Proceeding of the1998 International Conference on Incineration and

Thermal Treatment Technologies

Salt Lake City, Utah U.S.A.

Lori B. CohenConference Coordinator

University of California, Irvine

Joyce FeldmanTechnical Vice-Chairman

Environmental Consultant

Anthony R. EicherTechnical Vice-Chairman

James G. TripodesOversight Chairman

University of California, Irvine

Sponsored byAir & Waste Management Association (AWMA)

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE)American Academy of Environmental Engineers

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI)

Health Physics Society (HPS)Institution of Chemical Engineers - United Kingdom (IChemE)

Institution of Mechanical Engineers United Kingdom (IMECHE)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE)

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TOC

Table ofContents

SESSION 2 — U.S. GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMSChair: Heather Holmes Burns, British Nuclear Fuels Ltd.Cochair: John McFee, IT Corporation

Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project Incineration Process 1Kenneth Guay, Matthew Cage, Larry Grob and John Gonsky, GTS Duratek; T.K. Thompson andJohn Vavruska, TK Thompson, Inc

Compilation of Descriptive Data on Muffle Furnaces Used at Savannah River, Rocky Flats, and Hanford forDOE's Plutonium Disposition Program: Interview Summary Report 9Robin Anderson, The Environmental Protection Agency

Vitrification of Contaminated Soils from the Charleston Naval Complex 15W.K. O 'Connor and P.C. Turner, Albany Research Center; D.A. Brosnan and R. Mussro, Clemson University;G.W. Addison, V.B. Jackson and G.F. Teaster, AJT Enterprises, Inc.

Actively Controlled Afterburner for Compact Waste Incinerator 21T.P. Parr, K.J. Wilson, R.A. Smith and K.C. Schadow

Incineration of DOE Offsite Mixed Waste at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory 31Mary V. Willcox, U.S. Department of Energy; John D. Harris, Lisa A. Harvego and Andrew M. Jacobs,Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies

Determination of Compliance for Change in Waste Stream 37Jeffrey R. Hightower and Robert D. Smith, RMF Engineering, Inc.; Alvin Brooker, Naval Surface WarfareCenter

Identification of Performance Upgrade Issues in DOE's Thermal Treatment Systems 43John McFee, IT Corporation; David Eaton, Margaret Knecht, Curtis Branter, Dennis Conley and MichaelHeiser, Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Co.; Fidel Perez, Bechtel Jacobs Company

SESSION 3 — MULTI-PATHWAY AND RISK ASSESSMENTChair: J. Bell, SAF'Risk, LCCochair: Robert Apa, Morrison Knudsen Corporation

The U.S. EPA's Multiple Pathway Exposure Methodology 47David J. Reisman and Eletha Brady-Roberts, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

A Comparison of Site-Specific Risk Assessments Between States and Regions 53MelvinE. Keener, Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration

Evolution of Screening-Level Risk Analyses for Combustion Sources 59Michael T. Mills, ENSR; Alexandra S. French, Massachusetts Department of Public Health

A Multiple Source Approach to Acute Human Health Risk Assessments 65Bret Mower, USACHPPM & Henry M. Jackson Foundation

Innovative Combustion Risk Assessment and Permitting Process for an Incinerator at theFormer Nebraska Ordnance Plant in Mead, Nebraska 73Frank Bales, Jason Leibbert, David Daniel and Natalae Tillman, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; GregMcCartney, OHM, Remediation Services Corp.; Cynthia Fuller, Environmental Science Services, Inc.

Performing a Human Health Risk Assessment with U.S. EPA OSW'S 1998 Combustion Risk Assessment Protocol 77Eric Morton, Tetra Tech EM Inc. (Tetra Tech); Bryan Matthews, Christina Riggins, William Desmond, TracyMcDonald, Amanda Pryor, Cynthia Woo, Raj Badireddi and Jeffrey Ayers, Tetra Tech; Jeffrey Yurk, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency

SESSION 4 — INNOVATIONS & EMERGING EMISSIONSChair: Nina Bergan French, Sky +, Inc.Cochair: Steve Priebe, Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies

Results of the September 1997 DOE/EPA Demonstration of Multimetal Continuous Emission Monitoring Technologies 83P.M. Lemieux and J.V. Ryan, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; N.B. French, Sky+, Inc.; W.J. Haas, Jr.,Ames Laboratory; SJ. Priebe, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory; D.B. Burns,Westinghouse Savannah River

Evaluation of Candidate Multi-Metals Emissions Monitoring Systems at the DOE Oak Ridge TSCA Incinerator 87James E. Dunn, Jr. and Reggie Sal lie, Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC; Luther V. Gibson, Jr., Lockheed MartinEnergy Systems, Inc.; James W. Peeler, Laura L. Kinner and Roger T. Shigehara, Emission Monitoring Inc.

A Continuous Sampling System for Hazardous Element Compliance Assurance 95R.H. Lambert, K. Beach and J. Owens, Eli Lilly and Company; J. Cooper, B. Johnsen and B. Richards, CooperEnvironmental Services

Near-Real-Time Measurement of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds from Combustion Processes Using anOn-LineGas Chromatograph 101Jeffrey V. Ryan and Paul M. Lemieux, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; William T. Preston, ARCADISGeraghty & Miller

Continuous Monitoring With Jet Rempi Using An Improved Laser System (All Solid State OPO) 109H. Oser, R. Thanner and H.-H. Grotheer, Institute of Physical Chemistry of Combustion

Monitoring HC1 and Cl2 During Site Cleanup and Closure Using a Real-Time Analyzer 117Andrew D. Sappey and Richard J. Schlager, ADA Technologies, Inc.; Michael Torbert, U.S. Department ofEnergy

SESSION 5 — GASIFICATION OF SOLID WASTESChair: Kevin J. Whiting, Independent Consultant

M. Swientoniewski, Bechtel Environmental, Inc.Von Roll RCP: Technological Breakthrough in Waste Recycling 123T. Ungricht and J. Engweiler, Von Roll Environmental Technology Ltd.

Continuous In-Line Gasification/Vitrification Process for Thermal Waste Treatment —Process Technology and Current Status of Projects 127Bernd Calaminus and Rudi Stahlberg; Thermoselect Engineering S. r. I.

The Krupp UHDE Precon® Based on the High-Temperature-Winkler (HTW) Gasification for Processing Solid Wastes 135Christoph Liitge and Marco Deutsch, Krupp Uhde GmbH; Rainer Wischnewski and H. -P. Schiffer, RheinbraunAG; David L. Hoey, Molten Metal Technology, Inc.

Energy Recovery from Solid Waste Fuels Using Advanced Gasification Technology 141Michael Morris and Lars Waldheim, TPS Termiska Processer AB

Gasification & Vitrification Recycling Process 149Matthew Howell, Bob Hensel, Dave Weigle and Kenneth Guay, GTS Duratek; Andrew Grove, TRW

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POSTER SESSION I — HIGHLEVEL WASTEChair: Robert Gillins, International STAR, Inc.The Cold Crucible Melting of Synroc 155Sergey V. Stefanovsky and Oleg A. Knyazev, SIA "Radon "; Dmitry B. Lopukh, University of ElectricEngineering; Sergey V. loudintsev, Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits

Technology of LRW Vitrification in Induction Melter 159LA. Sobolev, F.A. Lifanov, A.P. Kobelev, V.N. Popkov, A.E. Savkin, V.I. Kornev, V.I. Zakharenko, M.A.Polkanov, S.M. Golobokov and V.A. Gorbunov, SIA "Radon"

Mineral-Like Matrices for High-Level Radioactive Waste 163TV. Smelova, N.V. Krylova, I.N. Shestoperov, P.P. Poluectov, MINATOMRF, SSCRF VNIINM

Vitrification of Sulfate — Containing Radioactive Waste 167I.A. Sobolev, O.K. Karlina, M.I. Ojovan, A.P. Kobelev and F.A. Lifanov, SIA "Radon"

SESSION 6 — U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IMPLEMENTSCOMBUSTION STRATEGY IN REGION VIChair: Bill Schofield, Focus Environmental, Inc.Cochair: Tony Eicher, Focus Environmental, Inc.Region 6 Combustion Permitting Program a Midpoint Review 171Jeffrey J. Yurk, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; David A. Weeks, Center for Toxicology andEnvironmental Health

Real World Experience with US EPA's New Sampling and Analytical Methods for Conducting Risk Burns 175Bill Mullins, Jr., METCO Environmental

The Louisiana Combustion Project — Facts and Fallacies Lessons Learned to Date 179Lloyd J. Tabary II, DSM Copolymer, Inc.

Key Learnings from Texas Industry on Hazardous Waste Combustion Unit Trial/Risk Burns and Risk Assessments 185Barbara A. Pederson, DuPont Engineering

Hazardous Waste Combustion Risk Assessment Experience in the State of Texas 189Lucy H. Fraiser, J. Andrew Tachovsky, Melinda E. King, J. Torin McCoy and Laurie C. Haws, Texas NaturalResource Conservation Commission (TNRCC)

SESSION 7 — INNOVATIVE AND EMERGING EMISSIONS CONTROLSYSTEMS/TECHNOLOGIESChair: Ronald G. Patterson, EnvitechCochair: Peter Falcone, T-Thermal/Selas Fluid Processing Corp.

Mercury Emissions Control Technologies for Mixed Waste Thermal Treatment 197Andrea Chambers, Margaret Knecht, Nick Soelberg and David Eaton, Lockheed Martin Idaho TechnologiesCo.; Daryl Roberts, MSP Corporation; Tom Broderick, ADA Technologies

Comparison of Thermal Treatment Technologies for VOC Control 205Doug J. Topley, Andersen 2000 Inc.

Influence of Disturbances in Municipal Waste Incineration Plants on Catalytic Converters 213J. Stohr, R. Bechtler, J. Furrer and H. Seifert, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH

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Balance of NH, and Behavior of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in the Course of the SelectiveNon-Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide at the TAMARA Waste Incineration Plant 219J. Furrer, H. Deuber, H. Hunsinger, S. Kreisz, A. Linek, H. Seifert and J. Stohr, Forschungszentrum KarlsruheGmbH; R. Ishikawa, K. Watanabe, EBARA Corporation

Phosphorus: In Situ Treatment for ZNC1, Formed by Incineration of Organic Waste 225Helene Rouault, Rene Carder, Roger Boen and Thierry Longuet, Commissariat a VEnergie Atomique (CEA)

Collection of Hazardous Gas Using Spray Drying Sorber 229Keon-Joo Lee, Seung-Ho Lee and Yong-Jim Oh, SangJi University

Flameless and Premixed Surface Combustion Destroys Halogenated VOC and Global Warming Gases 235Bruce C. Myatt, David F. Bartz, John D. Sullivan and James A. Gotterba, Alzeta Corporation

SESSION 8 — PLASMA TECHNOLOGYChair: Tim Rivers, MSE Technology Applications, Inc.Cochair: Eugene Keating, Geo-Centers, Inc.Plasma Arc Vitrification of Incinerator Ash 245Charles P. Heanley and Christopher D. Chapman, Tetronics Limited; Calvin J. Wolf, Aerotherm Corporation

Description and Operation Experience of a Plasma-Arc, Asbestos- Vitrification Unit 253J.L. Frame, ARCPROCESS, Inc.; S.D. Hickel and G.J. Hanus, PHOENIX Solutions Co.; H. Davis, K.J. Hewlettand DM. Bennert, Envitco, Inc.

High-Temperature Reprocessing of Solid Radioactive Waste in Plasma Shaft Furnace 257LA. Sobolev, S.A. Dmitriev, F.A. Lifanov, A.E. Savkin, LA. Knjazev, V.N. Popkov, M.A. Polkanov, S.M.Golobokov and S. U. Shvetzov, SIA "Radon "

Application of Plasma-Induction-Hybrid Melter to the Research on Volume Reduction and Stabilization ofLow Level Radioactive Solid Waste 261Takakuni Hirabayashi, Katuo Kanazawa and Kazuo Fujiki, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute; KazukiYamate, Daihachiro Sakurai Radtech Corp.; Hideyuki Ikenoya, Mitsubishi Materials Corp.

Emissions Testing of the Pilot-Scale Plasma Hearth Process 265Trevor W. Jackson and James A. Batdorf, Science Applications International Corporation

Development of Plasma Arc Technology Applications for the Treatment of Complex Military Waste Streams 271Hany Zaghloul and Ed Smith, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL)

Recent Results on Characterization of a Plasma Torch Furnace and Enhancing Operational Lifetime 277R. Arun Kumar, John Etheridge, Robert A. Green, Bert Nail, Walter Okhuysen and Thomas Philip, DiagnosticInstrumentation and Analysis Laboratory

SESSION 9A — PART I: HAZARDOUS/MEDICAL/CHEMICAL RESEARCH ANDINNOVATIONChair: Thomas Ho, Lamar UniversityCochair: Shigekatsu Mori, Nagoya University

Combustion Improvements for the Environment in MSW Incineration 283Ivan Milosavljevic, Air Liquide - CRCD; Olivier Charon, Air Liquide - CRC; Michel Degrand, NOVERGIECentre-Est; Jose de Freitas

Modeling of Waste Grate Firing for a Complete Furnace Simulation 287Siegmar Wirtz and Ferdinand Krilll, Ruhr-Universitdt Bochum

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Thermal Treatment of Petroleum Contaminated Soils by Fluidized Bed Desorber 293Joong Kee Lee and Dalkeun Park, Clean Technology Research Center; Byeong-Uk Kim andJong-In Dong,The University of Seoul; Sangwha Lee, Kyungwon University

Incinerator Chlorine Emission Control by Proper Combustion Air Management 297C.R. Ullrich, Waste Processing Associates

Combustion of Refuse Derived Fuel in Fluidized Bed 301Guilin Piao, Shigeru Aono and Shigekatsu Mori, Seiichi Deguchi, Yukihisa Fujima, Nagoya University;Motohiro Kondoh and Masataka Yamaguchi, Toyota Motor Corp.

The Use of DC Graphite Arc Melter to Process Surrogate Medical Waste Under Pyrolytic Conditions 305J. Kenneth Wittle and Richard A. Hamilton, Electro-Pyrolysis, Inc.; Peter J. Wilver, Svedala Industries, Inc.;James C. Kidd, Svedala Industries, Inc.

POSTER SESSION II — GENERALChair: James G. Tripodes, University of California, IrvineSelf-Sustaining Synthesis of SYNROC: Thermodynamic Analysis 311Igor A. Sobolev, Michael I. Ojovan, George A. Petrov, Vsevolod L. Klimov and Vadim L. Tarasov, SIA"Radon"

Reprocessing of Spent Catalysts by High Temperature Methods 315A.P. Kobelev, S.V. Stefanovsky, O.A. Knyazev, T.N. Lashtchenova and V.L. Tarasov, SIA "Radon"

Information Provision System of Plant Induction Melter 321N.V. Vitik, V.N. Popkov, LA. Krokhin, S.A. Vladimirov, S.A. Dmitriev and F.A. Lifanov, SIA "Radon"

Dechlorination Reaction Between Organic Chlorides and Calcium Oxide in a Closed Reaction System 327Taneaki Yahata and Yuji Tsuchiya, Morikawa Industries Corporation

Data Collection System for Navy Incinerator: Engineering Development Model 331W. Drosjack, J. Mrozek and W.N. Very, Geo-Centers, Inc.; C. Adema and S. Brown, Naval Surface WarfareCenter

Use of DeNOX Catalysts (TIO/V2O5/WO3) for Elimination of Chlorinated Organic Flue Gas Componentsat Temperatures < 200°C 337J. Furrer, A. Linek and R. Oberst, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH

Total Recycling of CCA Treated Wood Waste by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis 341L. Helsen and E. Van den Buick, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; J.S. Hery, Beaumartin S.A.

SESSION 9B — PART II: HAZARDOUS/MEDICAL/CHEMICAL THERMAL RESEARCHAND INNOVATIONChair: Jack Brady, Anderson 2000 Inc.

Thomas Ho, Lamar UniversityAdvances in Flameless Thermal Oxidation: A Non-Incineration Technology for Destroying Waste Liquids 349Steven G. DeCicco, C.B. Baer, M.P. Barkdoll, B.L. Edgar, R.J. Martin and S.R. McAdams, Thermatrix Inc.

Processing of Medical Waste in Combustion Plant with Plasma Heat and Liquid Slag Removal 355LA. Sobolev, S.A. Dmitriev, F.A. Lifanov, A.E. Savkin, M.A. Polkanov, LA. Knjazev, S.M. Golobokov, I.D.Tolstov, S.U. Shvetzov and N.V. Vitik, SIA "Radon"; H Matzuda, A. Tada, PROMETRON TECHNICS Corp.

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DREsatLow Waste Feed Concentrations 359James J. Cudahy, Focus Environmental, Inc.

Investigation of Solid and Liquid Waste Thermal Incineration in a Rotating Kiln 365Anatole Parnas, American Combustion, Inc.; Stanislav Shabunya, Belarus Academy of Sciences; SergeyAndreev, Russian Academy of Sciences; Keith Beach and Gerald King, Eli Lilly and Company

Recent Applications of the Flexible Universal Demercurization Process UNIDEMP™ 371Rajiv Kohli, RKAssociaties; Martin Schaub, CT Environment Ltd

Waste Tyres Utilization in Cement Kilns: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis 375Michele Giugliano, Stefano Cernuschi, Umberto Ghezzi and Mario Grosso, Politecnico di Milano; Silvio Polio,Unicem S.p.A.

SESSION 10 — CONTAMINANTS OF INTEREST: ORGANICS INCLUDING DIOXINChair: Kevin Bruce, Arcadis - Geraghty & MillerCochair: Mark Swientoniewski, Bechtel Environmental Inc.

The Impact of Thermal Oxidation Quench Systems on Dioxin Formation 381Joseph J. Santoleri and Michael L. Budin, RMT/Four Nines

Total PCB Via HRMS — Do You Know What You Are Getting? 389Ronald A. McLeod, Rod Thomson, Brian Zaruk and Owen Cosby, Philip Analytical Services

Mechanistic Implications of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxin and Dibenzofuran Homologue Profiles fromMunicipal Waste and Coal Co-Combustion 395Brian K. Gullett, USEPA; James E. Dunn, University of Arkansas; Sung-Keun Bae, Changwon NationalUniversity; K. Raghunathan, Union Carbide Corp

Identification of PICs in Hazardous Waste Combustion Emissions 403Andrew Trenholm, Midwest Research Institute

Enhanced Formation of Dioxins and Furans from Combustion Devices by Addition of Trace Quantities of Bromine 411Paul M. Lemieux and Jeffrey V. Ryan, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Organic Compound Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) for Plasma Incinerator Off-Gases Using anElectrically Heated Secondary Combustion Chamber 419C.G. Whitworth, S. Babko-Malyi andD.M. Battleson, MSE Technology Applications, Inc.; S.J. Olstad,PHOENIX Solutions Co.

SESSION 11 — RADIOACTIVE TREATMENT OPERATION/DEVELOPMENTChair: Konstantin Jannakos, Forschungszentrum KarlsruheCochair: Jiirgen Furrer, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH

Thermal Destruction of Ion Exchange Resins — The Thor8" Process 427RolfHesbol, Studsvik RadWasteAB; J. Bradley Mason, Studsvik, Inc.

Radioactive Waste Incineration at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe 435Friedrich Dirks, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Incineration of Radioactive Liquid Wastes 17 Years of Running 439Pierre Lisbonne, C.E.A. CADARACHE Research Center

The Valduc Waste Incineration Facility Starts Operations (Iris Process) 445H. Chateauvieux and P. Guiberteau, CEA-DAM; T. Longuet, CEA-DCC; J. Lannaud, CEA-DAM; M. LorichSGN

Development of Radioactive Waste Incineration Technology at Moscow SIA Radon 449S.M. Golobokov, S.A. Dmitriev, M.A. Polkanov, A.E. Savkin and LA. Sobolev, SIA "Radon"

Direct Incineration of West Ion-Exchange Resins 455M.I. Ojovan, G.A. Petrov, K.N. Semenov and E.M. Timofeev, SIA "Radon"

SESSION 12 — ASH CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILIZATIONChair: Don Leavitt, CEntry Constructors & EngineersCochair: Bob Rutberg, Bovar Waste Management

An Overview of Current Practices and Future Alternatives for the Management of Ash Residues fromWaste-to-Energy Processes in Europe 459Kevin J. Whiting, Independent Consultant

The Energy Efficient Thermal Detoxification of Fly Ash 465P.H. Lee, V. Nasserzadeh andJ. Swithenbank, Sheffield University Waste Incineration Centre; C. McLeod,Sheffield University; J. Goodfellow, Dyson - Hotwork Ltd.; D. Lawrence and N. Garrod, Sheffield Heat &Power Ltd.; B. Jones, Sheffield Incinerator Plant

Characterization and Phosphate Stabilization of Dusts from the Vitrification of MSW Combustion Residues 471T. Taylor Eighmy, Bradley S. Crannell and James E. Krzanowski, University of New Hampshire; Leslie G.Butler, Frank K. Cartledge and Earl F. Emery, Louisiana State University; J. Dykstra Eusden, Jr., BatesCollege

SESSION 13 — U.S. REGULATIONS: IMPACT ON HOSPITAL/MEDICAL/INFECTIOUSWASTESChair: Gary Parker, Glaxo Wellcome Inc.The New Challenge: EPA Air Emission Regulations for Medical Waste Incinerators 477William P. Norris, Canavan Technologies, Inc.; Ronald G. Patterson, Envitech, Inc.

Evaluation of the Available Air Pollution Control Technologies for Achievement of the MACT Requirements in theNewly Implemented New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Emissions Guidelines (EG) for Hospital andMedical/Infectious Waste Incinerators 481Tom Van Remmen, Andersen 2000 Inc.

SESSION 14 — REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND THEIR IMPACTCochairs: Robert Apa, Morrison Knudsen Corporation

Kevin Whiting, Independent ConsultantDemonstration of Paniculate Matter Continuous Emission Monitors at a Hazardous Waste Incinerator in the U.S 489Steven P. Schliesser, Michael O. White and Bryan D. Lange, Energy and Environmental Research Corp; H.Scott Rauenzahn and N. Scott Postma, US Environmental Protection Agency

Meeting the MACT Challenge: Air Pollution Control Concepts That Work 497Helen Gablinger and Alfred Sigg, VonRoll America, Inc.

Environmental Justice: Civil Rights Meets Solid Waste 503Lemuel M. Srolovic, Sive, Paget & Riesel; Karen Leo, Rosenman & Colin

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SESSION 15 — HAZARDOUS/MEDICAL, CHEMICAL THERMAL PROCESSES —DEMONSTRATED TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATING EXPERIENCEChair: H. Nugent Myrick, SARP IndustriesCochair: Doug Riley, Laidlaw Environmental ServicesDesign of and Operating Experience from a Large Integrated Waste Processing Facility in Brasil 507Armando G.A. Neto, CETREL S.A.; Jack D. Brady, Andersen 2000 Inc.

Incineration of Chemcial Agent GB and Spent Decontamination Solutions at theTooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility 515Craig M. Young and Andrew D. Papadakis, EG&G Defense Materials, Inc.; Thomas J. Valenti, ScienceApplications International Corporation; Marc J. Rost, T-Thermal Company

Incineration and Melting of Sewage Sludge by Vortex (Slagging) Furnace 523Misao Igarashi and Yoshiaki Ueda, Tsukishima Kikai Co., Ltd. (TSK)

Incineration of Industrial Hazardous Wastes in a FBC Incinerator: An Experience withFluidised Bed Combustion Technology 529Dilip K. Biswas, D B Associates Process Industry Consultants; R. Sethumadhavan, Centre for UniversityIndustry Collaboration

Oxygen Injection for Multiple Hearth Sludge Incinerators 537Christopher B. Leger, Praxair, Inc.

On-Site Thermal Remediation of VOC/TPH-Contaminated Soil at theOtis Air National Guard Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts 545Christopher A. Young, Roy F. Weston, Inc.; Jon Davis, Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence(AFCEE); Chance Reichel, Jacobs Engineering Group; Judith Gallagher, Earth Technology, Inc.

Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Continuous Real-Time Monitoring ofTrace Metals in Incinerator Emissions 551T.J. Whitakerand K.F. Willey, Atom Sciences, Inc.

SESSION 16 — HAZARDOUS/MEDICAL/CHEMICAL INNOVATIVE THERMAL PROCESSChair: Prakash Acharya, OHM Remediation Services Corp.Cochair: Sanjay Guha, IT CorporationHigh Vacuum Rotary Kiln for the Removal of Mercury from Air Pollution Control Scrubber Waste 555Randy Aulbaugh and Greg Hawk, Scientific Consulting Laboratories, Inc.

Evaluation of a Plasma-Based Thermal Treatment System for Destruction of Difficult to Remediate Wastes 559Kevin R. Bruce and Johannes Lee, ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller; Darryl Freed and Lazlo Heredy, PlasmaEnvironmental Technologies, Inc.

New Processes for the Removal of Mercury from Incinerator Flue Gases 565James A. Gaspar, BFI Waste Systems, Inc.

Novel Thermal Treatment Capability of the Torbed® Process Reactor Technologies 569C.E. Dodson, Torftech Limited; R.G.W. Laughlin, ORTECH Corporation

Oxygen for Thermal Waste Processing 575Thomas B. Niehoff, Roger Dudill and Charles E. Baukal, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Plasma Torch Applications to Municipal Solid Waste Problems in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 579Andrew W. Smith

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SESSION 17 — RADIOACTIVE WASTE STABILIZATIONChair: Rolf Hesbol, Studsvik Rad waste ABCochair: Michael I. Ojovan, Moscow Scientific & Industrial Association "Radon"

R. Wayne Potter, Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation

Solidification Sequence as a Means of Containing Radionuclides During Melt Decontamination 585Eric Schlienger, Joe Michael, James Van Den Avyle, David Melgaard and Greg Schelmidine, Sandia NationalLaboratories

Plasma Melting of Ash Residue from Radioactive Waste Incinerators 591S.A. Dmitriev, F.A. Lifanov, LA. Kniazev, M.A. Polkanov, V.N. Popkov, A.Eu. Savkin, I.D. Tolstov andO. V. Tolstova, SIA "Radon "

Conditioning of Ash Residue from Radwaste Incinerators in Induction Melter 595S.A. Dmitriev, F.A. Lifanov, A.P. Kobelev, A.Eu. Savkin, V.I. Kornev, V.N. Zakharenko, O.A. Knyazev,M.A. Polkanov, S.M. Golobokov and V.A. Gorbunov, SIA "Radon"

Synthesis and Application of the Binding Material Based on Radioactive Grounds and Silts 599I.A. Sobolev, S.A. Dmitriev, F.A. Lifanov, A.P. Kobelev, A.P. Varlakov, S.V. Karlin and V.N. Chernonozhkin,SIA "Radon"

Immobilization of Incinerator Ash in SYNROC-Glass Material 603Tatiana N. Lashtchenova and Sergey V. Stefanovsky, SIA "Radon "

Incorporation of Intermediate-Level Liquid Radioactive Nuclear Power Plant Wastes in Glass and Ceramics 609F.A. Lifanov, A.P. Kobelev, S.V. Stefanovsky, V.I. Kornev, V.N. Zakharenko, M.A. Polkanov, T.N.Lashtechenova, V.A. Solovyov, O.A. Knyazev, E.A. Kachalova, O.V. Tolstova and O.I. Kirjanova, SIA "Radon"

SESSION 18A — PART I: DESIGN AND MODIFICATION EFFECTS ON OPERATIONSChair: Tim Rivers, MSE Technology Applications, Inc.Cochair: Larry Paul, Haynes International, Inc.

The Upgrading of the UK's Largest Municipal EFW Facility at Edmonton, London to MeetNew Emission Limits and Proposed EC Year 2001 Standards 613Brian M. Heap, PROCEDAIR LTD

Incinerator for Plastics Plant Waste Streams 621Tracy L. Holloway, Andersen 2000 Inc.

The Ghent Soil and Waste Treatment Center 627Jan Haemers, Watco Remediation Services; Anton Costerus, Consulting Bureau Scarabee

Applications of the Quantum-CEP® Technology to Utility Spent Ion Exchange Resin and Mixed Waste 631Myron M. Kaczmarsky, Bill McGowan and Donald E. Keck, Molten Metal Technology, Inc.

The Practical Experiences of Upgrading a 20 Year Old MSW Incinerator to Incorporate Modern PollutionControl Equipment and a New Plant Wide PLC Control System 637Brian M. Heap, PROCEDAIR LTD

SESSION 18B — PART II: DESIGN AND MODIFICATION EFFECTS ON OPERATIONSChair: Larry Paul, Haynes International, Inc.Cochair: Tim Rivers, MSE Technology Applications, Inc.Specifying the Capacity of a Waste Incineration System 643Michael L. Aident, Charlie Pfrommer and Saleem K. Zwayyed, IT Corporation

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Incineration Systems and Energy Recovery for Hazardous Hydrocarbons and Salt 647Olavo Cunha Leite, T-Thermal® Company

Properties of Energy Recovery by Combustion of Industrial Waste and Coal Premix Fuels 653Motohiro Kondoh and Masataka Yamaguchi, Toyota Motor Corp.; Shigekatsu Mori, Nagoya University

Model Predictive Control and On-Line Optimization of a Selective Catalytic Reactor forNOx Removal in Incineration Plants 661M. Rovaglio, D. Manca, M.G. Berretta and F. Rusconi, CIIC - Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale edIngegneria Chimica "G. Natta"

Specific Problems of Batch Operated Incineration Systems 669Roland Berger and Giinter Baumbach, University of Stuttgart

Shipboard Integrated Liquid Discharge System Concept 675Stuart H. Brown, Earl B. White and Tracy L. Chaney, Naval Surface Warfare Center; Richard Garman, A&TEngineering Technologies

SESSION 19 — CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN: METALSChair: Gary Hinshaw, Midwest Research InstituteCochair: David Alburty, Midwest Research InstituteTrace Metals Behavior During the Thermal Treatment of Paper-Mill Sludge 681Charles Holbert and JoAnn S. Lighty, University of Utah

Study on Metal Species Partitioning Along the Flue Gas Path in Combustion of Bituminous Coal andDry Sewage Sludge 689R. Cenni, University of Stuttgart; F. Frandsen, Technical University of Denmark; T. Gerhardt, H. Spliethoff,K.R.G. Hein, University of Stuttgart

Volatilization of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides from Soil Heated in an Induction "Cold" Crucible Melter 699A.S. Aloy, V.Z. Belov and A.S. Trofimenko, Khlopin Radium Institute; S.A. Dmitriev and S.V. Stefanovsky, SIA"Radon "; D. Gombert, Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies

Effects of Waste Compositions on Vaporization Behavior of Cs in Plasma Melting Process ofSimulated Low Level Radioactive Wastes 703Shinji Yasui, Kazuo Adachi and Tadashi Amakawa, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Characteristics of Mercury Desorption from Spent Sorbents During Regeneration at Elevated Temperatures 709T.C. Ho, P. Yang, K.S. Wang andJ.R. Hopper, Lamar University

The Development of a Method for the Speciation of Source Mercury Emissions 715Jeffrey J. Giglio, James A. O'Rourke and Peter M. Grohse, Research Triangle Institute; Frank W. Wilshire,Jeffrey V. Ryan and William P. Linak, USEPA; Behrooz Ghorishi, ARCADIS Geraghty & Miller

SESSION 20 — TRIAL BURN EXPERIENCEChair: Elisabeth Poncelet, ADEME - AngersCochair: C.B. Leger, Praxair

Trial Burn Activities for a Mixed Waste Incinerator 723Marcia B. Birk, Westinghouse Savannah River Company

Maintaining Inventory Control and Demonstration Compliance at the Consolidated Incineration Facility 727Alan E. Carvo and Anne C. Lovell, RCS Corporation

Case Study, Comparison of Trial Burn Results from Similar Sulfuric Acid Regeneration Plants 733Michael Milaszewski and Thomas Johns, Rhodia Inc.; W. Floyd Dicker son, Rhodia Inc.

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Overview of Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Trial Burn Testing Program at theKalama Chemical Facility, Kalama, Washington 737Karl Jolin, Kalama Chemical, Inc.; Kevin Jackson, Michael Mowery, IT Corporation

SESSION 21 — SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATIONChair: Maribel Soto, Office of Naval ResearchCochair: Eugene L. Keating, Geo-Centers, Inc.

An Economic Evaluation of Supercritical Water Oxidation as an Alternative to Incineration 743Dick Lyon, ECO Waste Technologies; Richard Ullrich, WastePro Engineering Inc.

Supercritical Water Oxidation for Colored Smokes and Dyes 747Steven F. Rice, Brent L. Haroldsen and Mary Clare Stoddard, Sandia National Laboratories; K.S. Ahluwalia,Foster Wheeler Development Corporation; Crane D. Robinson, U.S. Army ARDEC

Hydrothermal Oxidation (HTO) for the Destruction of Shipboard Wastes 753M. Soto and A. Lardis, Office of Naval Research

Destruction of Shipboard Hazardous Materials Using Hydrothermal Oxidation 757K.S. Ahluwalia and Paul J. Crooker, Foster Wheeler Development Corporation; Len Schoenman, GenCorpAerojet

Design and Operational Data for Large-Scale HTO Systems 763D.A. Hazlebeck, K.W. Downey, D.W. Ordway, A.J. Roberts, J.P. Elliott and MM. Spritzer, General Atomics

Hydrothermal Oxidation of Navy Excess Hazardous Materials 769

Larry S. Cohen, Stone & Webster; Dan Jensen, Gary Lee and David W. Ordway, General Atomics

AUTHOR INDEX 775

ATTENDEE LIST 779

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