Privacy, Security, and trust in cloud computingBY: SIANI PEARSONPRESENTED BY: KIA MANOOCHEHRI

Contents

Introduction Privacy Issues Security Issues Trust Issues Addressing these issues

Introduction

What is cloud computing? “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

Keep in mind hardware or software resources and also internet applications are included in this explanation

Privacy, Security, and Trust

Privacy and Trust have no standard universally accepted definition This is an intrinsic problem that we will discuss

We defined security last time as the following: “the ability of a system to protect information and system resources with

respect to confidentiality and integrity” Expand the definition this time to: “Preservation of confidentiality, integrity

and availability of information; in addition, other properties such as authenticity, accountability, non-repudiation and reliability can also be involved.”

Privacy, Security, and Trust

Personal Information and Personal Data are used by European and Asian vendors but the USA uses “Personally Identifiable Information” Name, Address, SS#, CC#s, email address, passwords, DOB.

“personal data shall mean any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an identifiable person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identification number or to one or more factors specific to his physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural or social identity.”

Privacy, Security, and Trust

Important Terms: Data controller: An entity (whether a natural or legal person, public authority,

agency or other body) which alone, jointly or in common with others determines the purposes for which and the manner in which any item of personal information is processed

Data processor: An entity (whether a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or any other body) which processes personal information on behalf and upon instructions of the Data Controller

Data subject: An identified or identifiable individual to whom personal information relates, whether such identification is direct or indirect (for example, by reference to an identification number or to one or more factors specific to physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural or social identity)

Privacy

According to the United Nations, privacy is “a fundamental human right” European Convention on Human Rights also affirms this (1948)

UK Human Rights act of 1998 also affirms this

Privacy

The United States of America disagrees with their NSA… We know they keep records of the following:

All calls made in the US Content of some of these calls

Email, Facebook, and instant messages Raw Internet Traffic

Privacy

Generally speaking, privacy concerns deal with: Personal information

Particularly concerned with keeping it out of the hands of the government

“The right to be left alone”

“control information about ourselves”

Privacy

Additional concerns: “the rights and obligations of individuals and organizations with respect to

the collection, use, disclosure, and retention of personally identifiable information”

“focus on the harms that arise from privacy violations”

Privacy Issues

Lack of User Control Fundamentally counter-intuitive to the cloud concept

Leads to potential theft, misuse, and unauthorized resale by the vendors

Privacy Issues

Unauthorized Secondary Usage CSP may gain revenue from authorized secondary uses of users’ data, most

commonly the targeting of advertisements

Risk of vendor demise; what happens if CPS goes bankrupt???

Privacy Issues

Data Proliferation and Transborder Data Flow Difficult to ascertain privacy compliance requirements in the cloud

Difficult to ascertain WHERE our data actually is…

Privacy Issues

Dynamic Provisioning Unclear what rights in the data will be acquired by data processors and their

sub-contractors

Unclear WHO is actually responsible for the data…

Trust

No universally accepted scholarly definition… yay!

“Trust is a psychological state comprising the intention to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations of the intentions or behavior of another”

Trust

Previous definition is poor and doesn’t cover the following concerns Letting the trustees take care of something the trustor cares about The subjective probability with which the trustor assesses that the trustee

will perform a particular action The expectation that the trustee will not engage in opportunistic behavior A belief, attitude, or expectation concerning the likelihood that the actions or

outcomes of the trustee will be acceptable or will serve the trustor’s interests

Trust Issues

Fundamentally, trust is a difficult concept for users to grasp “trust is hard to build and easy to lose: a single violation of trust can destroy

years of slowly accumulated credibility”

Need to consider both social and technological aspects

Trust Issues

Barriers to cloudadoption

Addressing these issues

Need consistent and coordinated development in three major categories Innovative regulatory frameworks

Responsible company governance

Supporting technologies

Addressing these issues

Innovative regulatory frameworks Accountability which can allow global business and provide redress within

cloud environments

Addressing these issues

Responsible company governance Organizations act as a responsible steward of the data which is entrusted to

them within the cloud, ensuring responsible behavior via accountability mechanisms and balancing innovation with individuals’ expectations

Privacy by Design being a way of achieving this.

Addressing these issues

Privacy by Design – 7 Key Concepts Proactive not Reactive; Preventative not Remedial Privacy as the Default Setting Privacy Embedded into Design Full Functionality – Positive-Sum, not Zero-Sum End-to-End Security – Full Lifecycle Protection Visibility and Transparency – Keep it Open Respect for User Privacy – Keep it User-Centric

Addressing these issues

Supporting technologies these include privacy enhancing technologies, security mechanisms,

encryption, anonymization

Privacy, Security, and trust in cloud computingBY: SIANI PEARSONPRESENTED BY: KIA MANOOCHEHRI