proceedlngs oftheinternationalsymposium on … · dynamic behavior of vertical geogrid-reinforced...
TRANSCRIPT
PROCEEDlNGS OFTHEINTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM ON SLOPESTABILITY ENGINEERING-IS-SHIKOKU'99/ MATSUYAMA/ SHIKOKU/JAPAN/8-II NOVEMBER 1999
Slope Stability Engineering Editedby
N orio Yagi Ehime University, Japan
Takuo Yamagami & Jing-Cai Jiang University ojTokushima, Japan
VOLUME2
A. A. BALKEMA/ROTTERDAM/BROOKFIELD/ 1999
S/ope Stability Engineering, Yagi, Yamagami & Jiang@ 1999 Ba/kema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 079 5
Table of contents
6 Design strength parameters
Undrained ftow and instability of anisotropically consolidated sand 675 Y.Tsukamoto, Klshihara, S.Nakayama & Y. Nosaka
Mode! test on granular soil slope an d determinati o n of strength pararneters under low 681 confining stresses near slope surlace HMatsuoka, S. HLiu & TOhashi
Detennination of shear strength pararneters of unsaturated sedimentary residua! soils 687 for slope stability analyses S.Mariappan, FHAli & LTHuat
The characteristics of landslides caused by the hydrothennal metamorphic clay 693 H Yamashita, M Saga, H Fujita, K Yokota & R. Yatabe
Inftuence of clay minerals on strength characteristics of landslide clay in Mikabu 697 Tlshù, R.Yatabe, NYagi & K.Yokota
Strength of landslide clay from mineralogica! point of vie w 70 l N Yagi, R.Yatabe, K.Yokota & N PBhandary
Role of so il composition on collapsible behavior of natural and stabilized slopes 705 V.R.Ouhadi
Defonnation characteristics of a compacted day in wetting tests under isotropic and triaxial 709 stress state S. Kato & K Kawai
Development of an automatic cyclic direct shear test apparatus for landslide slope stability 715 analysis MOkawara, TMitachi & MTanada
Strength and defonnation characteristics of clay subjected to pore water pressure increment 72 1 TUmezaki, M Suzuki & TYamamoto
Parameters for curvilineared residua! strength envelope 727 S.Gibo & S.Nakamura
Pore water pressure loading tests of a clay 73 1 S. Ohtsuka, Y. Miyata & H. Toyota
v
Shear behavior of clay subjected t o change of nonna! stress M.Su:uki, TUmezaki & TYamamoto
A simple mode! to predict pore water pres ures during shearing along undulating surfaces D.J Petley & P.Taylor
Modelling rapid shearing of cohesive soils along undulating shear swfaces D.l. Petley & P.Taylor
Apparent cohesion of unsaturated soils as COlTelated with suction Y.Huang & K.lshihara
Unconiìned compression shear strength of an unsaturated silty so il subjected to high total suctions TNishimura & D.G. Fredlund
Shear strength mobilization in shear box test under constant volume IKobayashi, A/izuka, H Ohta & M.Hirata
Undrained shear strength of unsaturated compacted clays V. Sivakumar & I G. Doran
Landslide at Malakasa, Greece: Investigation, analysis, remedial works R.J Chandler & S. Schina
Method for determining design strength parameters for slope stability analysis TMitachi, MOkawara & T.Kawaguchi
Evaluation ofthe shear strength for stability analysis of a heavily weathered tertiary rock K. Tsuji, K. Suzuki & H H anzawa
Effect of degradation on the strength of rock A Kobayashi, K. Yamamoto & K Fujii
Some considerations of Patton mode! o n rock joint shear strength MDoi & S. Ohtsuka
Behavior of jointed mode! materia! under biaxial compression AK.Tyagi, K. S. Rao &AS.Gupta
7 Slope stability of lar.dfills and waste materials
735
741
745
751
757
763
769
775
781
787
793
799
805
Stability of slopes of hydraulic-fill dams 811 A.Zh.Zhusupbekov, AS.Zhakulin & MR.Nurguzhin
Stability of embankment dams based on minimum-experience of safety factor 817 T. Morii, K.Shimada & T.Hasegawa
Stability of embank:ment using foarn composite lightweight soil 823 Y.Watanabe & T.Kaino
Slope stability of embankment mode! composed of municipal bottom ash: Centrifuge mode! 827 tests and FDM analysis K.Gotoh, M.Yamanaka, T.lkuta & T.Ogawa
VI
Comparison of deformation of a fiU with results from a new elastoplastic method 83 1 THarada, AMochizuki & TKaneda
Evaluation of slope stability incorporating pre-compression characteristics of cohesive soils 837 M. Yamaguchi, K.Narita & Y.Ohne
Earth pressure acting on the side of core block in high embankment 841 K. Nomoto, T.Sugimoto & T.Fujiwara
Case study of a liquefiable mine tailing sand deposi t 847 WWehr, IHerle, P.Kudella & G.Gudehus
Bilinear mode! for stabili ty calculation of domestic waste landfills 853 G.Ziehmann
The stabilization of frozen technogenic dumps 859 V. /. Grebenets, S.NTitkov, AG.-o.Kerimov & V.M.Anishin
Stability of MSW mass: Use of an improved limit equilibrium analysis 863 A Bouazza & I B. Donald
Stability of bentonite wall by the unified method of molecular dynarnics and homogenization 869 analysis Y.Ichikawa, K.Kawamura, M.Nakano, T. Seiki & T.Nattavut
8 Stabilization and remedial works
Mode! tests of a new deep pile system for landslide prevention at Kamenose landslide area K.Nishiyama, S.Tochimoto, H.Fujita, S.Kinoshita, S.Sakajo, M.Ohno, K.Ugai & M.Kimura
Stability of slope reinforced with p il es FCai & K. Ugai
Numerica! study of landslide of bridge abutrnent in Surabaya, Indonesia V.Tandjiria
877
883
889
Application ofFEM as a design method for slope stability and landslide prevention pile work 895 M.Gotoh & Y.Ohnishi
Design and constructional aspects of an anchored slope and gabion revetrnent system M.H.Kabir &A.M. Hamid
Evaluation of pull-out capacity of repeat-grouting type ground anchor by in-situ and laboratory tests H W ada, H Ochiai, K Omine & Y. Maeda
Design and observation of the prevention works for crystalline schist slope NShintani, K.Kawahara,AUeda, K.Oka & T.Yamamoto
Case study on slips in soft laterite cut-slopes on BG rail link in Southem Peninsular India VK.Jain & K.Keshav
Hydrodynamic seeding with the use of sewage sludge and fty-ash for slope protection M. Glaiewski & J K alotka
Investigation and stabilization of a sliding hillside JFarkas
VII
901
907
913
919
925
931
Stability reinforcement of Ù1e old embankment sanitary landfills for remediation works 937 E.Koda
Stabilization and remedial works on some failed slopes along the East-West highway, 943 Malaysia A.Jamaludin & A.N. Hussein
Landslide controlling measures at consuuction sites nearby King's palace at Narendra Nagar 949 D.Mukherjee, K.Kishor & O.P.Yadav
Reduction of land cutting effects by the application of lightweight embankments 955 J. Nakano, H.Miki , H.Kohashi & A.Fujii
Relaxation effect in retaining walJ on passive mode 959 Erizal, T Sakai & S. Miyauchi
Stabilization and geoenvironmental restoration of ilie main centrai channel in ilie Fucino 965 plain, Italy- A case history G.Totani, P. Monaco, MLeopardi,A. Farroni & A.R.Spena
Slope stabilization in residua! soils of Peru 971 A. Carrillo-Gil & A. Carrillo-Acevedo
Case study of a cut slope failure in diatom earth 977 A.Yashima, H.Shigematsu, S. Okuzono & MNishio
9 Stability of reinforced slopes
Centrifuge mode! testing of reinforced so il slopes in ilie perspective of Kanto Loam 985 G. Pokharel, A. Fujii & H. Miki
Dynamic behavior of vertical geogrid-reinforced so il during earthq uake 991 A. Takahashi, J. Takemura & J. I zawa
Mode! tests on some geosynthetics-reinforced steep earth fills 997 Y.Tanabashi, THirai, J. Noshimura, K.Yasuhara & K. Suyama
Field behavior of a reinforced steep slope with a cohesive residua! soil backfill l 003 A. Kasa, F H.Ali & Z Chik
Full-scale mode! test on deformation of reinforced steep slopes 1009 TNagayoshi, S.Tayama, K.Ogata & MTada
Relation between wall displacernent and optimum amount of reinforcements on the l O 15 reinforced retaining wall K. Okabayashi & M Kawamura
Stability analysis of reinforced slopes using a strain-based FEM TMatsui, K.CSan &A.Porbaha
Numerica! analysis o n ilie stability of GliD-reinforced day embankment MKamon, MMimura, N. Takeo & TAkai
Ne w design rnethod of composite fabrics - Reinforced earth fill Y.Tanabashi, N. Wakud.a, K. Suyama, K.Yasuhara, T H irai & J. Nishimura
VIli
1021
1027
1033
Design method for steel grid reinforced earth structure considering beruing resistance T.Matsui, Y.Nabeshima, S.G.Zhou & N. Ogawa
A promising approach for progressive failure analysis of reinforced slopes TYamagami, S.Yamabe, J-CJiang & Y.A. Khan
3-D stability analyses for asymrnetrical and heterogeneous nailed slopes CC Huang, CCTsai &MTateyama
Numerica! analysis of reinforced so il slopes under working stress conditions B. T. Dantas & M Ehrlich
Design method of vertical reinforced slopes under rotational failure mechanism X.Q.Yang, S.X.He &Z D.Liu
Reinforcement mechanism in so il nailing for stabilization of steep slopes T.Nishigata &K.Nishida
The study of direct shear tests of woven geotextiles with granular soils M.Matys, T.Ayele & S.Hric
l O Probabilistic slope stability
Localized probabilistic si te characterization in geotechnical engineering S. Pumjan &D.S.Young
A localized probabilistic approach for slope stability analysis D. S. Young & S.Pumjan
Probabilistic analysis of structured rock/ soil slopes - Severa! methods compared D.Xu & R.Chowdhury
Reliability analysis and risk evaluation of ilie slopes of open pit mine Q.Yang, J.Jiao, MLuan & D.Shi
Risk evaluation for slope failure based o n geographical information data Y Kitazono, A. Suzuki, N. Nakasone & T.Terazono
Gray system evaluation for slope stability engineering H.-CWu, TBao,X.-B. Zhang & X.Hu
Statistica! variability of ring shear test results o n a shear zone in London Clay E.N.Bromhead, A.J.Harris & M-Llbsen
Overall stability of anchored retaining walls wiili the probabilistic meiliod LBelabed
11 Landslide investigations
Methodological study of judgement on landslide occurrence M -B.Su, L -CChan & G. -S.Lee
The retrogressive slide at Nipigon River, Ontario, Canada K.TLaw & CFLee
IX
1039
1043
1049
1055
1061
1065
1071
1079
1085
1089
1095
1101
1105
1109
1115
1123
1129
Simplified mode! for estimating a scale of sliding debris M. Fukuda & S. Suwa
Landslide prediction using nonlinear dynamics model based on state vari ab le friction 1aw
K.TChau
Characteristic weathering profi1es as basic causes of shallow 1andslides
M.Chigira & Elto
1135
1139
1145
Long-term movements of an earthftow in tectonised day shales 1 151 L. Picarelli, C. Russo & A. Mando lini
Characteristics of groundwater quality in fracture zone landslides at Shikoku area 1159 FNishimura, R.Yarabe, NYagi, K.Yokota & TShibata
U se of ~O(+) for landslide investigations an d mapping 1165 Ude SJayawardena, E./zawa & K. Watanabe
The mechanism of créep movement caused by 1andslide activity and underground erosion 1169
in crystalline schist, Zentoku, Shikoku, Japan G.Furuya, K.Sassa, H.Hiura & H.Fukuoka
Mechanism of large-scale collapse at Tue Val1ey in the Shikoku mountainous region, Japan 1175
FOchiai, H.Sokobiki, TNoro & SNakayama
Causes and mechanisms of slope instability in Dessie town, Ethiopia 1181
L.Ayalew & A. Vernier
Structura1 deterioration of residua! soils and the effect on landslides 1187
JSuarez
Study of a huge b1ock slide with re1evance to failure mechanism 1193 l. Lazanyi, I. Kabai & B. Vizi
Landslide day behavior and countermeasures works at the fractured zone of Median 1199
Tectonic Line R.Yatabe, N Yagi, K.Yokota & N P. Bhandary
Geologica! and soil mechanical study ofSawatari landslide in Ehime 1203 H. Kono, M.Tani, R.Yatabe, N Yagi & K.Yokota
The generai characteristics of 1andslide along the Median Tectonic Li ne due to the road 1207
construction Y.Momiyama, K.Kumano, M.Tanaka & Tlshii
An investigation on the stability oftwo adjacent slope movements 1211
G. Gottardi & L. Tonni
Evaluation of stream-like landslide activity based on the monitoring results 1217
L.Petro, P.Wagner & E.PolaJcinowi
Snow induced landslides in Japan 1223
Tito
Physica1 properties of day from lands1ides in large fracture zones ·1229 NOgita, Y.Kito, TKimizu & R.Yatabe
x
Investigation of 1andslide damage in Korea, 1998 D. Park, K. Oh & B. Park
Monitoring of the Vallcebre 1andslide, Eastem Pyrenees, Spain J.Corominas , J.Moya, A. Ledesma, JRius,J.A.Gili & A. Lloret
12 Landslide inventory, landslide hazard zonation and rockfall
Disaster prevention and sustainable development in Centrai America S. Mora
Prelimina.ry landslide hazard mapping along a bill road in western Nepal B.P.Mainalee, NMorishima & H.Fujimura
Hazard evaluation of landslide in Iran G. R. Lashkaripour
Zonation of a.reas susceptible to ra.in-induced embankment failure in Japan railways K.Okada, TSugiyama, H.Muraishi & TNoguchi
An estimation of s1ope failures based onerosi o n front and weathering front H.lnagaki & TYunohara
Typical case study on destabilization and genetic mechanism of urban slopes in China Y.Liu, FNiu & ZCheng
Estimation of the slope failure using remote sensing data SShima & H.Yoshikuni
Applicati an of hazard and risk maps for highway s1opes management and ma.intenance Y.A.O. Fiener & FH.Ali
Application of hazard and risk mapping to a mountainous highway in Malaysia A.Jamaludin, Z Muda, S.Alias & NM.Yusof
A lands1ide risk assessment in a hydropower p1ant area D. Paunescu & D. Deacu
Applications of quantitative landslide risk assessment in Hong Kong C.K.MWong & C.KTLee
Landslide risk assessment - Development of a hazard-consequence approach C. K. Ko, P. Flentje & R. Chowdhury
Data-bases and the management of 1andslides R. M. Faure
Seismicity in the development ofthe geologica! process in the Republic ofTajikistan S Vinnichenko
Evaluating rockfall hazard from carbonate slopes in the Sete Val ley, Southem ltaly M.Parise
Effect of so il slope gradient on motion of rockfal1 SKawahara & T Muro
Xl
1233
1239
1247
1253
1259
1263
1269
1275
1281
1287
1291
1297
1303
1309
1317
133 1
1337
1343
Study of accidents caused by rockfall in Kochi Prefecture 1349 TUshiro. Y.Matsumoto, NAkesaka & N Yagi
The coefficient of restitution for boulders falling onto soil slopes with various values of dry 1355
density and water content K.TChau,J.J. Wu, R. H. C. Wong & C. F Lee
The May 5th 1998 landsliding event in Campania, Southem Italy: Inventory of slope 1361 movements in the Quindici area D.Calcaterra, M.Parise, B. Palma & L.Pelella
13 Simulation and analysis of debris fio w
A proposed methodology for rock a val anche analysis R.Couture, S.GEvans, J. Locat, JHadjigeorgiou & P.Antoine
The Otari debris flow disaster occurred in December 1996 H. Kawakami, H Suwa, H Marui, O. Sato & K [zumi
Dimensional analysis of a fiume design for laboratory debris flow simulation L. C. P. C han & K. T Chau
Shear characteristics at the occurrence and motion of debris flow Y.Yamashita , N.Yagi, R.Yatabe & K.Yokota
Three-dimensional numerical modeling of muddy debris flows HChen & CF.Lee
Mechanism of soil deformations during the displacements of fio w slides O.VZerkal & VNSokolov
Author index
Xli
1369
1379
1385
1391
1397
1403
1409
6 Design strength parameters
o 2 4 6 8 10 12 Distance along the direction of movement, m
---- Ul11aintramicroawegate pores __.,_ lnt.Jamicroaggregate pores
- -• -- Small intennicroawegate pores - ._ Intennicroaggresate-granular pores
Fig. 4. Transformation ofthe pore space of soils during flow slide displacement.
practically not followed by sufficient changes of the degree of structural elements orientation (K. = 1.2-9.5%). The highest orientation of the structura1 elements is observed in the zone of landslide movement, and the lowest - in the zone of accumulation. As a w ho le the microstructure of all the samples can be classified as medium or low oriented types.
4 CONCLUSION
The studied changes in the soil microstructure during the formation and development of flow slides confirmed, that the process of initiation and displacement of landslide is followed by a sufficient reconstruction of the so il microstructure. The start of deformation is marked by the more intensive alteration in the distribution of the different categories of micropores in pore space, which can be considered as one of the criteria of the beginning of slope displacements.
The very displacement of a landslide appears to begin from the formation of the aggregates. The movement of a flow slide is a relative "rolling", slipping of aggregates. One of the causes of the observed landslide deposits consolidation is the redistribution and denser "packing" of aggregates, having an angular shape in the foot of a landslide which changes to the "rounded particle" one with the landslide movement.
The study of so il microstructure may improve the reliability and the quality of the landslide hazard forecast if included into the compi ex of investiga-
1407
tions for stability of lands1ide slopes evaluation.
5 REFERENCES
Sokolov V.N., Kuzmin V.A. 1993 The application of the SEM images processing for estimation of the capacity and filtration properties of oil and gas contained rock. Bui/. of RAS Physics., 57(8):94-98.
Sokolov V.N., Yurkovetsh D.l., Razgulina O.V. & Melnik V.N. 1997. A method of qualitative analysis of the microstructure of solids on SEM images. Zavodskaya laboratoriya (materials diagnostics). 9: (in Russian).
Tsaryova A.M. 1985. Classification of rock textures, forming in the landslide displacement zone. Investigation of the development mechanism of exogenic geologica! processes and their causing factors. VSEGINGEO: 45-52 (in Russian).
Zerkal O. V. 1994. Seismic landslides caused by Gissar earthquake in 1989 (Tajikistan). Geologica! Bull., 49(2): 57-63.
Zerkal O.V. & Soko1ov V.N. 1995. Changes in the microstructure of sii t loams during the formation of seismogenic liquefaction slides. Geologica! Bull., 50(6): 59-64.
Zerkal O. V. 1996. Mechanism of formation and development of deep seismogenous landslides due sudden liquefaction of loessal soils. Landslides. Proc. of the Seventh Internai. Symp. on Landslides. v.2: 1055-1 060.