procedural modeling of buildings

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Procedural Modeling of Buildings Pascal Muller ETH Zurich Peter Wonka Arizona State University Simon Haegler ETH Zurich Andreas Ulmer Virtual Entertainment Productions Luc Van Gool ETH Zurich / K.U.Leuven

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Procedural Modeling of Buildings. Pascal Muller ETH Zurich Peter Wonka Arizona State University Simon Haegler ETH Zurich Andreas Ulmer Virtual Entertainment Productions Luc Van Gool ETH Zurich / K.U.Leuven. Abstract. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Procedural Modeling of Buildings

Procedural Modeling of Buildings Procedural Modeling of Buildings Pascal Muller

ETH Zurich

Peter WonkaArizona State University

Simon HaeglerETH Zurich

Andreas UlmerVirtual Entertainment Productions

Luc Van GoolETH Zurich / K.U.Leuven

Page 2: Procedural Modeling of Buildings

AbstractAbstract

โ—‡ CGA Shape ์€ Computer Graphics Architecture

โ—‡ ๋†’์€ Quality ์™€ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ

โ—‡ ์‹ผ๊ฐ’์— ํฐ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์คŒ

โ—‡ context sensitive shape ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ํ˜•์ƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ™”

โ—‡ CGA shape ์€ ํผํŽ˜์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ฑด

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1. Introduction1. Introduction

โ—‡ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์€ ์˜ํ™”์™€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์คŒ

โ—‡ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฐ 3 ์ฐจ์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ ๋น„์‹ผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ž„

โ—‡ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” CGA shape ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ

โ—‡ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ , ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ด€์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋ฉฐ , ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ์žฅ์‹์˜ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ €์žฅ

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1. Introduction1. Introduction

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• CGA ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜

โ—‡ CGA ๋Š” context sensitive shape rule ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ

โ—‡ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

โ—‡ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ context ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์„ธํ•จ

Page 5: Procedural Modeling of Buildings

โ—‡ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐ‘๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋œ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง- Semi-Thue process, Chomsky grammars ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ

โ—‡ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง , L-Systems, LOGO-style turtle

โ—‡ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์„ ๊ณผ ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ํ˜•์‹์ž„

1.1 Related Work1.1 Related Work

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์™ผ์ชฝ : ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ Procedural architecture ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ , ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ split rule ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ

์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ : ์ด ์˜ˆ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ 6 ๊ฐœ์˜ rule ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ต์ฐจ ์—†์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ

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1.2 Overview1.2 Overview

1. Introduction

2. Shape grammar

3. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ , ํ˜•์ƒ Interaction

4, 5, 6. ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ œ

7. ํฐ ๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•์žฅ

8. ์žฅ , ๋‹จ์ 

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2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์™ผ์ชฝ : ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ Scope, P ์ ๊ณผ X, Y, Z ์ถ• , S ๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•์Šค ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ : 3 ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋„ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ฉ”์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ

โ—‡ Shape

- non-terminal ๊ณผ terminal ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Œ

- ์  P, ๋ฒกํ„ฐ X, Y, Z ์ขŒํ‘œ์ถ• , Size ๋ฒกํ„ฐ S ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋จ

- ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•จ

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โ—‡ Production process

- ํ˜•์ƒ A ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ,

(1) ๊ทธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ symbol B ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  active ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ผ

(2) B ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด successor ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ production rule ์„

์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ผ . ๊ทธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์€ BNEW ์ž„

(3) ํ˜•์ƒ B ๋ฅผ inactive ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  , ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์ƒ BNEW ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ผ

- ์Šคํ… (1) ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ non-terminal์„

ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด , production process ๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด๋ผ

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

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โ—‡ Notation

- Production rule ์˜ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

- id : rule ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

- predecessor : successor ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ non-terminal ํ˜•์ƒ

- cond : ์ฐธ์ด๋ฉด ์ด rule ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

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โ—‡ Scope rules

- Scope Position P, Translation : T(tx, ty, tz)

- Rotation : Rx(angle), Ry(angle), Rz(angle)

- Scope Size : S(Sx, Sy, Sz)

- OjectId : I(โ€œObjIdโ€)

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

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โ—‡ Basic split rule

- basic split rule ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ scope ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐฌ

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์™ผ์ชฝ : ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ •๋ฉด ๋””์ž์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ : 3 ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ split

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โ—‡ Scaling of rule

- ์ด์ „ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ y = 12.8

- ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Scope ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด , ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๋จ

- ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด๋ฉฐ , ๋ฌธ์ž r ์ด ๋ถ™์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

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โ—‡ Repeat

- split rule ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํƒ€์ผํ™” ํ•จ

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

- floor ์˜ X ์ถ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ B ๊ฐ€ repetitions ๋งŒํผ ํƒ€์ผํ™” ๋จ

- repetitions = [Scope.sx/2]

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โ—‡ Component split

- Comp ๋ช…๋ น์–ด๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐฌ

2. A Shape Grammar for CGA2. A Shape Grammar for CGA

- Comp(โ€œfacesโ€){A} ๋Š” 3 ์ฐจ์› ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ฉด์„ Symbol A ๋กœ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑ

- Comp(โ€œedgesโ€){B}, Comp(โ€œverticesโ€){C} ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ edges, vertices ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐฌ

- Comp(โ€œedgeโ€, 3){A} ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ edge ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜•์ƒ A ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ

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3. Mass Modeling3. Mass Modeling

โ—‡ ์ด์ „ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…

โ—‡ Mass Model ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

โ—‡ faรงade ์™€ ์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

โ—‡ Mass Model ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ faรงade ์™€ ์ง€๋ถ•์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

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3.1 Assembling Solids3.1 Assembling Solids

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. Mass Model ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์ƒ vocabulary

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์™ผ์ชฝ : ํƒ€์›Œ์˜ Mess Model, ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ : footprint, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ : The same faรงade rule has been applied onto the different types of solids

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ์ง€๋ถ•ํƒ€์ž… : gambrel, cone, gabled hipped..

โ—‡ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ถ€์ง€์— Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Split ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Mass Model ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ

โ—‡ CGA shape ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Petronas Tower ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„์ชฝ์˜ ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ถ•ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ

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3.1 Assembling Solids3.1 Assembling Solids

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. Volumetric ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ

โ—‡ Problem of complex surfaces

- Visible surface ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹˜

- faรงade grammar ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ non-terminal symbol ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์—†์Œ

- ์œ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ Mass Model ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„

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3.1 Assembling Solids3.1 Assembling Solids

โ—‡ Modeling strategy

- ๋จผ์ € , 3 ์ฐจ์› ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 3 ์ฐจ์› scope ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ

- faรงade, roof surface ๋ฅผ 3 ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ 2 ์ฐจ์› scope ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ

- ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ edge ๋ฅผ 2 ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ 1 ์ฐจ์› scope ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•จ

- ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ (1) ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒน์นจ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•จ (Occlusion) (2) ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์—์„œ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•จ (Snap lines)

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3.2 Occlusion3.2 Occlusion

โ—‡ Occlusion ์กฐํšŒ๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒน์นจ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•จ

โ—‡ no occlusion(โ€œnoneโ€), partial occlusion(โ€œpartโ€), full occlusion(โ€œfullโ€)

(1) ์œ ๋„ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

(2) ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐํšŒ ex) Shape.occ(โ€œbalconyโ€)

(3) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋„ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜•์ƒ predecessor ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•จ

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3.2 Occlusion3.2 Occlusion

6: tile : Shape.occ(โ€œ noparentโ€) == โ€œ noneโ€ window7: tile : Shape.occ(โ€œ noparentโ€) == โ€œ partโ€ wall8: tile : Shape.occ(โ€œ noparentโ€) == โ€œ fullโ€ ฮต

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3.3 Snapping3.3 Snapping

์™ผ์ชฝ์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๊ฒน์ณ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ , ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ ฌ ํ•จ

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3.3 Snapping3.3 Snapping

โ—‡ Repeat split:1: floor Repeat(โ€œXโ€,0.2r){ B }

โ—‡ Subdivision split:1: floor Subdiv(โ€œXโ€,1r,1r,1r,1r,1r){ B | B | B | B | B }

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3.3 Snapping3.3 Snapping

โ—‡ Repeat split:1: floor Repeat(โ€œXSโ€,0.2r){ B }

โ—‡ Subdivision split:1: floor Subdiv(โ€œXSโ€,1r,1r,1r,1r,1r){ B | B | B | B | B }

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4. A Simple Building Model

4. A Simple Building Model

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5. A Model for Office Building

5. A Model for Office Building

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5. A Model for Office Building

5. A Model for Office Building

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6. A Model for Single Family Homes

6. A Model for Single Family Homes

โ—‡ Nice Interplay

1) ํ† ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ํŽœ์Šค๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜

2) front, back yard ์™€ ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ”

3) ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜

4) ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ฐจ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ž…๊ตฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ

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7. Results7. Results

โ—‡ ์œ ์ € ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค

- Text Editor for rules

- GIS Viewer

- Interactive editing

โ—‡ CityEngine framework ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•จ

โ—‡ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

โ—‡ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 ์™ผ์ชฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ 5 ๋งŒ ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด 1 ์ดˆ ์ •๋„ ์†Œ์š”๋จ

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7. Results7. Results

โ—‡ ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 190 ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฃฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

โ—‡ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” High LOD 14 ์–ต ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค , Middle LOD 3,100,000 ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค , Low LOD 170,000 ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค

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7. Results7. Results

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8. Conclusion8. Conclusion

โ—‡ ํฐ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ธ CGA shape ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ

โ—‡ ์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๋ฉ”์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด

์ฃผ๋ชฉ ํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•จ

โ—‡ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํฐ ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑ