use effective interventions onlyUse effective interventions only
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% of Offenders with Substance Abuse Need Released from Prison Without Treatment
35.1%
3.3%2.0%
59.6%
SA Need/No CBC Tx
SA Need/Successful Tx
SA Need/Unsuccessful Tx
SA Need/Other Tx Completion
Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Are we meeting needs?Are we meeting needs?
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Chart 6: New Conviction Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/No Treatment by Location
-15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%
PCD
IFI
Project TEA @ JBU
Luster Heights SAP
STAR
New Frontiers
Violator's Program - Regular @ CRC
SAT/Criminality
Journey
TOW @ CCF
TC
TOW @ CCFL
Project TEA @ FM3
WINGS
SAP @ MPCF
ALTA
Violator's Program-Regular @ ICIW
Extent of Recidivism Reduction Recidivism Increase
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Total Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/No Treatment by Intervention
-20.0% -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%
IFI
STAR
PCD
Luster Heights SAP
Project TEA @ FM3
SAT/Criminality
Project TEA @ JBU
Journey
SAP @ MPCF
TOW @ CCFL
WINGS
Violator's Program - Regular @ CRC
TOW @ CCF
ALTA
New Frontiers
TC
Violator's Program-Regular @ ICIW
Extent of Recidivism Reduction Recidivism Increase
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Additional community support lowers rate of new conviction.CBC SupervisionSubstance abuse treatment/aftercare in CBC
But only 14.2% released to CBC receive additional substance abuse interventions.
Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Community aftercare is key.Community aftercare is key.
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CBC Substance Abuse Tx:CBC Substance Abuse Tx:Are our programs effective?Are our programs effective?
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Total Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/ No Treatment by District
(Higher Risk Offenders Only)
Statewide
8JD
7JD
6JD
5JD
4JD
3JD
2JD
1JD
-40.0% -35.0% -30.0% -25.0% -20.0% -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0%
Extent of Recidivism Reduction
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CBC Substance Abuse Tx:CBC Substance Abuse Tx:Effective for which offenders?Effective for which offenders?
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Substance Abuse Inpatient/ Residential TreatmentNew Conviction Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful
Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/ No Treatment by LSI-R Risk Category (Higher Risk Offenders Only)
Statewide
Low/Moderate
Moderate
Moderate/High
High
-40% -35% -30% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0%
Extent of Recidivism Reduction
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TPC Model:TPC Model:Risk reduction is main focusRisk reduction is main focus
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Return Rate to Prison
Releasees in FY2000, FY2004 & FY2007
32.0%
33.0%
25.4%
33.9%
34.2%
32.5%
32.4%
32.9%
27.8%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%
Overall
Males
Females
% Returned Within 3 Years of Release
FY2000FY2004FY2007
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Risk Reduction Risk Reduction ForFor African-American OffendersAfrican-American Offenders
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Return Rate to Prison: New ConvictionReleasees in FY2000, FY2004 & FY2007
16.1%
20.8%
13.1%
18.8%
22.1%
17.6%
17.6%
15.5%
21.9%
28.9%
18.2%
19.5%
17.9%
23.8%
25.6%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%
Asian
Native American
Hispanic (Any Race)
White Non-Hispanic
Black Non-Hispanic
% Returned Within 3 Years of Release
FY2000FY2004FY2007
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Iowa’s First Reentry ProgramIowa’s First Reentry ProgramResultsResults
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Return Rate to Prison: Reentry Group vs. Non-Reentry (18-Mo. Follow-Up)
69.7%
59.6%
52.7%
43.6%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Black
White
Race
% Returned to Prison
Reentry Group
Control Group
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A 10% drop in LSI-R score leads to a 6% reduction in recidivism for our highest risk probationers (U of Cincinnati 2008).
This research tell us our efforts to reduce offender risk through targeted interventions is working. The results are fewer crimes, fewer victims.
CBC EffectivenessCBC EffectivenessProven ResultsProven Results
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CBC EffectivenessCBC EffectivenessProven ResultsProven Results
Percent of At-Risk Parole Population Returned to Incarceration: 2007Iowa, Surrounding States & All States
16.5%
12.7%
24.9%
15.3%
18.9%
22.5%
15.8%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
All States Iowa Missouri Nebraska SouthDakota
Minnesota Wisconsin
% R
etu
rned
to
Pri
son
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Commitment to Iowa CBCCommitment to Iowa CBC
Ranks 41st in offenders on community supervision per 100,000 adult residents.
Ranks 27th in the ratio of probationers to prisoners (BJS 2007), indicating judges’ trust in the quality of supervision and services provided by Iowa’s eight district departments of correctional services.
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Unfortunately…Unfortunately…We stepped in it.We stepped in it.
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Future: New record high?Future: New record high?
Iowa's Prison Population
8,000
8,200
8,400
8,600
8,800
9,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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Questions?
Questions?
Questions?
Questions?
Questions?
Questions?21