PROCEEDINGS

ICIP-94/1

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Volume III of HI

November 13-16, 1994Austin Convention Center

Austin, Texas

Sponsored by

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Signal Processing Society

IEEE Computer Society PressLos Alamitos, California

Washington Brussels • Tokyo

Contents Volume

ICIP-94 Organizing Committee HiTechnical Program Committee liii

Plenary:Radio Astronomical Imaging from Coherence Data 1

George W. Swenson, Jr.,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

WAO: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Chair:Z.-P. Liang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Reconstructing Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Images Using Spatial Domain Priors 6E.M. Stokely and D.B. Twieg,University of Alabama at Birmingham

Alternative K-Space Sampling Distributions for MR Spectroscopic Imaging 11S.K. Plevritis and A. Macovski,Stanford University

Novel Sampling Schemes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 15X. Hu, T. Parrish, and M. Patel,University of Minnesota

Optimized Data Acquisition, Reconstruction and Postprocessing Techniquesfor Quantitative Sodium Imaging 20

F.E. Boada, J.S. Gillen, and K.R. Thulborn,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Toward a Neuroscope: A Real-Time Imaging System for Evaluation of Brain Function 25C.S. Potter, Z.-P. Liang, CD. Gregory, H.D. Morris, andP.C. Lauterbur, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Locally Focused Magnetic Resonance Imaging 30Y. Cao and D. N. Levin,University of Chicago

Acquisition of the Karhunen-Loeve Expansion to Reduce MR Imaging Times 35J.B. Weaver and D.M. Healy, Jr.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Theory, Simulation and Compensation of Physiological Motion Artifacts in Functional MRI 40D.C. Noll and W. Schneider,University of Pittsburgh

A Moving Target: Evaluating Algorithms for Removing MRI Motion Artifacts 45M. Smith, J. Zeng, and A. Crawley,University of Calgary

Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation Using Optimized Nearest Neighbor Classifiers 49H. Yan, J. Mao, Y. Zhu, and B. Chen,University of Sidney

WA1: Motion Estimation — Model Based

Chair:T. Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Estimation and Segmentation of Displacement Field using Multiple Features 53Sanghoon Sull, NASA Ames Research Center; and Narendra Ahuja,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Recursive Estimation of Camera Motion from Uncalibrated Image Sequences 58Stefano Soatto, California Institute of Technology; and Pietro Perona,Caltech and Universita di Padova

A Kalman Filter in Motion Analysis from Stereo Image Sequences ... 63J.N. Pan and Y.Q. Shi, New Jersey Institute of Technology; andC. Q. Shu, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.

Stable Estimation of Image Orientation 68Leif Haglund, Linkoping University; and David J. Fleet,Queen's University

Simultaneous Motion-Disparity Estimation and Segmentation from Stereo 73Yucel Altunbasak, A. Murat Tekalp, and Gozde Bozdagi,University of Rochester

Virtual Motion: 3-D Scene Recovery using Focal Length-Induced Optic Flow 78Bijan G. Mobasseri and Sivakumar Doraiswamy, Villanova University

A Method to Interpret 3D Motion using Neural Networks 83Arata Miyauchi andAkira Watanabe, Musashi Institute of Technology; andMinami Miyauchi, Sanno College

Robust Tracking of Stochastic Deformable Models in Long Image Sequences 88Charles Kervrann and Fabrice Heitz, IRISA/INRIA

Pose Estimation of Human Face using Synthesized Model Images 93Akitoshi Tsukamoto and Chil-Woo Lee, Laboratories of Image Information,Science & Technology; and Saburo Tsuji, Osaka University

Analysis-Based Facial Expression Synthesis 98Li-an Tang and Thomas S. Huang, University of Illinois atUrbana- Champaign

WA2: Fractal Image Coding

Chair:M. Kunt, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

On the Problem of Convergence in Fractal Coding Schemes 103Bernd Hurtgen and Stephan F. Simon,Aachen University of Technology

Fractal Coding of a Multi-View 3-D Image 107Takeshi Naemura and Hiroshi Harashima,University of Tokyo

A New Image Coding Technique Unifying Fractal and Transform Coding 112Kai Uwe Barthel, Jorg Schuttemeyer, Thomas Voye, and Peter Noll,Technische Universitat Berlin

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Fractal Image Coding as Generalized Predictive Coding 117David W. Lin, National Chiao Tung University

Fractal-Based Techniques for a Generalized Image Coding Method 122Mohammad Gharavi-Alkhansari and Thomas S. Huang, University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign

Iterative Collage Coding for Fractal Compression 127Jaroslaw Domaszewicz and Vinay A. Vaishampayan,Texas A &M University

Image Coding Based on Fractal Approximation and Vector Quantization 132I.K. Kim and R.-H. Park, Sogang University

Multi-resolution Tree Search for Iterated Transformation Theory-Based Coding 137Masayuki Kawamata, Masaki Nagahisa, and Tatsuo Higuchi,Tohoku University

Parameter Quantization in Fractal Image Coding 142Geir E. Oien, Rogaland University Center

WA3: Image Restoration II

Chair:I. Sezan, Eastman Kodak

Two Approaches for Image-Processing Based High Resolution Image Acquisition 147Y. Nakazawa, T. Saito, T. Komatsu, and T. Sekimori, Kanagawa University;K. Aizawa, University of Tokyo

Orientation-sensitive Image Processing with A/-lattice: A Novel Nonlinear Dynamical System 152Alex Sherstinsky and Rosalind W. Picard, MIT

Errorless Restoration Algorithms for Band-limited Images 157Paulo Jorge S.G. Ferreira and Armando J. Pinho,Universidade de Aveiro

A Mixture-Site Model for Edge-Preserving Image Restoration 162Jeffrey A. Fessler, University of Michigan

A Simple Algorithm for Joint Blur Identification and Image Restoration 167Yu-Li You and M. Kaveh, University of Minnesota

Computation of Bayesian Estimators for Markov Random Field Image ModelsUsing the Cluster Approximation 172

Chi-hsin Wu and Peter C. Doerschuk, Purdue University

Map and Regularized Constrained Total Least-Squares Image Restoration 177Vladimir Z. Mesarovic and Nikolas P. Galatsanos,Illinois Institute of Technology

Convex Set Theoretic Image Recovery via Chaotic Iterations of Approximate Projections 182P.L. Combettes, City College of New York

Multiscale Adaptive Image Restoration in the Wavelet Domain 187Mark R. Banham, Motorola, Inc.; andAggelos K. Katsaggelos,Northwestern University

Gradient-Projection Blind Deconvolution 192Yongyi Yang, N. P. Galatsanos, and Henry Stark,Illinois Institute of Technology

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WA4: Image Processing Applications

Chair:P. Silsbee, Old Dominion University

Improving the Picture Quality of Cable Television 197Pingnan Shi and Rabab K. Ward,University of British Columbia

Automatic Interpretation of Cadasters by Image Analysis Techniques 202C.C. Hsieh, H.W. Chao, B. Chen, andP.H. Shih,Institute for Information Industry

Generation of Sketch Map Drawing from Vectorized Image 207Noboru Babaguchi, Kiyoshi Tanaka, and Tadahiro Kitahashi,Osaka University

Tracking and Counting Moving People 212M. Rossi and A. Bozzoli, IRST

View Planning for Verification using Machine Vision 217Lester A. Gerhardt and Kwangik Hyun,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Hand-Eye Coordination of a Robot Manipulator Based on Fuzzy Logic 221Sukir S. Kumaresan and Hua Harry Li, Texas Tech University

Storm Tracking in Doppler Radar Images 226D. Krezeski, R. E. Mercer, andJ.L. Barron,University of Western Ontario; P. Joe, King City Radar Station; andH. Zhang, University of Western Ontario

Extracting Curvilinear Features from Remotely Sensed Images usingMinimum Cost Path Techniques 231

M.R. Dobie and P.H. Lewis, University of Southampton

Automated Analysis of Radar Imagery of Venus: Handling Lack of Ground Truth 236M.C. Burl, Usama M. Fayyad, Pietro Perona, and Padhraic Smyth,California Institute of Technology

Image Analysis and Application Systems in Quality Evaluation andPrediction for Meat and Live Meat Animals 241

Hui L. Zhang, Doyle E. Wilson, and Gene H. Rouse,Iowa State University

WA5: Hierarchical Video Coding

Chair:J. Woods, Rensselaer Polytechnic University

A RO1 Approach for Hybrid Image Sequence Coding 245Eric Nguyen, Claude Labit, and J-M. Odobez,IRISA/INRIA

Motion-Compensated 3-D Subband Coding with MultiresolutionRepresentation of Motion Parameters 250

Jens-Rainer Ohm, Technische Universitat Berlin

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Three Dimensional Subband Video Analysis and Synthesis with AdaptiveClustering in High Frequency Subbands 255

Jiebo Luo, Chang Wen Chen, and Kevin J. Parker, University of Rochester; andThomas S. Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Hierarchical Motion Estimation with 2-Scale Tilings 260Baldine-Brunel Paul, Georgia Institute of Technology; andEric Viscito, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center

Fast and Efficient Techniques for Motion Estimation using Subband Analysis 265Shrikanth S. Narayanan, University of California, Los Angeles;Homayoun Shahri, Donald J. Youtkus, and Minsky Luo, AT&T Bell Laboratories

Motion Estimation Based on Markov Random Fields 270B. Rouchouze, P. Mathieu, T. Gaidon, and M. Barlaud,CNRS UNSA

An Efficient Algorithm for Hierarchical Compression of Video 275Mohan Vishwanath and Phil Chou,Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

Low-Bit Rate Subband Video Coding 280Christine Podilchuk, AT&T Bell Laboratories

Multi-resolution Based Algorithms for Low Bit-rate Image Coding 285Kwong H. Goh, John J. Soraghan, and Tariq S. Durrani,University of Strathclyde

WA6: Computed Imaging

Chair:M. Kaveh, University of Minnesota

Three Dimensional Reconstructions of Brains from 2-deoxyglucose Serial Section Autoradiographs 290Andreas Hess and Henning Scheich,Federal Institute for Neurobiology

Object Wavefunction Reconstruction in High Resolution Electron Microscopy 295D. Van Dyck and M. Op de Beeck, University of Antwerp; W. Coene,Philips Research Laboratories

A Method to Improve the Lateral Resolution of Ultrasonic Intravascular Imaging 299Hou Chao Huan and Jiang Hui,Chinese Academy of Sciences

Edge Detection in Ultrasound Speckle Noise 304RichardN. Czerwinski, Douglas L. Jones, and William D. O'Brien, Jr.,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Identification of Events from 3D Volumes of Seismic Data 309Peter Tu, Andrew Zisserman, Iain Mason, and Ingemar Cox,Oxford University

Phase-Error Correction for Coherent Array Imaging Systems 314Timothy J. Schulz, Michigan Technological University

On Implementation of Adaptive Local Coordinate Transformations in Optical Image Processing 319Y.B. Karasik, Carleton University

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WA7: Wavelet Image Coding

Chair:M. Barlaud, CNRS UNSA

Wavelet Packets-Based Image Coding using Joint Space-frequency Quantization 324Zixiang Xiong, Kannan Ramchandran, and Michael T. Orchard,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; andKohtaro Asai, Mitsubishi Electric Corp.

Wavelet Packet Coding with Jointly Optimized Lattice Vector Quantization andData Rate Allocation 329

Patrice Onno and Christine Guillemot, CCETT

Nonseparable Orthogonal Linear Phase Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks andTheir Application to Image Compression 334

Shankar Venkataraman and Bernard C. Levy,University of California, Davis

A Tree Structured Bayesian Scalar Quantizer for Wavelet Based Image Compression 339Birsen Yazici, Mary L. Comer, R. L. Kashyap, and Edward J. Delp,Purdue University

Adaptive Image Coding Based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform 343H. Jafarkhani, N. Farvardin, and C.-C. Lee,University of Maryland

Coding Gain and Spatial Localisation Properties of Discrete WaveletTransform Filter Banks for Image Coding 348

J.P. Andrew, P.O. Ogunbona, and F.J. Paoloni,University of Wollongong

Optimal Selection of Multi-dimensional Biorthogonal Wavelet Bases 353Michael G. Strintzis, University of Thessaloniki

Adaptive Wavelet Coding of Images 358James H. Kasner and Michael W. Marcellin,University of Arizona

Classified Wavelet Transform Coding of Images using Two-ChannelConjugate Vector Quantization 363

Young Huh, J.J. Hwang, and K.R. Rao,University of Texas at Arlington

Adaptive Spline-Wavelet Image Encoding and Real-Time Synthesis 368P.C. Marais, E.H. Blake, andA.A.M. Kuijk,Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica

Lossless Progressive Transmission of Scientific Data using Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform 373Hai Tao and Robert J. Moorhead,Mississippi State University

Digital Image Compression Based on Non-stationary and InhomogeneousMultiresolution Analyses 378

Andreas Uhl, University of Salzburg

WA8: Image Texture Modeling and Synthesis

Chair:R. Chellappa, University of Maryland at College Park

A Correlation Structure Based Approach to Neighborhood Selection inRandom Field Models of Texture Images 383

AUreza Khotanzad and Jesse W. Bennett,Southern Methodist University

An Adaptive Approach for Texture Modelling 388Michael T. Johnson and Mita D. Desai,University of Texas at San Antonio

Image Modeling using Inverse Filtering Criteria with Application to Texture Images 392Thomas E. Hall and Georgios B. Giannakis,University of Virginia

Modeling and Estimation for a Class of Multiresolution Random Fields 397Peyman Milanfar, SRI International; Robert R. Tenney,Robert B. Washburn, and Alan S. Willsky, Alphatech Inc.

Texture Analysis using Partially Ordered Markov Models 402Jennifer L. Davidson, Ashit Talukder, and Noel Cressie,Iowa State University

Transform Features for Texture Classification and Discrimination in Large Image Databases 407John R. Smith and Shih-Fu Chang,Columbia University

Multiscale Image Texture Analysis in Wavelet Spaces 412M.H. Gross, R. Koch, L. Lippert, and A. Dreger, ETH-Zurich

Multi-resolution Texture Analysis of Self-Similar Textures usingHierarchical Gaussian Markov Random Field Models 417

J. Samarabandu and R. Acharya,State University of New York at Buffalo

Demodulation of Images Modeled by Amplitude-Frequency Modulations usingMultidimensional Energy Separation 421

Petros Maragos, Georgia Institute of Technology; and Alan C. Bovik,University of Texas at Austin

Critical Markov Random Fields and Fractional Brownian Motion in Texture Synthesis 426Raja Ghozi and Bernard C. Levy,University of California, Davis

An Application of the Bivariate Pseudolikelihood to Texture Synthesis 431Carmen Olga Acuna, Bucknell University

Texture Analysis using a Generalised Wavelet Transform 436Tao-l Hsu and Roland Wilson,University of Warwick

Separability Based Tree Structured Local Basis Selection for Texture Classification 441Kamran Etemad and Rama Chellappa,University of Maryland at College Park

Texture Classification using Statistical Geometrical Features 446Yan Qiu Chen, Mark S. Nixon, and David W. Thomas,University of Southampton

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Likelihood-Based Texture Discrimination with Multiscale Stochastic Models 451Mark R. Luettgen, Alphatech Inc.; Alan S. Willsky, MIT;Thomas G. Allen and Robert R. Tenney, Alphatech Inc.

WA9: Image Segmentation

Chair:M. Crawford, University of Texas at Austin

Eigenstructure Approach to Region Detection and Segmentation 456Tianhu Lei and Wilfred Sewchand,University of Maryland at Baltimore

Watershed-Driven Relaxation Labeling for Image Segmentation 460Michael W. Hansen, David Sarnoff Research Center; andWilliam E. Higgins, Pennsylvania State University

A Comparison of Resolution Requirements for Boundary Estimation fromBinary and Grey Scale Images 465

Sally L. Wood, Santa Clara University

A Region-Region and Region-Edge Cooperative Approach of Image Segmentation 470R. Kara Falah and Ph. Bolon, Universite de Savoie;J.P. Cocquerez, ETIS/ENSEA

Segmentation of Object Surfaces using the Haar Wavelet at Multiple Resolutions 475James T. Miller and C. C. Li, University of Pittsburgh

Anisotropic Diffusion Pyramids for Image Segmentation 478Scott T. Acton, Oklahoma State University; Alan C. Bovik andMelbaM. Crawford, University of Texas at Austin

Image Segmentation Based on Multiresolution Filtering 483Jing Zhou, Xiang Fang, and Bijoy K. Ghosh,Washington University

Three Dimensional Segmentation of Volume Data 488Russell E. Muzzolini, Yee-Hong Yang, and Roger Pierson,University of Saskatchewan

A Knowledge-Based Approach to Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation 493Chang Wen Chen, Jiebo Luo, and Kevin J. Parker, University of Rochester;Thomas S. Huang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Interactive Segmentation of Multi-Dimensional Medical Data withContour-Based Application of Genetic Algorithms 498

S. Cagnoni, University of Florence and MIT; A. B. Dobrzeniecki andJ.C. Yanch, MIT; R. Poli, University of Florence

3-D Range Images Segmentation Based on Deriche's Optimum Filters 503M. Djebali, M. Melkemi, and D. Vandorpe,Universite Claude Bernard

Variational Segmentation of Multi-Channel MRI Images 508Homer H. Pien, C.S. Draper Laboratory and Northeastern University; andJohn M. Gauch, University of Kansas

Integration of a Part Segmentation Based Vision System 513M. Bennamoun and B. Boashash,Queensland University of Technology

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Face Segmentation using Fuzzy Reasoning 518C.C. Chibelushi, F. Deravi, andJ.S. Mason, University of Wales

WPO: Medical Imaging Modalities

Chairs:J.U. Quistgaard, Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc.T.J. Schulz, Michigan Technological University

Signal Acquisition and Processing for Magnetic Resonance Imaging 523Graham A. Wright, University of Toronto

Computational Optical Sectioning Microscopy for 3D Quantification ofCell Motion: Results and Challenges 528

James G. McNally, Washington University

Ultrasonic Image Formation: Implications for the Image Processing Practitioner 533Jens U. Quistgaard, Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc.

*Single-Photon Emission Computed TomographyBenjamin M. W. Tsui,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

X-ray Crystallographic Imaging 538Peter C. Doerschuk, Purdue University

Positron Emission Tomography: Physical Models and Reconstruction Issues 543John Ollinger, Washington University

Imaging the Electrical Activity of the Heart: Direct and Inverse Approaches 548Dana H. Brooks, Northeastern University; and Robert S. MacLeod,University of Utah

WP1: Interpolation and Spatial Transformation

Chair:M. Unser, National Institutes of Health

Reconstruction of a High Resolution Image from Registration andRestoration of Low Resolution Images 553

Brian C. Tom and Aggelos K. Katsaggelos, Northwestern University; andNikolas P. Galatsanos, Illinois Institute of Technology

Affine Transformations of Images: A Least Squares Formulation 558Michael Unser, Matthew A. Neimark, and Chulhee Lee,National Institutes of Health

An Advanced Interpolation for Synthetical Animation 562Sophie-Anne Thobie, LIMSI-CNRS

A New ID FFT-Based Algorithm for Computing the MD FFT on Arbitrary Lattices 567R. Bernardini, G.M. Cortelazzo, and G.A. Mian,Universita di Padova

Performance Analysis of the TLS Algorithm for Image Reconstruction from aSequence of Undersampled Noisy and Blurred Frames 571

N.K. Bose, H.C. Kim, andB. Zhou,Pennsylvania State University

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Registering Retinal Images using Automatically Selected Control Point Pairs 576William E. Hart and Michael H. Goldbaum,University of California, San Diego

An FIR Image Interpolation Filter Design Method Based on Properties of Human Vision 581Hong Chen and Gary E. Ford, University of California, Davis

New Overlapped Block Reconstruction for Tree-Structured Decomposition of Images 586B. Simon and B. Macq,Universite Catholique de Louvain

WP2: Video Signal Processors

Chair:T. Hsing, Bell Communications Research

A Novel Image Sensor for Video Compression 591K. Aizawa, H. Ohno, T. Hamamoto, andM. Hatori, University of Tokyo;J. Yamazaki, NHK

A 1.2 Billion Operations per Second Video Signal Processing Chip 596Rob Yates, Stephen Evans, and Peter A. Ivey,University of Sheffield

A General Purpose, Single Chip Video Signal Processing (VSP)Architecture for Image Processing, Coding and Computer Vision 601

J. Goodenough, R.J. Meacham, J.D. Morris, N.L. Seed, and P.A. Ivey,University of Sheffield

Full Custom VLSI Implementation of High-Speed 2-D DCT/IDCT Chip 606Vishnu Srinivasan and K.J. Ray Liu,University of Maryland at College Park

An Algorithm-Driven Processor Design for Video Compression 611Stephen Molloy, Brian Schoner, Avanindra Madisetti, and Rajeev Jain,University of California, Los Angeles; Roy Matic, Hughes Research Labs

Real Time Video Architecture of a Texture Generator for Digital Video Production 616H. Pavie, M. Rebiai, and F. Pinson, Thomson Broadcast; A. Smolarz,Universite de Technologie de Compiegne

Image Content Based Improvements to Locally Adaptive Video Enhancement 621Richard G. Hier and Sherman E. DeForest,DigiVision, Inc.

WP3: Architectures

Chair:J. Ghosh, University of Texas at Austin

Very High Speed Entropy Coding 625Martin Boliek, James D. Allen, Edward L. Schwartz, andMichael J. Gormish, RICOH California Research Center

Real-Time Hough/Radon Transform: Algorithm and Architectures 630Vladimir A. Shapiro and Valentin H. Ivanov,Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

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Active Motion Detection and Object Tracking 635Joachim Denzler and Dietrich W.R. Paulus,Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg

A Massively Parallel Implementation of Fractal Image Compression 640Min Xue, ESIGETEL and Universite de Paris Sud;Timothy Hanson, ESIGETEL and Gallaudet University; andAlain Merigot, Universite de Paris Sud

SIMD Parallel Calculation of Distance Transformations 645Jouko Viitanen and Jarmo Takala, VTTAutomation

Two-Dimensional Vector Median Filters on Mesh Connected Computers 650G. Angelopoulos and I. Pitas, University of Thessaloniki

PAPRICA-3: A Real-Time Morphological Image Processor 654A. Broggi and G. Conte, Universita di Parma; G. Burzio, Centro RicercheFIAT; L. Lavagno, F. Gregoretti, and C. Sansoe, Politecnico di Torino; andL.M. Reyneri, Universita di Pisa

A Highly Reconfigurable Neighborhood Image Processor Based on Functional Programming 659Neucimar J. Leite, University of Campinas; and Marcelo A. de Barros,Universidade Federal da Paraiba

Design and Implementation of a Programmable Stack Filter 664Prasad V. Lakamsani, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology;Ruikang Yang, Tampere University of Technology; Bing Zeng andMing L. Liou, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

A Programmable Parallel Huffman Decoder 668Belle W. Y. Wei and Teresa H-Y Meng, Stanford University

Programmable Image Processing in a Memory Controller 672Ihtisham Kabir, Michael Hsieh, Walt Donovan, Aman Jabbi, andWilliam Radke, Sun Microsystems Inc.

HART, A Heterogeneous Architecture for Real-Time Prototyping,Development and Implementation of Machine Vision Applications 676

J. Goodenough, A.J. Shelley, and N.L. Seed, University of Sheffield

MJMD Image Analysis with Local Agents 681James J. Clark and Robert P. Hewes, Harvard University

WP4: Biomedical Image Processing

Chair:C. Chen, University of Rochester

Matching Deformable Atlas Models to Preprocessed Magnetic Resonance Brain Images 686Stephanie Sandor and Richard Leahy,University of Southern California

Model-Based Automatic Recognition of Blood Vessels from MR Images and its3D Visualization 691Qian Huang, IBM Almaden Research Center; and George C. Stockman,Michigan State University

A New Similarity Criterion for Retinal Image Registration 696Ana Maria Mendonca andAurelio Campilho, INEB and FEUP/DEEC;Jose Manuel Rodrigues Nunes, INEB and Hospital Geral de S. Antonio

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A Novel Method for Scattered Radiation Compensation in X-Ray ImagingSystems, using Partially Transparent Shields (PTS) 701

C. Fivez and P. Wambacq, Katholieke Univ. Leuven; P. Vuylsteke andE. Schoeters, AGFA-Gavaert N.V.; and A. Oosterlink, Katholieke Univ. Leuven

Morphological Classification of Cancerous Cells 706Jean-Philippe Thiran, Benoit Macq, and Jacques Mairesse,Universite Catholique de Louvain

Adaptive Multistage Nonlinear Filtering and Wavelet for Medical Image Enhancement 711Wei Qian and Laurence P. Clarke, University of South Florida

A Segmentation Technique for Cerebral NMR Images 716A. Deruyver, I.U.T. Strasbourg Sud; Y. Hode andL. Soufflet,FORENAP

Segmentation Based Linear Predictive Coding of Multispectral Images 721J. Hu and Y. Wang, Polytechnic University; P. Cahill,Cornell University Medical College

Segmentation and Features Extraction Techniques, with Applications to Biomedical Images 726Edward A. Ashton, Michel J. Berg, Kevin J. Parker, Jeffrey Weisberg,Chang Wen Chen, and Leena Ketonen, University of Rochester

Reconstruction of Dynamic 3-D Structures of Biological Objects using Stereo Microscopy 731Wen-Hung Liao, S. J. Aggarwal, and J. K. Aggarwal,University of Texas at Austin

WP5: Motion Estimation for Video Coding

Chair:B. Liu, Princeton University

Classified Variable Block Size Motion Estimation Algorithm for Image Sequence Coding 736Shih-Yu Huang, Jin-Rong Chen, Jia-Shung Wang, Kuen-Rong Hsieh, andHong-Yih Hsieh, National Tsing Hua University

An Improved Fast Feature-Based Block Motion Estimation 741Yiu-Hung Fok and Oscar C. Au,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Motion-Compensating Prediction within Spatiotemporal Bandpass OutputsBased on a Feature Specific Vector Representation 746

Bernhard Wegmann, Technische Universitat Munchen

A Motion Field Segmentation to Improve Moving Edges Reconstruction in Video Coding 751Iole Moccagatta, Fabrice Moscheni, Markus Schutz, and Frederic Dufaux,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Morphological Shape Representation of Segmented Images Based onTemporally Modeled Motion Vectors 756

P. Brigger, S. Ayer, and M. Kunt, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

Investigating a New Visual Cue for Image Motion Estimation: "Motion-from-Smear" 761Wei-ge Chen, N. Nandhakumar, and Worthy N. Martin,University of Virginia

Cooperative Analysis of Multiple Frames by Visual Echoes 766Esfandiar Bandari and James J. Little,University of British Columbia

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Discrete-Cosine/Sine-Transform Based Motion Estimation 771Ut-Va Koc and K.J. Ray Liu,University of Maryland at College Park

Low Complexity Matching Criteria for Image/Video Applications 776Mehdi Khosravi and Ronald W. Schafer,Georgia Institute of Technology

On the Motion Compensated Prediction Error using True Motion Fields 781Frank Muller, Aachen University of Technology

WP6: Software Systems

Chair:M. Hang, National Chiao Tung University

DeViouS: A Distributed Environment for Vision Tasks 786Phillip R. Romig, III and Ashok Samal, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Automatic Generation of Image-Segmentation Processes 791Joseph M. Reinhardt and William E. Higgins,Pennsylvania State University

Automated Synthesis of Image Processing Procedures for a Large-Scale Image Database 796Steve A. Chien, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

A Software Architecture for Medical Image Processing Stations 801Giuseppe Boccignone, Universita' di Salerno; Angelo Chianese,Universita' di Napoli; Massimo De Santo, Universita' di Salerno; andA. Picariello, IRSIP-CNR

Scene Analysis System 806F. Sandakly and G. Giraudon, INRIA

Model-Based Programming for Parallel Image Processing 811Michael S. Moore, Gabor Karsai, and Janos Sztipanovits,Vanderbilt University

Image Processing Chain Construction by Interactive Goal Specification 816Olivier Capdevielle and Patrice Dalle, IRIT — Pole Image

A General Vision Problem Solving Architecture: Hierarchical Token Grouping 821Qian Huang, IBM Almaden Research Center

An Object-Oriented Optimization System 826G.S. Cunningham, KM. Hanson, G.R. Jennings, Jr., and D.R. Wolf,Los Alamos National Laboratory

Hybrid Computational Architectures for Image Segmentation 831Jason M. Daida, University of Michigan

WP7: Image Coding III

Chair:J. Biemond, Delft University

Lossy Compression of Clustered-Dot Halftones 836Rich A. Vander Kam and Robert M. Gray, Stanford University

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Differential Lossless Encoding of Images using Non-linear Predictive Techniques 841Nasir D. Memon, Northern Illinois University; Sibabrata Ray andKhalid Sayood, University of Nebraska

Exaggerated Consensus in Lossless Image Compression 846Kris Popat and Rosalind W. Picard, MIT

Combining Gray Coding and JBIG for Lossless Image Compression 851Mourad Abdat and Maurice G. Bellanger, Laboratoire d'Electronique etCommunications CNAM

Adaptive Quantization without Side Information 856Antonio Ortega, University of Southern California; andMartin Vetterli, University of California, Berkeley

Progressive Image Transmission Based on Image Projections 861Rosa Lancini, CEFRIEL; and Stefano Tubaro,Politecnico di Milano

Region-Based Coding of Images using a Spline Model 866Ramin Baseri and James W. Modestino,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

A Novel DPCM Algorithm using a Nonlinear Operator 871Tian-Hu Yu, Chinese University of Hong Kong; andSanjit K. Mitra, University of California, Santa Barbara

Adaptive Successive Approximation Quantization of Image Waveforms withEfficient Codebook Updates 876

Christopher F. Barnes, Georgia Institute of Technology

Semi-adaptive Context-Tree Based Lossless Image Compression 881Xavier Ginesta and Seung P. Kim, Polytechnic University

Optimal Threshold Selection in Hierarchical Coders for Images and Video 884Sepideh H. Fatemi and Russell M. Mersereau, Georgia Institute ofTechnology; Kwan K. Truong, Atlanta Signal Processors, Inc.

WP8: Neural Networks

Chair:A. Zakhor, University of California, Berkeley

Probabilistic Neural Networks for Medical Image Quantification 889Tulay Adali and Yue Wang,University of Maryland at Baltimore County

Some Results on Edge Enhancement with Neural Networks 893Armando J. Pinho, Universidade de Aveiro; and Luis B. Almeida,INESC/Inst. Superior Tecnico

Self-Organizing Segmentor and Feature Extractor 898Robert D. Dony and Simon Haykin,McMaster University

Texture Classification Using Neural Networks and Discrete Wavelet Transform 903Paul Schumacher and Jun Zhang,University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

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A Neural Network for Fusing the MR Information into PET Images toImprove Spatial Resolution 908

Mikiya Sase, Naoyuki Kinoshita, and Yukio Kosugi,Tokyo Institute of Technology

Image Processing using an Image Approximation Neural Network 912Edward S. Dunstone, University of Wollongong

Motion Estimation of Partially Viewed 3-D Objects Based on a ContinuousDistance Transform Neural Network 917

Jenq-Neng Hwang and Yen-Hao Tseng,University of Washington

Classification Vector Quantization of Image Data using Competitive Learning 922Bruce E. Watkins and Murali Tummala, Naval Postgraduate School

Image Sequence Classification using a Neural Network Based ActiveContour Model and a Hidden Markov Model 926

Greg I. Chiou, Boeing Computer Services; and Jenq-Neng Hwang,University of Washington

Automatic Classification of Acoustic Sequences by Multiresolution ImageProcessing and Neural Networks 931

Steven D. Beck and Larry M. Deuser, Tracor Applied Sciences, Inc.

Human Face Recognition using Neural Networks 936M.H. Ahmad Fadzil and H. Abu Bakar,Universiti Sains Malaysia

Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition using Spatial Gabor Filters andSelf-Organizing Feature Maps 940

Da Deng, University of Hong Kong and South China University ofTechnology and Science; KP. Chan, University of Hong Kong; Yinglin Yu,South China University of Technology and Science

Size-Adaptive Neural Network for Image Compression 945Giancarlo Parodi and Filippo Passaggio, University of Genova

Applying Constructed Neural Networks to Lossless Image Compression 948Steve G. Romaniuk, National University of Singapore

Analysis-by-Synthesis and Example Based Animation with Topology Conserving Neural Nets 953Stefan Jockusch and Helge Ritter, University of Bielefeld

WP9: Color Image Processing and Representation

Chair:M. Tekalp, University of Rochester

Explosion of Multidimensional Image Histograms 958Phillip A. Mlsna and Jeffrey J. Rodriguez, University of Arizona

Adaptive Subsampling of Color Images 963Anil M. Murching and John W. Woods,Rensselaer Polytechnic University

Transmission of the Color Information using Quad-trees andSegmentation-Based Approaches for the Compression of Color Images with Limited Palette 967

Marc P. Tremblay and Andre Zaccarin, Universite Laval

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Color Image Compression by Moment-Preserving and Block Truncation Coding Techniques 972Chen-Kuei Yang, Ja-Chen Lin, and Wen-Hsiang Tsai,National Chiao Tung University

Color Edge Detector using Jointly Hue, Saturation and Intensity 977Thierry Carron and Patrick Lambert, Universite de Savoie

Fusing Color and Edge Information for Object Matching 982Marie-Pierre Dubuisson and Anil K. Jain,Michigan State University

Optimal Sequential Linear Interpolation Applied to Nonlinear Color Transformations 987James Z. Chang, Jan P. Allebach, and Charles A. Bouman,Purdue University

A Comparison of Techniques for the Transformation of Radiosity Values to Monitor Colors 992Peter Ferschin, Ingeborg Tastl, and Werner Purgathofer,Technische Universitat Wien

Adaptive Color Controller for Image Scanning and Printing Devices 997Gao-Wei Chang, Industrial Technology Research Institute;Yung-Chang Chen, National Tsing Hua University; andKing-Lung Huang, Industrial Technology Research Institute

Color Separation for Printing with Non-Standard Inks 1002Gabriel Marcu, Array Corporation; and Satoshi Abe, University of Tokyo

Estimation of Color Under Fluorescent Illuminants 1006H.J. Trussell and Manish S. Kulkarni,North Carolina State University

A Local Spatiocolor Analysis Applied to Pattern Segmentation 1011Alain Tremeau and Bernard Laget,Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et Instrumentation

Region Segmentation Using K-Mean Clustering and Genetic Algorithms 1016Yuukou Horita and Tadakuni Murai, Toyama University; andMakoto Miyahara, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Color Image Segmentation by a Watershed Algorithm and Region Adjacency Graph Processing 1021Kari Saarinen, Tampere University of Technology

Segmentation of Road Scenes using Color and Fractal-Based Texture Classification 1026Alfred C. She and Thomas S. Huang,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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