University of Wisconsin - MadisonBiomedical Engineering Design Courses

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Problem StatementProblem Statement

The purpose of this project is to The purpose of this project is to develop a low resistance breath develop a low resistance breath condensate system that can handle condensate system that can handle the very high ventilations of human the very high ventilations of human exercise. The system must allow for exercise. The system must allow for simultaneous exhaled gas and simultaneous exhaled gas and condensate collection during condensate collection during exercise. exercise.

Background InformationBackground Information

Cells in lungs produce fluid containing Cells in lungs produce fluid containing mediators, ions, and cytokinesmediators, ions, and cytokines

Analysis of the fluid can be used to Analysis of the fluid can be used to diagnose respiratory ailmentsdiagnose respiratory ailments

Currently, only invasive procedures are Currently, only invasive procedures are used to obtain this fluidused to obtain this fluid– bronchoalveolar lavage bronchoalveolar lavage – induced sputem induced sputem

Background InformationBackground Information

Exhaled breath Exhaled breath contains small amounts contains small amounts of the respiratory fluid of the respiratory fluid that can be condensed that can be condensed out of breath non-out of breath non-invasively and analyzedinvasively and analyzed

Currently there is a Currently there is a system to do this but system to do this but only at rest, not while only at rest, not while exercising (Jaeger exercising (Jaeger system)system)

Design CriteriaDesign Criteria

Minimal resistance during expirationMinimal resistance during expiration

Visible condensate collectionVisible condensate collection

Must cool condensate without freezingMust cool condensate without freezing

Minimum sample size 5mL collected in 7 Minimum sample size 5mL collected in 7 minutesminutes

Compatible with current systemCompatible with current system

Does not compromise patient safetyDoes not compromise patient safety

System SchematicSystem Schematic

Prototype HistoryPrototype HistoryInitial Prototype Initial Prototype – Copper v-shape tube Copper v-shape tube

submerged in ice water submerged in ice water bathbath

– LimitationsLimitationsCumbersome cooling Cumbersome cooling systemsystemInvariable cooling Invariable cooling temperaturetemperatureHidden condensate Hidden condensate collectioncollectionFaulty test tube attachmentFaulty test tube attachmentUnsophisticated heating Unsophisticated heating sectionsection

Current PrototypeCurrent Prototype

– Collection Vial AttachmentCollection Vial AttachmentPlastic cap cemented to PVCPlastic cap cemented to PVC

Spout leads condensate into vialSpout leads condensate into vial

– Assembly MethodAssembly MethodEpoxy copper fittingsEpoxy copper fittings

Cemented PVC jointsCemented PVC joints

Caulk sealantCaulk sealant

Accomplishments this Semester Accomplishments this Semester

Optimized the systemOptimized the system– Added a water pump to circulate ice water Added a water pump to circulate ice water – Considered using electrically controlled peltier Considered using electrically controlled peltier

devices for coolingdevices for cooling– Designed/redesigned a plunging device to extract all Designed/redesigned a plunging device to extract all

condensate condensate – Built a second identical prototype to use in series with Built a second identical prototype to use in series with

the first so that while one is being plunged the other is the first so that while one is being plunged the other is in usein use

– Compared test data to theoretical valuesCompared test data to theoretical values

Continued AccomplishmentsContinued Accomplishments

Filed Invention DisclosureFiled Invention Disclosure– Unfortunately WARF chose not to Unfortunately WARF chose not to

pursue a patent or licensing for our pursue a patent or licensing for our devicedevice

Completed Outreach PresentationsCompleted Outreach Presentations

Water Circulator and PlungerWater Circulator and Plunger

Testing of PrototypeTesting of Prototype

Prototype CharacterizationPrototype Characterization

Coolant temperature: 33Coolant temperature: 33o o FF

Air temperature at apex: Air temperature at apex: 6969o o FF– Cooled from exhaled Cooled from exhaled

breath at 98.6breath at 98.6o o FF

Resistance added is 16%Resistance added is 16%– Calculated from Calculated from

pressure drop through pressure drop through the systemthe system

Theoretical Heat TransferTheoretical Heat Transfer

Q/t = (kA (Th-Tc)) / dQ/t = (kA (Th-Tc)) / d– Q/t is heat transfer per unit of timeQ/t is heat transfer per unit of time– k is the thermal conductivityk is the thermal conductivity– A is the areaA is the area– T is the temperatureT is the temperature– d is the thickness of the barrierd is the thickness of the barrier

Our Q/t value is 196kWOur Q/t value is 196kW

Theoretical ResistanceTheoretical Resistance

Head LossHead Loss– Due to contraction = 1.52 mDue to contraction = 1.52 m– Due to 90Due to 90oo bend = 1.42 m bend = 1.42 m– Total minor head loss = 1.94 mTotal minor head loss = 1.94 m

Pressure drop = (h*p*g)/100000Pressure drop = (h*p*g)/100000 =3.62 mm H=3.62 mm H22OO

Human Subject ProtocolHuman Subject Protocol

Drafted a research protocol to Drafted a research protocol to incorporate device in testingincorporate device in testing– Study will investigate the correlation between Study will investigate the correlation between

histamine levels and bronchospasm severity histamine levels and bronchospasm severity in asthma, and the refractory period theoryin asthma, and the refractory period theory

Visit 1: Baseline testingVisit 1: Baseline testing

Visit 2: Visit 2: – 90% of max for 10-12 minutes90% of max for 10-12 minutes– 15 minutes of rest15 minutes of rest– 90% of max for 10-12 minutes90% of max for 10-12 minutes

Thank you!Thank you!

Dr. Marlowe EldridgeDr. Marlowe Eldridge

Hans HaverkampHans Haverkamp

Dave PegelowDave Pegelow

Dr. Glennys MensingDr. Glennys Mensing

Dr. Naomi CheslerDr. Naomi Chesler