Conf.-801055

167442

Proceedings of the DOEThermal and Chemical StorageAnnual Contractor's Review Meeting

October 14-16,1980Westpark Hotel

McLean, Virginia

Sponsored by:U.S. Department of EnergyAssistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable EnergyOffice of Advanced Conservation TechnologiesUnder Contract No. AC02-76CH00016

•" NATIONAL TECHNICAL TIB/UB Hannover

INFORMATION SERVICE 38IZP,2S&mIIS. DEPARTMENT OF COJHJJMK mmm lll"IIIMI11

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE

Overview of the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Program 1M. Gurevich

U. S. Department of Energy

ORNL Thermal Energy Storage Program Overview 3J. F. Martin

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

I-A. BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING APPLICATIONS

Simulation and Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy StorageHeat Pump SystemsT. W. Sigmon, J. H. Davidson and J. M. Doster

Research Triangle Institute

J. F. Martin

Oak Ridge National LaboratoryJ. A. Edwards

North Carolina State University

Design and Demonstration of a Storage-Assisted Air ConditioningSystem .

, 11J. E. Rizzuto

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

Experimental Evaluation of Thermal Energy Storage: Status Report ....15

H. N. Hersh

Argonne National Laboratory

Development of an Optimum Process for Electron Beam

Crosslinking of High Density Polyethylene Pellets 13

I. 0. Salyer and J. E. Davidson, Ph.D.

University of Dayton Research Institute

i£

Thermal Energy Storage Test Facility ......... 22

M. P. Ternes

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Crawl Space-Assisted Heat Pump 24

M. P. Ternes

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Mathematical Modeling of Moving Boundary Problems

in Thermal Energy Storage 28

A. D. Solomon

Union Carbide Corporation

Distributed Thermal Energy Storage in the Residential Sector:

Commercialization Readiness Assessment and Implemenation Strategy .... 31

R. F. Giese

Argonne National Laboratory

Thermal Energy Storage Testing Facility 33

R„ J. Schoenhals, C. P. Lin, H. F. Kuehlert and S. H. Anderson

Purdue University

Survey of the Thermal Storage Installations in the United

States and Canada 37

H. G. Lorsch

Franklin Research Center

Olivine-Based Heat Storage Refractories 39

B. M. Gay, H. Palmour, III and R. L. Cochrane

North Carolina State University

Performance of Stratified Thermal Storage System for Oliver

Springs Elementary School: Progress Report .44

R. L. Reid and A. F. G. BedingerThe University of Tennessee

ii

I-B. THERMAL STORAGE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENTS

The SERI Solar Energy Storage Program 47C. E. WymanSolar Energy Research Institute

Direct Contact Heat Transfer for Thermal Energy Storage 50

J. D. WrightSolar Energy Research Institute

Systems Analysis of Thermal Storage 54

R. J. CopelandSolar Energy Research Institute

Cost and Performance of Thermal Storage Concepts in Solar

Thermal Systems 58

A. W. McKenzie

Stearns-Roger Services, Inc.

High-Temperature Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage Systemsfor Solar Applications 60

R. J. Petri and T. D. Claar

Institute of Gas Technology

Active Heat Exchange - System Development for Latent Heat

Thermal Energy Storage ^5

J. Alario and R. Haslett

Grumman Aerospace Corporation

1980 Report on NRL Energy Storage Program 68

T. Chubb, R. Veith, J. J. Nemecek and D. E. SimmonsNaval Research Laboratory

Heat Storage in Alloy Transformation 73

C. E. Birchenall

University of Delaware

iii

Thermal Energy Storage for Residential Energy Conservation 79

D. GoldenbergTRW, Inc.

I-C. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR SOLAR THERMAL APPLICATIONS

Solar Thermal Power Storage Applications Lead Laboratory

Overview •

L. G. Radosevich

Sandia National Laboratories

Molten Nitrate Salt Materials Studies 89

R. W. CarlingSandia National Laboratories

Molten Nitrate Salt Chemistry Studies 95

S. H. White, U. M. Twardock and M. M. Bower

EIC Laboratories, Inc.

Mass-Transfer Characteristics of Nitrate-Based Salt Mixtures ...... 99

J. H. DeVan and P. F. Tortorelli

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Corrosion Behavior of Alloys 102

R. A. Osteryoung and H. Fernandez

State University of New York at Buffalo

Status Report of Thermocline Thermal Energy StorageStudies at Sandia National Laboratories 104

R. J. Gross and R. W. HarriganSandia National Laboratories

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Thermocline Degradation 109S. Chaney, N. Hayden and J. A. C. HumphreyUniversity of California, Berkeley

Dish-Mounted Latent Heat Buffer Storage 113

R. Manvi

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

iv

Storage Requirements Definition and SRE Design for Dish

Stirling Systems 118

W. F. Zimmerman, L. E. Stacy and G. C. WeslingGeneral Electric Company

Thermal Energy Buffer Storage for the Small Community Solar

Thermal Power Experiment 123

R. E. Polzien

Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation

I-D. UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT - INDUSTRIAL

Application of Thermal Energy Storage to Process Heat

Recovery in the Aluminum Industry 129

L. B. Katter

Rocket Research Company

Collection and Dissemination of Thermal Energy Storage

System Information for the Pulp and Paper Industry 133

H. Edde. Ph.D.

Howard Edde, Inc.

Applications of Thermal Energy Storage to "Waste Heat

Recovery in the Food Processing Industry 137G. J. Treblicox

H. J. Heinz CompanyW. L. Lundberg

Westirighouse Electric Corporation

Once-Through Heat Supply System for City of Bellingham 138

I. Oliker

Burns and Roe, Inc.

II. CHEMICAL-HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE

Overview of the Chemical /Hydrogen Energy Systems (C/HES)Program 141

F. Gornick

U. S. Department of Energy

v

Status Report on the International Energy Agency's (IEA)

Hydrogen Production Program

J. H. Swisher

U. S. Department of Energy

Chemical/Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems

D. S. Miller

U. S. Department of Energy, Brookhaven Area Office

A. Mezzina

Brookhaven National Laboratory

II-A. CHEMICAL HEAT PUMP

The Sulfuric Acid/Water Chemical Heat Pump/Energy Storage Program .... 150

E. C. Clark, D. K. Carlson and 0. M. MorganRocket Research Company

A Chemical Heat Pump Based on the Reaction of Calcium Chloride

and Methanol for Solar Heating, Cooling and Storage 154P. O'D. Offenhartz

EIC Laboratories, Inc.

A Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Chemical Heat Pumps 159W. R. Standley, R. Gorman, P. S. Moritz and

T. J. 0'Gorman

TRW Energy Systems Planning Division

Design and Performance of a Multitube Metal-Hydride Heat Pump 163J. M. Clinch, H. Abelson and J. S. Horowitz

Argonne National Laboratory

II-B. CHEMICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS

Hydride Chemical Compressor: Phase I

P. P. Turillon

Ergenics, MPD Technology CorporationF. E. LynchHydrogen Consultants, Inc.

R. A. Nye

Denver Research Institute

167

vi

Development Status of a Metal Hydride Process for

Hydrogen Recovery 170

E. L. Huston

MPD. Technology Corporation

II-C. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Development Status of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water

Electrolysis for Large Scale Hydrogen Generation 172

J. H. Russell

General Electric Company

Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis 175

J. N. MurrayTeledyne Energy Systems

Static Feed Water Electrolysis for Large Scale

Hydrogen Generation •178

F. H. Schubert

Life Systems, Inc.

Selection and Evaluation of Materials for Advanced

Water Electrolysis 182

G, E. Stoner

University of VirginiaP. J. Moran

The Johns Hopkins University

Improved Alkaline Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells for Transportation

Applications ..... 188

S. Srinivasan, J. McBreen, G. Kissel, K. V. Kordesch,F. Kulesa, E. J. Taylor and E. Gannon

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Optical Constants of Single Crystals Ir02 and Ru02 and Their

Relation to Electronic Structure 193

A. Goel, G. Skorinko and F. H. Pollak

Brooklyn College of CUNY

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II-D. MATERIALS AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

Microcavity Storage Update - 1980197

R. J. Teitel

Robert J. Teitel Associates

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Energy-Storage Medium 201

G. Strickland

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Modification and Operation of the Hydrogen Homestead

Hydride Vessel Energy Storage System . .

204

R. E. Billings

Billings Energy Corporation

Hydrogen Microsphere Hazard Evaluation 211

R. G. Zalosh and S. N. BajpaiFactory Mutual Research Corporation

II-E. END-USE APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS

Hydropowered Electrolysis in New York State .........214

P. D. Mathusa and R. A. Wiley, Ph. D.

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

Il-F. ADVANCE PRODUCTION CONCEPTS

Study of the Behavior of Gas Distribution Equipment in

Hydrogen Service —Phase II ...218

W. J. Jasionowski and H. D. HuangInstitute of Gas Technology

II-G. NASA HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE TECHNICAL PROJECT

Containment Materials: Status and Summary 224

H. G. Nelson

NASA-Ames Research Center

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II-H. SYSTEMS STUDIES AND ASSESSMENT

Production Cost Comparisons of Hydrogen from Fossiland Nuclear Fuels and Water Decomposition 227K. R. Ekman

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

II-I. ADVANCED CONCEPTS HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Recent Work in Advanced Hydrogen Production Concepts 232D. D. Lawson

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Production of Hydrogen by Electron Transfer Catalysis UsingConventional and Photochemical Means

233D. P. Rillema

Jet Propulsion Laboratory and University of North Carolina

II-J. THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CYCLES

Progress Report on the Development of the General AtomicThermochemical Water-Splitting Process

237G. E. Besenbruch, C. L. Allen, L. C. Brown, K. McCorkle,Y. S. Rode, Y. H. Norman, P. Trester and R. SharpGeneral Atomic Company

The LASL Thermochemical Hydrogen Program Status on

September 30, 1980240

K. E. Cox, C. L. Peterson, W. M. Jones and M. BowmanLos Alamos Scientific Laboratory

Development Status of the Sulfur Cycle ElectrolysisTechnology 243P. W. T. Lu, R. L. Ammon and G. H. Parker

Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Studies on Thermochemical Water-Splitting Cycles 248R. J. Remick and S. E. Foh

Institute of Gas Technology

Progress in Thermochemical Hydrogen Production, 252

C. EnglandJet Propulsion Laboratory

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III. PROJECT SUMMARIES

Simulation and Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy

Storage/Heat Pump Systems

Research Triangle Institute •254

Storage Assisted Air Conditioning

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority,

Long Island Lighting Company and Institute of Energy Conversion 255

Experimental Evaluation of Thermal Energy Storage

Argonne National Laboratory * . . .256

Development of Optimum Process for Electron Beam Crosslinking of

High Density Polyethylene Thermal Energy Storage Pellets, Process

Scale-Up and Production of Application Quantities of Material

University of Dayton 257

Operation of a Thermal Energy Storage Test FacilityOak Ridge National Laboratory 258

Technology Development of Earth Storage

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 259

Mathematical and Physical Modeling for TES SubsystemsOak Ridge National Laboratory 260

Thermal Energy Storage Testing FacilityPurdue University „

262

Survey of Thermal Storage Installations in the United States and

Canada

Franklin Research Center 263

Evaluation of Olivine Ceramic Refractories for Thermal EnergyStorage Applications

,

North Carolina State University 264

Evaluation of Stratified Thermal Storage System for Oliver SpringsElementary School

The University of Tennessee . „ 265

The SERI Solar Energy Storage ProgramSolar Energy Research Institute , .,.,..,..

266

Latent Heat Storage Research

Solar Energy Research Institute 267

Systems Analysis of Thermal StorageSolar Energy Research Institute 268

x

Cost and Performance of Thermal Storage Concepts in Solar

Thermal Systems

Stearns-Roger Services, Inc 269

High Temperature Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage

Institute of Gas Technology 270

Active Heat Exchanger System Development for Latent Heat Thermal

Energy Storage SystemGrumman Aerospace Corporation 271

Heat-of-Fusion Energy Storage-Boiler Tank

Naval Research Laboratory 272

Heat Storage in Alloy Transformations

University of Delaware 273

Thermal Energy Storage for Residential Energy Conservation

TRW, Inc 274

Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Applications (TESSTA)Sandia National Laboratories 275

Molten Nitrate Salt Technology DevelopmentSandia National Laboratories 276

Molten Nitrate Salt Chemistry Studies

EIC Laboratories, Inc. 277

Mass-Transfer Characteristics of Nitrate-Based Salt Mixtures

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 278

Corrosion Behavior of AlloysState University of New York at Buffalo 279

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thermocline

Degradation

University of California, Berkeley 280

Dish Mounted Latent Heat Buffer StorageJet Propulsion Laboratory 281

Storage Requirements Definition and SEE Design for Dish

Stirling SystemsGeneral Electric Company 283

Thermal Storage Requirement Definition Studies for Task 10

of the Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment

Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation 284

Aluminum Waste Heat for Bellingham District HeatingRocket Research Company 285

xi

Collection and Dissemination of Thermal Energy Storage

System Information for the Pulp and Paper Industry

Howard Edde, Inc. Consulting Engineers 286

Applications of Thermal Energy Storage to Waste Heat

Recovery in the Food Processing Industry

Westinghouse Electric Corporation ...... . 288

Bellingham Project, Preliminary Assessment of the

Once-Through District Heating SystemBurns and Roe, Inc 289

International Energy Agency Program on Hydrogen Production

U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Thermal and

Mechanical Energy Storage Systems ..... 290

Sulfuric Acid/Water Chemical Heat PumpRocket Research Company ....... 291

Methanol-Based Heat Pump for Storage of Solar Thermal Energy

EIC Laboratories, Inc 292

A Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Several Chemical Heat

Pump Systems

TRW Energy Systems Planning Division ....... 293

HYCSOS Chemical Heat Pump and Energy Conversion SystemBased on Metal HydridesArgonne National Laboratory 294

Hydrogen Chemical CompressorErgenics Division, MPD Technology Corporation ....

295

Development of a Commercial Metal Hydride Process for

Hydrogen RecoveryErgenics Division, MPD Technology Corporation ........ 296

Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyzer TechnologyDevelopmentGeneral Electric Company 297

Advanced Alkaline Water ElectrolysisTeledyne Energy Systems 298

Static Feed Water Electrolysis for Large Scale HydrogenGeneration

Life Systems, Inc, 299

Selection and Evaluation of Materials for AdvancedWater ElectrolyzersUniversity of Virginia 300

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Analysis of Vehicle Systems Using Hydrogen Storage/Alkaline Fuel Cell TechnologyBrookhaven National Laboratory 301

Optical and Electrocatalytic Investigations of Oxides

of Ruthenium and Iridium

Brooklyn College, CUNY 302

Microcavity Hydrogen StorageRovert J. Teitel Associates 303

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Energy-Storage MediumBrookhaven National Laboratory 304

Modification and Operation of The Hydrogen Homestead

Hydride Vessel Energy Storage SystemBillings Energy Corporation 305

Hydrogen Microsphere Safety StudyFactory Mutual Research Corporation 306

Hydrogen Production from Small Hydropower Sites

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. 307

Study of the Behavior of Gas Distribution Equipment in

Hydrogen Service - Phase II

Institute of Gas Technology 308

Hydrogen Containment Materials

NASA-Ames Research Center 309

Production Cost Comparisons of Hydrogen from Fossil

and Nuclear Fuels and Water DecompositionJet Propulsion Laboratory 310

Advanced Hydrogen Production ConceptsJet Propulsion Laboratory . 311

Production of Hydrogen by Electron Transfer CatalysisUsing Conventional and Photochemical MeansJet Propulsion Laboratory 312

Thermochemical Water-Splitting ProgramGeneral Atomic Company 313

Thermochemical Processes for Hydrogen ProductionLos Alamos Scientific Laboratory 314

Sulfur Cycle Hydrogen Production Process

Westinghouse Electric Corporation 315

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Studies on Thermochemical Water-Splitting CyclesInstitute of Gas Technology 316

Thermochemical Hydrogen Production ManagementJet Propulsion Laboratory ..... 317

IV. REVIEW COMMITTEE 318

V. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS319

VI. DINNER ADDRESS BY J. P. CONTZEN 329

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