problem solving. objective of problem solving ooda loop problem solving process – types of...
TRANSCRIPT
Problem SolvingProblem Solving
• Objective of Problem Solving
• OODA Loop
• Problem Solving Process–Types of “problems”
–8 Steps
OverviewOverview
• Objective– Help airmen focus on problem-solving skills that
affect:• Mission
• Workcenters
• People
– Approach aimed at:• Increasing combat capability
• Making AF more effective & efficient
Objective of Problem SolvingObjective of Problem Solving
Objective of Problem SolvingObjective of Problem Solving
• Remove Waste and Inefficiencies
• Increase:– Productivity– Asset Availability
• Improve:– Response Time and Agility– Energy Efficiency
• Sustain Safe and Reliable Operations
• Originated by Col John Boyd (USAF)
• A.K.A. “Decision Cycle”
• “Forty-Second Boyd”– Begin from disadvantaged position
– Defeat any pilot < 40 sec.
OODA LoopOODA Loop
• Four Overlapping & Interacting Processes–Observe: Current Situation & Form Theories
–Orient: Set Improvement Targets & Determine Root Causes
–Decide: Develop Solutions
–Act: Implement & Evaluate
OODA LoopOODA Loop
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Types of “problems”– Something is broken, how do we fix it?
– Is there opportunity to make something better?
–Why did something happen? Find the answer
– New initiative to implement
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 1: Clarify & Validate the Problem– Recognize the Correct Problem• Go to source• Observe first-hand
– State the Problem: ensures everyone working effectively towards same goals
– Tools• Go & See• Value Stream Mapping (flow chart)• Voice of Customer
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 2: Breakdown Problem/ID Gaps– Gather & Review Key Data
– Six Characteristics of Metrics (B-SMART)• Balanced
• Specific
• Measurable
• Attainable
• Results Focused
• Timely
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 2: Breakdown Problem/ID Gaps– Value & Waste Analysis • 8 Types of Waste
–Defects - Intellect–Over-production - Motion–Waiting - Excess
Inventory–Non-standard over processing– Transportation
• Always look for waste in processes• Customer determines end value
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 3: Set Improvement Targets– Strategic: Visions of what the organization strives
to become
– Tactical: Define performance level necessary to make strategic vision a reality
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 4: Determine Root Cause–Most vital step
– Avoid efforts directed towards symptoms
– Find deepest point (root) w/in sphere of influence
– Brainstorm• Quantity, not quality
• Hitchhike/Piggyback ideas
• Make list: record ideas
• Mitigate barriers (habit, fear, inertia, & prejudice)
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 4: Determine Root Cause– Most vital step
– Avoid efforts directed towards symptoms
– Find deepest point (root) w/in sphere of influence
– Brainstorm
– Tools• 5 Whys
• Cause & Effect Diagram
• Control Chart
• Pareto Analysis
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 5: Develop Countermeasures– Focus on selecting best solution(s)
– Have common & agreeable criteria
– Factors of analyzing criteria• Effectiveness (will it work or prevent reoccurrence?)
• Feasibility (cost, resources, time, etc.)
• Impact (job, team, mission, Air Force, etc.)
– Action plan• Clear & detailed
• Consensus & ownership
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 6: See Countermeasures Through– Collect data according to action plan• Monitor system
• Determine performance of tasks
• Are you hitting the targets
– Implement contingency plans
– Provide training
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 7: Confirm Results & Process– Review & reassess the solution
– Ensure plan produced intended results
–Monitor project for performance• Baseline (Steps 1 & 2)
• B-SMART (Step 3)
• “Where you thought you would be”
• Meeting targets by deadlines
– Return to previous steps as necessary
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Step 8: Standardize Successful Processes–Most commonly skipped
– Answer these questions:• What is needed to standardize improvements?
• Do you have documentation?– Tech order changes
– Air Force Instruction (AFI) changes
– Operating Instruction (OI) changes
– Restart Problem Solving Process or OODA
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process
• Objective of Problem Solving
• OODA Loop
• Problem Solving Process–Forms
–8 Steps
SummarySummary
Problem Solving ProcessProblem Solving Process