proceedings of spie€¦ · (united states) and odis, inc. (united states) session 4 fiber testing...

PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE

SPIEDigitalLibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie

Front Matter: Volume 8164

, "Front Matter: Volume 8164," Proc. SPIE 8164, Nanophotonics andMacrophotonics for Space Environments V, 816401 (28 September 2011); doi:10.1117/12.913672

Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2011, San Diego, California,United States

Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 01 Nov 2020 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use

PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE

Volume 8164

Proceedings of SPIE, 0277-786X, v. 8164

SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light.

Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments V

Edward W. Taylor David A. Cardimona Editors 22–23 August 2011 San Diego, California, United States Sponsored and Published by SPIE

Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 01 Nov 2020Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use

The papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from this book: Author(s), "Title of Paper," in Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments V, edited by Edward W. Taylor, David A. Cardimona, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8164 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2011) Article CID Number. ISSN 0277-786X ISBN 9780819487742 Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time)· Fax +1 360 647 1445 SPIE.org Copyright © 2011, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/11/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library.

SPIEDigitalLibrary.org

Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model, with papers published first online and then in print and on CD-ROM. Papers are published as they are submitted and meet publication criteria. A unique, consistent, permanent citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of the first publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online, print, and electronic versions of the publication. SPIE uses a six-digit CID article numbering system in which:

The first four digits correspond to the SPIE volume number. The last two digits indicate publication order within the volume using a Base 36 numbering

system employing both numerals and letters. These two-number sets start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B … 0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc.

The CID number appears on each page of the manuscript. The complete citation is used on the first page, and an abbreviated version on subsequent pages. Numbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit CID number.


Contents

vii Conference Committee ix Introduction xi Strategic photonic sensors: technology and challenges (Presentation Slides Only) [8164-24] Stephen Forbes, Air Force Research Lab. (United States) SESSION 1 SPACE EXPERIMENTS AND COMPONENTS I 8164 02 Recent progress made in testing laser diodes and optical materials subjected to exposure

in space (Invited Paper) [8164-01] N. S. Prasad, NASA Langley Research Ctr. (United States) 8164 03 Proton radiation testing of laser optical components for NASA Jupiter Europa Orbiter Mission

(Invited Paper) [8164-02] W. J. Thomes, Jr., J. F. Cavanaugh, M. N. Ott, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States) 8164 04 Mesa-isolated InGaAs avalanche photodiode damage by ionizing radiation (Invited

Paper) [8164-03] A. S. Huntington, L. A. Sellsted, M. A. Compton, Voxtel, Inc. (United States); E. W. Taylor,

International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States) 8164 05 Self-trapped holes in glassy silica: basic science with relevance to photonics in space

(Invited Paper) [8164-04] D. L. Griscom, impactGlass Research International (Mexico) 8164 06 Nanonewton thrust measurement of photon pressure propulsion using semiconductor laser

[8164-05] K. Iwami, T. Akazawa, T. Ohtsuka, H. Nishida, N. Umeda, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and

Technology (Japan) SESSION 2 SPACE EXPERIMENTS AND COMPONENTS II 8164 07 Pulsed shaping high-energy fiber laser at low repetition rate (Invited Paper) [8164-06] P. Wan, J. Liu, L.-M. Yang, PolarOnyx, Inc. (United States); F. Amzajerdian, NASA Langley

Research Ctr. (United States) 8164 08 InP- and graphene-based grating-gated transistors for tunable THz and mm-wave

detection (Invited Paper) [8164-07] R. E. Peale, N. Nader Esfahani, C. J. Fredricksen, G. Medhi, Univ. of Central Florida (United

States); J. W. Cleary, J. Hendrickson, Air Force Research Lab. (United States); W. R. Buchwald, Solid State Scientific Corp. (United States); H. Saxena, O. J. Edwards, Zyberwear Inc. (United States); M. S. Lodge, B. D. Dawson, M. Ishigami, Univ. of Central Florida (United States)

8164 09 2µm fiber laser sources and their applications (Invited Paper) [8164-08] J. Geng, Q. Wang, S. Jiang, AdValue Photonics, Inc. (United States)

iii


SESSION 3 SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ARCHITECTURES 8164 0B Femtosecond fiber laser direct writing of optical waveguide in glasses (Invited Paper)

[8164-10] H. Huang, L.-M. Yang, J. Liu, PolarOnyx, Inc. (United States) 8164 0C Design of microresonator quantum well intensity modulators based on an absorption

blue-shift (Invited Paper) [8164-11] Y. Zhang, Univ. of Connecticut (United States); B. Pile, G. W. Taylor, Univ. of Connecticut

(United States) and ODIS, Inc. (United States) SESSION 4 FIBER TESTING AND INTERCONNECTS 8164 0D Resonant optoelectronic thyristor switches as elements for optical switching fabrics (Invited

Paper) [8164-12] B. C. Pile, Univ. of Connecticut (United States) and ODIS, Inc. (United States); Y. Zhang, Univ.

of Connecticut (United States); J. Yao, ODIS, Inc. (United States); G. W. Taylor, Univ. of Connecticut (United States) and ODIS, Inc. (United States)

8164 0E Small form factor optical fiber connector evaluation for harsh environments [8164-13] M. N. Ott, W. J. Thomes, Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States); R. F. Chuska, R. Switzer, D. E. Blair, MEI Technologies, Inc. (United States) 8164 0F Fiber optic cables for transmission of high-power laser pulses [8164-14] W. J. Thomes, Jr., M. N. Ott, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States); R. F. Chuska, R. C. Switzer, D. E. Blair, MEI Technologies, Inc. (United States) 8164 0G OLTARIS: an efficient web-based tool for analyzing materials exposed to space radiation

(Invited Paper) [8164-15] T. C. Slaba, NASA Langley Research Ctr. (United States); A. M. McMullen, Rochester Institute

of Technology (United States); S. A. Thibeault, C. A. Sandridge, M. S. Clowdsley, S. R. Blattnig, NASA Langley Research Ctr. (United States)

SESSION 5 ADVANCES IN ORGANIC AND POLYMER MATERIALS 8164 0H Molecular photonics in space environments: a review (Invited Paper) [8164-16] J. Pérez-Moreno, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium) 8164 0I Hyper-Rayleigh scattering as a screening tool for the optimization of piezoelectric polymers

(Invited Paper) [8164-17] J. Pérez-Moreno, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium); K. Clays, Katholieke Univ. Leuven

(Belgium) and Washington State Univ. (United States) 8164 0J The nonlinear-optical response of a quantum system as a function of its energy spectrum

(Invited Paper) [8164-18] S. Shafei, M. G. Kuzyk, Washington State Univ. (United States) 8164 0K Unexpected second-order nonlinear optical effects in conjugated polymers (Invited Paper)

[8164-19] I. Asselberghs, K. Clays, T. Verbiest, G. Koeckelberghs, Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium)

iv


SESSION 6 ADVANCES IN IR LASERS FOR SPACE 8164 0L Temperature effects of an all-fiber polarization maintaining Ytterbium optical amplifier

(Invited Paper) [8164-20] A. D. Sanchez, Air Force Research Lab. (United States) 8164 0M All fiber-based single-frequency Q-switched laser pulses at 2 um for lidar and remote

sensing applications (Invited Paper) [8164-21] W. Shi, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States); E. Petersen, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States) and

Univ. of Arizona (United States); N. Moor, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States) and College of Optical Sciences, Univ. of Arizona (United States); A. Chavez-Pirson, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States); N. Peyghambarian, NP Photonics, Inc. (United States) and College of Optical Sciences, Univ. of Arizona (United States)

8164 0O Recent developments in polycrystalline oxide fiber laser materials: production of Yb-doped

polycrystalline YAG fiber (Invited Paper) [8164-23] H. Lee, K. Keller, B. Sirn, T. Parthasarathy, UES, Inc. (United States); M. Cheng, F. K. Hopkins, Air

Force Research Lab. (United States) SESSION 7 ADVANCEMENT OF HARDENED GYROS 8164 0Q Hybrid integration of fiber optic gyroscopes operating in harsh environments (Invited Paper)

[8164-25] W. K. Bischel, M. A. Kouchnir, M. Bitter, Gener8, Inc. (United States); R. Yahalom, Infiber

Technology, Inc. (United States); E. W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States)

8164 0R Radiation effects on multiple DOF MEMS inertial sensors (Invited Paper) [8164-26] B. Dillard, V. Trent, M. Greene, Archangel Systems, Inc. (United States); E. W. Taylor,

International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States) SESSION 8 COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS FOR SPACE 8164 0S Performance of long-wave infrared InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice detectors for the

space applications (Invited Paper) [8164-28] E. A. Plis, N. Gautam, M. N. Kutty, S. Myers, B. Klein, T. Schuler-Sandy, M. Naydenkov, S. Krishna, Ctr. for High Technology Materials, The Univ. of New Mexico (United States) Author Index

v


Conference Committee

Program Track Chairs

Stephen M. Hammel, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (United States)

Alexander M. J. van Eijk, TNO Defence, Security and Safety (Netherlands)

Conference Chairs

Edward W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United States)

David A. Cardimona, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)

Conference Cochair

Ronald G. Pirich, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (United States)

Program Committee

Mansoor Alam, Nufern (United States) Koen Clays, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) Vincent M. Cowan, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States) Douglas M. Craig, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States) Michael J. Hayduk, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States) Mark G. Kuzyk, Washington State University (United States) Narasimha S. Prasad, NASA Langley Research Center (United States) Anthony D. Sanchez, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)

Session Chairs

1 Space Experiments and Components I Narasimha S. Prasad, NASA Langley Research Center (United States)

2 Space Experiments and Components II Ronald G. Pirich, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (United

States)

3 Signal Processing and Architectures Edward W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United

States)

vii


4 Fiber Testing and Interconnects Ronald G. Pirich, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems (United

States)

5 Advances in Organic and Polymer Materials Javier Pérez-Moreno, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium)

6 Advances in IR Lasers for Space Anthony D. Sanchez, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)

7 Advancement of Hardened Gyros Edward W. Taylor, International Photonics Consultants, Inc. (United

States) Michael J. Hayduk, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)

8 Components and Materials for Space Vincent M. Cowan, Air Force Research Laboratory (United States)

viii


Introduction The convening of the Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments V (NMSE V) Conference was well-attended and highlighted by the presentation of two invited Keynote Presentations. Professor Peter J. Delfyett, Jr. of the College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida provided an excellent Keynote presentation describing a valuable new area of investigation titled: Ultra Coherent Optical Signal Processing Technologies and Applications Using Stabilized Optical Frequency Combs within the Signal Processing Session which described a very efficient approach for improving the large scale selective detection and processing of multiple signals. Stephen Forbes of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, presented a Keynote Presentation opening the Hardened Gyro Session which was titled: Strategic Photonic Sensors: Technology Needs and Challenges. The presentation was very well received by the conference participants that posed many important application and technical questions followed by the speaker’s answers that were well received by the audience. Approximately one-third of the presentations addressed radiation-induced effects in photonics technologies aimed at space applications including presentations from NASA Langley and NASA Goddard Research Centers regarding the testing of optical and photonic components in low-Earth orbit and also for NASA’s planned Jupiter Europa Orbiter Mission. Other NASA presentations included the reporting of recent test data on the performance of fiber optic connectors and cables in harsh environments as well as the utility of a new web-based tool (OLTARIS) for analyzing materials exposed to space radiation environments. Papers from industry were also presented concerning the effects of ionizing radiation on interferometric fiber optic gyros and MEMS inertial sensors, as well as an excellent theoretical paper describing a model for Self-Trapped Holes in Glassy Silica: Basic Science with Relevance to Photonics in Space that was presented by Dr. David L. Griscom. The theoretical model based on decades-long data bases prompted much interest from the audience. A review paper from the Katholieke University, Leuven, Belgium, discussed the historical investigation of molecular photonic components responses in space and simulated space environments which set the tone for other papers in the Advances in Organic and Polymer Materials Session. This session provided new and interesting approaches for using Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering measurement techniques for advancing the design and selection of organic and polymer materials for space applications. The Conference attendees were also provided a wide variety of other excellent presentations reporting the advancement of components and materials for space applications in topic areas such as: laser pulse shaping; THz and millimeter-wave detection; InAs/GaSb strained layer

ix


superlattice detectors; optical switching fabrics; new polycrystalline laser materials; and, the advancement of 2 micron lasers and materials. We expect next year’s SPIE NMSE agenda to focus on the same topic areas with special emphasis on additional polymer based nanophotonic sessions. The Chairs and Cochairs wish to thank the Program Committee, speakers, session chairs, and especially the SPIE staff for their many contributions to making the NMSE V Conference a success.

Edward W. Taylor David A. Cardimona

x


Strategic Photonic SensorsStrategic Photonic SensorsTechnology and Challenges

23 August 2011

1SEE DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT ON TITLE SLIDE

IntegrityIntegrity ServiceService ExcellenceExcellence

Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Stephen ForbesRVSV

Air Force Research Laboratory

Outline

•Overview• Technology Needsgy•Requirements• Technology Development Efforts• The Future


xi


Overview of Strategic Systems and Launch Technologies

•Part of the AFRL Space Vehicle Directorate at Kirtland AFB, NM• Two technical thrusts– Strategic Systems

• Focused on developing solutions to address technology gaps in the Air Force’s strategic mission

– Launch TechnologiesF d d l i t h l t d l h


• Focused on developing technology to reduce launchcosts and schedules

Technology Needs

•Widespread reliance on GPS in both DoD and civil sectors•GPS vulnerabilities necessitate alternative navigation/mitigation methods•SSLT focuses on inertial navigation technology


Photos of Current Minuteman III Guidance Set from the web

xii


Requirements

•Radiation–Prompt ionizing radiation–Neutron radiation–Natural space environment–MDA also has prompt radiation

requirements*

• Long operating life/high MTBF


•Vibration and Shock• Thermal•Vacuum

* See MDA SBIR solicitations

Technology Development Efforts

•Adaptive Launch Guidance•Novel data fusion for situational awareness•GPS Denied Navigation• Inertial Instruments– Inertial Measurement Units


– Accelerometers– Fiber Optic Gyroscopes

Instruments currently under development

xiii


Fiber Optic Gyroscope

• SSLT is developing a single mode strategic grade fiber opticgrade fiber opticgyroscope

• Emphasis on high MTBF and radiation hardness

• Prompt ionizing radiation drives optical component selection


selection

• Significant effort has been spent on testing parts

Table fromWang and Williams, “Strategic Inertial NavigationSystems”, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Feb 2008

FOG Development Challenges

• Optical parts• To a lesser extent electronic components• 3 main issues– Vendor stability/parts availability– Lack of vendor test data– Parts’ parametric stability over time

• Most parts lack prompt ionizing radiation testing


xiv


The Future

•Current instrument technologies are reaching the performance limit• Looking for the future gyroscope and accelerometer technology– Atom interferometry– Fast light ring laser gyroscope and

accelerometer


– Other?

xv


proceedings of spie€¦ · (united states) and odis, inc. (united states) session 4 fiber testing...

Documents