Procedures:

PREPARATION:

1. First and foremost, before starting the experiment, make sure all the valves are closed and all other connections are tight-fit and leak-free. (NOTE: to check if the valves are closed, turn them in the clockwise direction. )

2. All hand and neck accessories should be put away in order not to cause any casualties during the experiment.

3. Be on your working attire and avoid wearing unnecessary clothing such as a scarf in order to avoid accident such as the cloth being eaten by the shaft when it is already spinning.

4. Keep the gas cock open and the priming cap located in the centrifugal pump in order for the air to be released when priming.

Figure 1: All valves closed before priming

START-UP OPERATION/PRIMING:

5. After all things are prepared and ready, turn on the axial pump with the switch located above it to start the priming.

Figure 2: Gas cock open

Vertical position means

gas cock is open!

Figure 3: Open the Priming cap for the air and water to come out

6. Once the axial pump is turned on, open valve #4 to allow the water into the centrifugal pump. (NOTE: To open, turn the valve in a counter-clockwise direction. )

The switch is located here!

Push this to turn on!

Figure 4: Turning on the Axial Pump

Figure 5: Opening Valve #4

7. Wait for a few minutes to see to it that the water comes out of the priming cap of the centrifugal pump.(NOTE: If you have observed that water is still not coming out of the priming valve, strike the flange of the centrifugal pump located at the bottom of the floor. This process will close the foot valve and will let the water fill the pump and not be sucked down.)

Figure 6: Troubleshooting if water is still not coming out of the priming cap

Strike it like this with a

pole This is what you will strike with the

pole

8. When water finally comes out of the priming valve, turn the shaft of the centrifugal pump to release some of the trapped air.

9. After the air is removed, the gas cock and the priming cap can now be closed.

A lot of air bubbles!

No air bubbles!

Turn the shaft to remove air bubbles!

Figure 7: Removing Air Bubbles

Figure 8: Closing the gas cock

Horizontal position means it is closed!

10. Turn on the centrifugal pump and at the same time, open the valve beside it as fast as you can and make sure that the pressure does not cross the red line. Keep it turning as fast as you can until the valve is fully opened. (NOTE: before turning on, close valve #4 first. (SEE Figure 5))

This is the valve that you will open

Turn this On!!!Turn counter-

clockwise as fast as you can

No accessories please so remove these!

Figure 9: Fully Opening the Valve of the Centrifugal pump

11. Adjust the bypass valve to obtain the desired pressure. When the desired pressure is achieved, the valve located near the Kaplan Turbine can now be opened. Record the pressure reading.

12. Turn off the axial pump and close valve #4. (SEE Fig. 4 and Fig. 5)

TURBINE OPERATION

13. Open valve #9 in the Kaplan turbine to feed it with water in the brakes. (NOTE: do not fully open this valve as this causes the water to splash from all directions. Just adjust it enough for the water to pass through and won’t splash.)

Beware of the red line! Keep

Spinning! And FAST!

Figure 10: Pressure Gauge of the Centrifugal Pump

SAFETY PRECAUTION: If by chance you smell like there’s something burning, you can adjust valve #9 to add more water to the brakes. Consequently, this will affect the speed of the turbine thus changing your readings. There will be no choice but to redo the readings. So a tip, before starting the reading, adjust valve #9 enough to give water without enabling you to smell something burning throughout the experiment.

14. Open valve #10, which is the inlet valve for the turbine.

15. Adjust the lever in order for the main shaft to turn. (NOTE: Make sure that the vane setting is at the center at the start of the operation.)

Figure 11: Opening of the valve #9

Figure 12: Opening of inlet valve of the Kaplan Turbine

16. You can now take the readings needed for the experiment.17. Adjust the guide vanes to the desire setting. Record the setting.18. Load the turbine by placing weights on the pan and adjust the screw rod connected to the

belt until the arm rested at the center of the pointer. Record the weight used and the rotational speed from the gage connected on the belt drive.

Make sure the vane setting is at the

center at the start of the operation.

Adjust this for the propeller to start

spinning!

Figure 13: Default Settings of the Turbine at the start of the operation

Figure 14: Kaplan Turbine

Take the speed here

Place the weights here

Inlet and outlet pressure gauge

Adjust vane setting here

19. Note the reading of the pressure gauge at inlet and outlet.20. To measure the volume flow rate, use the flow meter using the v notch weir. When the

water levels on the crest, the scale reading must be in zero, if not then subtract or add the corresponding needed value. Record the reading in the scale.

21. Repeat steps 16- 19 but with a different vane angle setting (2.7, 5, 10.5, 15.2, 19.5, 23, 26.7, 29) and weight. (for vane setting, refer to Fig. 13)

22. Tabulate all the acquired data.23. Graph any relationships of the values taken from the operation to your own discretion.

SHUTTING DOWN:

24. Close valve #10 of the inlet opening of the turbine. (Refer to Fig. 12)25. Close valve #9. (NOTE: You can simultaneously close both valves.) (Refer to Fig. 11)26. Return the vane setting to the center. (Refer to Fig. 13)27. Turn off the centrifugal pump. Once you turn it off, turn it slowly until the pointer

reaches the red line. After that, spin the valve as fast as you can until it is fully closed.

Figure 15: The V-notch weir and the scale reading

Data and Results:

Weight: 1 kg

Vane Setting Inlet Pressure Discharge Pressure

Speed Triangular Weir (cm)

Rectangular Weir (cm)

2.7 0.45 450 28.6 5.75 0.45 800 31 5.7

10.5 0.45 1300 33.7 5.715.2 0.45 1600 37.9 7.219.5 0.4 2100 39.4 5.623 0.4 2350 40.2 5.9

26.7 0.3 2600 41.7 7.929

Weight: 2 kg

Vane Setting Inlet Pressure Discharge Pressure

Speed Triangular Weir (cm)

Rectangular Weir (cm)

2.7 0.45 0 28.4 7.15 0.45 400 31.2 3.2

10.5 0.45 700 33.6 5.915.2 0.4 1400 35 1.419.5 0.4 1750 38.3 1.223 0.4 1950 39.4 1.1

26.7 0.4 2000 41.5 1.129

Trial 2:

Weight: 1 kg

Vane Setting Inlet Pressure Discharge Pressure

Speed Triangular Weir (cm)

Rectangular Weir (cm)

2.7 0.45 300 27.9 5.55 0.45 650 31.2 5.5

10.5 0.45 1100 33.1 6.315.2 0.45 1400 36.2 7.819.5 0.45 2100 39.7 5.223 0.4 2300 40.4 5.8

26.7 0.4 2550 41 7.429

Weight: 2 kg

Vane Setting Inlet Pressure Discharge Pressure

Speed Triangular Weir (cm)

Rectangular Weir (cm)

2.7 0.45 0 29.1 7.45 0.45 350 31.8 3.8

10.5 0.45 600 32.9 4.815.2 0.45 1250 36.2 2.119.5 0.4 1600 38.7 1.623 0.4 1900 39.5 1.3

26.7 0.4 2100 40.8 1.129

Actual Weir Torque (N-m) Power Output (kW)22.65 5.89581 13.8917075225.5 5.89581 26.8573012127.4 5.89581 44.4534640729.55 5.89581 55.5668300934.15 5.89581 77.79356212