private pilot
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PRIVATE PILOT. STEEP TURNS. STEEP TURNS. Objective:. STEEP TURNS. Objective: To develop smoothness, coordination, orientation, division of attention, and control techniques while executing a high-performance turn. STEEP TURNS. Introduction:. STEEP TURNS. Introduction: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PRIVATE PILOT
STEEP TURNS
STEEP TURNS
• Objective:
STEEP TURNS
• Objective:
– To develop smoothness, coordination, orientation, division of attention, and control techniques while executing a high-performance turn
STEEP TURNS
• Introduction:
STEEP TURNS
• Introduction:
– Ever wonder what it is like to be in a centrifuge?
STEEP TURNS
• Introduction:
– Ever wonder what it is like to be in a centrifuge?
– Well here is your chance while at the same time testing your piloting abilities!
STEEP TURNS
• Overview:
STEEP TURNS
• Overview:
– Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn
STEEP TURNS
• Overview:
– Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn
– Explain the procedures to execute a steep turn
STEEP TURNS
• Overview:
– Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn
– Explain the procedures to execute a steep turn
– Review the practical test standards for a steep turn
STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
STEEP TURNS
• Elements:– More than 45° bank
STEEP TURNS
• Elements:– More than 45° bank– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability
STEEP TURNS
• Elements:– More than 45° bank– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability– Bank tends to increase unless pressure is
applied to aileron controls to prevent it
STEEP TURNS
• Elements:– More than 45° bank– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability– Bank tends to increase unless pressure is
applied to aileron controls to prevent it– High load factors are imposed
STEEP TURNS
• Elements:– More than 45° bank– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability– Bank tends to increase unless pressure is
applied to aileron controls to prevent it– High load factors are imposed– Large amount of vertical component of lift is
lost and so back pressure on elevator is needed
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Execute two clearing turns
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Execute two clearing turns– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL)
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Execute two clearing turns– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL)– Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude
with necessary back pressure
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Execute two clearing turns– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL)– Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude
with necessary back pressure– Complete a left and right 360° heading change
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Execute two clearing turns– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 1500’ AGL)– Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude
with necessary back pressure– Complete a left and right 360° heading change– Power may be required to maintain airspeed
above a stall
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle– Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to
maintain pitch attitude
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle– Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to
maintain pitch attitude– If loss of altitude occurs, decrease bank, add
back pressure to regain altitude, and establish higher pitch attitude
STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle– Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to
maintain pitch attitude– If loss of altitude occurs, decrease bank, add
back pressure to regain altitude, and establish higher pitch attitude
– If gain of altitude occurs, increase bank (max 55°), decrease pitch attitude and or power
STEEP TURNS
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:– Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to
steep turns
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:– Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to
steep turns– Selects an altitude that will allow the task to be
performed no lower than 1500’ AGL
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:– Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to
steep turns– Selects an altitude that will allow the task to be
performed no lower than 1500’ AGL– Establishes the manufacturer’s recommended
airspeed or if one is not stated, the examiner may designate a safe airspeed not to exceed VA
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:– Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a
45° bank +-5°, and rolls out on the entry heading of +-10°
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:– Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a
45° bank +-5°, and rolls out on the entry heading of +-10°
– Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner
STEEP TURNS
• Practical Test Standards:– Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a
45° bank +-5°, and rolls out on the entry heading of +-10°
– Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner
– Maintains the entry altitude, +-100 feet, and airspeed +-10 knots
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude– Not releasing back pressure in recovery with
resulting gain in altitude
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude– Not releasing back pressure in recovery with
resulting gain in altitude– Not enough or too much bank
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude– Not releasing back pressure in recovery with
resulting gain in altitude– Not enough or too much bank– No use of power to assist in maintaining altitude
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Slipping or skidding through maneuver
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Slipping or skidding through maneuver– Inappropriate control applications
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Slipping or skidding through maneuver– Inappropriate control applications– Not making minor adjustments in altitude and
bank through maneuver resulting in the need for major adjustments
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Slipping or skidding through maneuver– Inappropriate control applications– Not making minor adjustments in altitude and
bank through maneuver resulting in the need for major adjustments
– Loss of orientation – Initial heading forgotten and reference point can no longer be found
STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:– Slipping or skidding through maneuver– Inappropriate control applications– Not making minor adjustments in altitude and
bank through maneuver resulting in the need for major adjustments
– Loss of orientation – Initial heading forgotten and reference point can no longer be found
– Excessive deviation from desired heading during rollout due to poor planning of rollout
STEEP TURNS
• Conclusion:
STEEP TURNS
• Conclusion:
– The steep turn is a performance based maneuver that tests various piloting ability from coordination, orientation, smoothness, and division of attention. A pilot will learn just how well his/her airplane will perform once the added loads are implied on the wings at a 45° bank.
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– What is VA for our training aircraft?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– What is VA for our training aircraft?– What is the minimum altitude required before
we begin a steep turn?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– What is VA for our training aircraft?– What is the minimum altitude required before
we begin a steep turn?– Why is it important to note the initial heading
before we begin a steep turn?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– What is VA for our training aircraft?– What is the minimum altitude required before
we begin a steep turn?– Why is it important to note the initial heading
before we begin a steep turn?– If we note the heading on our DG then why do
we need to use visual references as well?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– What is VA for our training aircraft?– What is the minimum altitude required before
we begin a steep turn?– Why is it important to note the initial heading
before we begin a steep turn?– If we note the heading on our DG then why do
we need to use visual references as well?– Why may we need to add back pressure when
we perform a steep turn?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– If we descend too fast, what is the desired
recovery procedure?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– If we descend too fast, what is the desired
recovery procedure?– At a 45° bank, what are the load factors implied
on the wings?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– If we descend too fast, what is the desired
recovery procedure?– At a 45° bank, what are the load factors implied
on the wings?– What is a good rule of thumb for a heading to
begin the rollout?
STEEP TURNS
• Review Questions:– If we descend too fast, what is the desired
recovery procedure?– At a 45° bank, what are the load factors implied
on the wings?– What is a good rule of thumb for a heading to
begin the rollout?– Why may we need to push forward on the
controls after we have rolled out?
PRIVATE PILOT
STEEP TURNS
END OF LESSON