problem solving strategies for compacted soils · compacted soils dr. susan d. day ... technique:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
12/1/16
1
ProblemSolvingStrategies forCompacted Soils
Dr.SusanD.DayForest Resources &Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech
• Understanding Compacted Soil Syndrome• When doyouact?
• Q&A• Strategiesand Tradeoffs• Technique: SPR• Implications forStormwater• MoreQ&A
BriefAgenda
![Page 2: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
12/1/16
2
UnderstandingCompacted SoilSyndrome
AmericanElms
Worcester,Mass.1912
The fallbacksolution
Photo: P.EricWiseman
![Page 3: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
12/1/16
3
![Page 4: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
12/1/16
4
Photo:RobertLlewellyn—Magnoliaacuminata (CucumberTree)TheRemarkableTrees ofVirginia
SustainableLandDevelopment?
Primefarmland soilwasgraded down3ft toredirectstormwater tobioinfiltration swale
At“peak”timeofyear(May)3yearslater, treedieback,thinturf,thincanopies,nutrientdeficiencies
![Page 5: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
12/1/16
5
Compactedsoilsyndrome
Photo:RachelM.Layman
• At5-10cmmacroaggregates werereducedby44%
• Lost35%oftotalsoilorganiccarbon(0-10cm)• Lost47%ofmineral-boundcarbon• Subsurfacedrainagereducedfromabout3”anhourtolessthan½”anhour.
Photo: Jeannette E.Spaghetti (CC)
![Page 6: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
12/1/16
6
Whataboutplants?
wetres=0.6MPa
moistres=1.75MPa
dryres=2.0MPa
SilverMapleatThreeLevelsofSoilStrength
Ascompaction increases
14-yearoldTilia tomentosa inasiltyclayloam(Day&Amateis2009)
![Page 7: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
12/1/16
7
Sugarmapleroots
viewedthrough arhizotronwindow
Whendoyouact?—Determininganaction
threshold
Soil compactionMeasure bybulkdensityorpenetrationresistance
![Page 8: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
12/1/16
8
Youcan’tinterpretsoilbulkdensitywithoutsoiltexture
Bulkdensity=1.4g•cm-3
sandyloam—noworriessiltyclayloam—watchout
Daddow andWarrington1983
%SAND
![Page 9: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
12/1/16
9
Let’stakeaquestionbreak
StrategiesandTradeoffs
Blended andEngineered Soils
![Page 10: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
12/1/16
10
Missing Soil?
DarrenDeStefanoUSTaxCourt
RecycledSoils
Photo:JayBanks
![Page 11: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
12/1/16
11
Photo: Jeannette E.Spaghetti (CC)
Rehabilitating SoilinPlace
TECHNIQUE: SOILPROFILEREBUILDING
Remediates SoilCompaction
SetsSoil Formation Processes inGear
Increases Ksat, soil C, andtree growth
Specs areavailable online
Peer-reviewed science
![Page 12: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12/1/16
12
WillnotcorrectyoursoilpHproblems
Notforusearoundlargetrees
![Page 13: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
12/1/16
13
Will reducecompaction,increase tree growth,improvepermeability, increase soilcarbonstores,andset long-term soilformationprocesses ontrack
Photo: Jeannette E.Spaghetti (CC)
Apply4inchesofcomposttograded subsoil
Soil ProfileRebuilding—Arehabilitationtechnique
![Page 14: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
12/1/16
14
Backhoe to2ft,scoopupanddroptocreatecompostveins to2ft.
• Return topsoil asusual (4”min.)andtill 8”• Plant treesorother woody veg• Treatsurface toreduce erosion andmaintain
infiltration
8 cm
33cm
53 cm
18 cm
1.51
1.77
1.76
1.91(9mos)1.76(5yrs)
LowResistance(Topsoil)
HighResistance(Compactedsubsoil)
MediumResistance(Subsoil)
TypicalPractice
LoamSoil—SoilBulkDensityg/cm3
1.28
1.75
1.69
1.35 (9mos)1.49(5yrs)
ProfileRebuilding
![Page 15: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
12/1/16
15
AdaptationofDaddow andWarrington,1983bySustainableSitesInitiative
Soil inTreeRootZone
Without Rehabyr 1=1.91gcm-3
WithRehabyr 1=1.35gcm-3
Without Rehabyr 5=1.76gcm-3
With Rehabyr 5=1.49gcm-3
CanopyAreaapproximatelydoubledafter7yearsincontrolled experiments
![Page 16: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
12/1/16
16
CanopyAreainm2
Arlington County StreetMedians
DavidMitchell,2014
Implications forStormwater
![Page 17: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
12/1/16
17
Site-level Effects SubsurfacePermeability 10-40cm(Ksat)
AgriculturalSoil—4to5cm/hrComparetoHSG B
Simplegrading,urbanlanddevelopment—1to2cm/hrComparetoHSG CorD
Rehabilitatedsoil—10to11cm/hrComparetoHSG AorB
Chenetal. ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment2014.
Urbanlanddevelopment
SoilManagement
Ksat
Atypicalsurfacetreatmentsforresearchpurposesresult inrestrictedflow
Bottleneckin“typicaldevelopedland”hasrapidwaterflow
Aggregate-associatedC
![Page 18: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
12/1/16
18
Theurbanforestsystem
ComplexityoftheLandscape
![Page 19: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
12/1/16
19
Chen, Y.,Day,S. D.,Shrestha, R.K.,Strahm, B.D.,Wiseman, P.E.,2014. Influenceofurban landdevelopment andsoil rehabilitation onsoil–atmospheregreenhouse gas fluxes.Geoderma 226,348-353.
Chen, Y.,Day,S. D.,Wick, A.F.,McGuire, K.J. ,2014. Influence ofurban landdevelopment andsubsequent soil rehabilitation onsoil aggregates, carbon, andhydraulic conductivity.Science of theTotal Environment.494–495, 329-336.
Chen, Y.,Day,S. D.,Wick, A.F., Strahm,B.D.,Wiseman, P.E.,Daniels, W.L.,2013.Changes in soil carbonpools andmicrobial biomass fromurban landdevelopment andsubsequent post-development soil rehabilitation. Soil BiologyandBiochemistry 66, 38-44.
Layman,R.M.,Day.S.D.,Mitchell, D.K.,Chen, Y.,Harris, J.R.,Daniels, W.L.2015.Below ground matters: Urbansoil rehabilitation increases treecanopyandspeeds establishment. Under review atUrban Forestry &Urban Greening
JournalArticlesforSPR
urbanforestry.frec.vt.edu
Wantmoreinfo?
• RecentArticleCityTrees(Sept/Oct)
• DownloadSpecificationsurbanforestry.frec.vt.edu/SRES
• Detailsunderproduction
THANKYOU
Collaborators:J. R.Harris,JosephDove,QingfuXiao,E.G.McPherson,N.Bassuk,BrianStrahm,AbbeyWick,W.LeeDaniels,P.EricWiseman,KevinMcGuire,Tess(Wynn)Thompson,andVincentVerweij
GraduateStudents:RachelLayman,YujuanChen,JuliaBartens,andDavidMitchell
SoilProfileRebuildingSpecificationsavailableaturbanforestry.frec.vt.edu/SRES
Partial supportprovidedbytheUSDA-ForestServiceNationalUrbanandCommunityForestryAdvisoryCouncil,TreeResearch&EducationFund,theInstituteforCriticalTechnologyandAppliedScienceatVirginia Tech,andtheUSDA’sMcIntire-Stennisprogram
![Page 20: Problem Solving Strategies for Compacted Soils · Compacted Soils Dr. Susan D. Day ... TECHNIQUE: SOIL PROFILE REBUILDING Remediates Soil Compaction Sets Soil Formation Processes](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050215/5f6154ce0d0d6f4082418622/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
12/1/16
20
Photo: Peter Nijenhuis (CC)
Let’stalksomemoreaboutsoil!