process analysis assignment

Year II/ Semester IICollege of Arts, Humenities, and Languages Writing Skills 2

Process Analysis

I. Definition

The formal name of the mode is process analysis.

Process = a step-by-step movement from a beginning point to an pointending.

Analysis = a careful examination; a close, detailed look at something

Process analysis writing involves writing to give instructions on how to do

something or to describe how something is done. It is another common

organizational form of writing. Current self-help books on the market entitled

How To . . . are examples of process writing. Process analysis serves readers

well if some simple steps are followed to maintain clarity. There are two basic

types of process writing: informational and directional. Informational process

writing provides information on topics we would like to learn about, i.e. how

something works. An example would be an essay on how the heart functions.

On the other hand, directional process deals with giving directions on how to

do something. An example of this type of writing would be an essay giving

directions on changing a tire or a recipe.

There are two kind of process analysis: One instructs or directs the reader how

to perform a task, the other informs the reader how something is done, is

made, or works.

A process paragraph is a series of steps that explain how something happens or how to make something. It can explain anything from the way to enrich vocabulary to overcoming insomnia to the procedure of operating a machine. It may also give tips for improving pronunciation or for answering a telephone call. Because such explanations must be clear, the process paragraph must be written in chronological order, and it must include a topic sentence that clearly states the paragraph’s purpose. It must also include transition words and phrases such as “first,” “next,” “finally,” that connect each of the steps.

There are two kinds of process paragraphs: directional and informational. A directional process paragraph explains the directions to perform a task. It provides the reader a set of instructions or a step-by-step guidance. The following is an example of a directional process paragraph:

What is a Process Analysis Paragraph?

Department: Civil Engineering 2012-2013


When developing a paragraph or essay through process analysis, you should keep

several points in mind: •Be sure to include all steps and arrange them in sequence.

•Explain why each step is necessary, and include warnings where appropriate. Process

analysis writing can take one of two forms: (1) it can provide information about how

something works (informative) (2) it can explain how to do something (directive). Study

the transition words Transition Words Examples A process analysis paragraph is

usually arranged in chronological order. In other words, the steps in the process are

listed in the order that they occur in time. These items are also called transition words

because they mark the transition from one step to the next. Unit7 Analysis Paragraphs

First, (Second, Third, etc.) First, you must be sure … The first step is to choose several

schools … Next, (The next step/thing) The next thing you should do is to decide … The

last step (Finally,) The last step is to put the corner … In addition, In addition, ask

various school officials and teachers to write letters … Before you sever the coffee, …

After (When) When the foam appears, … Then Then remove the pot … •Define any

terms that your readers may not be familiar with. •End with a specific resource. •Offer

clear descriptions of any tools or materials needed to carry out the process. Process

Analysis paragraphs contain a number of elements that are indispensable in this kind

of writing: Chronology – all actions are described in a step-by-step manner which

means that the order of in which subsequent actions are described is analogical to the

order in which those actions are to be performed; Let's do together in this example!!!

Clarity – the instruction is concise and uses simples language. Process analysis

paragraphs, if composed correctly, will never be written in a descriptive or subjective

language and will also avoid opinion-based stances Explanation – the paragraph

explains how a particular result can be achieved. In order to write good paragraphs,

you need to know how paragraphs are constructed and what types of paragraphs can

be used in writing. A Unique Beverage Turkish coffee is not easy to make, but the

result is worth all the work. First, you need a special coffeepot called a jezve. This is a

long-handled, open brass or copper pot. Next pour three small cups of water into the

pot. Heat the water until it boils. Then remove the pot from the heat. Add three

teaspoons of coffee and three teaspoons of sugar to the water. Gently stir the mixture

and return it to the heat until you can see foam on the top. When the foam appears,



take the jezve from the heat and hit it lightly with a spoon to make the foam go down.

Next, reheat the coffee and tap the pot two more times, making sure to remove it from

the heat each time the foam forms. Before you serve the coffee, give everyone a small

glass of cold water to drink with the hot, thick coffee. 1. List the first five steps in

making Turkish coffee. a. b. c. d. e. 2. The process of making Turkish coffee includes

more than ten small steps. Good writers do not always write one sentence for each

small step. Instead, they combine some steps in longer sentences. Write a sentence

from the paragraph that has more than one step in it. 3. Combine these two steps in

one sentence: Next, pour three small cups of water into the pot. Heat the water until it

boils. 4. The author states that Turkish coffee is difficult to make. Find three examples

from the paragraph that support this idea. a. b. c.

5. How is a process analysis usually organized?

All process analyses usually follow a chronological sequence, especially a

directive analysis, in which

order is important to the desired outcome. For both types of process analysis,

however, it is often useful

to create phases or stages, which, in turn, can be divided into steps. Both

phases/stages and steps

should be presented in proper sequence.

The phases or stages for changing a tire may include jacking up the car,

removing the flat, putting



on the spare, and lowering the car. The steps for just one of those stages—

jacking up the car—may be

setting the emergency brake, blocking the other wheels, loosening the bolts,

positioning the jack, and

raising the car.

To ensure that the reader can duplicate the process or understand how it

unfolds requires fully

detailing each step and specifying the reasons for it. Indeed, the process

must make clear to the reader

the sequence of steps, their duration, and where they occur. Occasionally,

the chronology contains

interruptions or modifications to suit it to your subject. For instance, it may

require background

information, definitions of specialized terms, explanations of how one step

relates to a preceding or

following step, examples, or explanations of steps that are performed

simultaneously.

6. What kind of thesis is required for a process analysis?



A process analysis thesis should contain two elements: (1) the main point of

the analysis and, if

possible, (2) the organizational format for exploring the main idea—in this

case, process analysis. If

possible, it also previews the stages in the process.

Example: Building a table is a simple, three-stage process of cutting,

assembling, and finishing.

In this example, the main point of the process is reflected in the word simple,

which suggests the ease of

the process. The words cutting, assembling, and assembling obviously

suggest the stages.



1. Instructional/directional process: When you explain how to get from the

registrar’s office to make perfect pastry, or any other how to topic, your

purpose is how to enable your readers to perform the process themselves.

Giving instructions or directions is often done in point form: think of a recipe,

for example, or the instructions that come with a child’s toy, a barbecue, or a

piece of furniture from Ikea. Instructions are usually written in the second

person (you) and include commands (e.g., allow to dry for 10 minutes leave

yourself time to revise”)

2. Informational process: This type of process analysis describes how

something is done or is made, or worked. In explaining how hamburger get

from the farm to table, how snow flack, how the stoke market operates; you

don’t expect your readers to be able to reproduce the process. Your purpose is

simply to inform them about it.

Process analysis is usually written in third person (e.g., “wise writers leave

plenty of time for revision”) and often includes the passive voice (“when paper

has been edited, It is ready for submission”). Tone of your essay, and the

amount and kind of detail you include will vary depending on your audience

and purpose.

Grammar. Since you are giving general advice that will always be true, these

paragraphs will be written in simple present tense.

Also, notice that most of your sentences will be imperatives (commands). (Review: An

imperative sentence has no subject; for example, “Come here,” “Please answer the

phone,” and “Always pay your bills on time” are imperatives.)

You have a choice: you may use “you” as a subject, and write sentences like “You

should wear clothes you don’t mind getting dirty,” or “Choose several schools you are

interested in.” Or you may be more formal in your writing and never use the words

“I” and “you.” Both ways of writing are OK.



When is a process analysis required?

Directional process analysis is usually required as part of the Methodology section of lab

reports and studies. It may also be required in certain proposals. Informational process

analysis is often required in analytical essays that examine how a process works. Here

are some examples of university assignments requiring process analysis:

Management: Write a proposal for a training program for upgrading employee

communication skills.

Biology: Conduct a study to determine the seasonal growth rates of transplanted

deciduous trees.

Political Science/International Development Studies: How can non-governmental

organizations assist in the United Nations’ distribution of emergency aid in cases of

disaster relief?

Psychology: Plan a treatment program for autistic youth.

History: Analyze the negotiation process that led to the Warsaw Pact.

Anthropology: Compare the grooming rituals of captive and wild orangutans. As you

may notice from these examples, process analysis is often a part of other kinds of

analysis, such as comparison/contrast and cause and effect.

II. Part of Paragraph

1. Topic Sentence: The topic sentence names the process and indicates the

reason someone should be interested in knowing about this process .

Topic Sentence It’s time to choose the topic sentence. Complete the following

brain storming activity to decide on a topic.



Topics: Let’s start by looking at bad topics. A bad topic for this kind of

writing could have any of these problems:

Too few steps: like “How to blink your eyes.”

Too many steps: like “How to design, build, paint, and decorate a new house.”

Not interesting enough: “How to turn off a computer.”

Too specific to one person: “How I get ready for bed every night.” (Notice, this

could be a great topic for a personal essay – but the controlling idea of this

topic is really “Information about me,” not “Teaching the reader how to do

something.”)

Good topics have many steps, but not too many. They are usually useful to the

reader, but they could be humorous instead: for example, “How to embarrass

your teenage daughter” could be a great topic. You will not really try to teach

the reader anything with this topic, but they may laugh at your ideas.

Controlling Idea: These paragraphs always have a very similar controlling

idea. It’s something like “My directions for doing __________.” Remember

that a controlling idea reflects the writer’s opinion; your opinion is the steps

you choose to write. Also, the controlling idea may include your opinion of

whether the process is easy or hard to do.

Topic Sentence: Topic sentences for these paragraphs are also all similar.

They mention the topic and use words like “directions,” “steps,” “process” or

“procedure.” Here are some examples.



If you really want to embarrass your teenage daughter, just follow these easy

steps.

Repairing a broken screen door isn’t too hard. You can do it with a few simple

tools and these directions.

Anybody can cook a cup of instant noodles if they follow this process.

I’ll give you three main steps to follow, and your dog will be obedient in three

weeks.

Example :

Example It’s time to choose the topic sentence. Complete the following brain

storming activity to decide on a topic. This will later become your topic

sentence. 5 skills, activities or recipes that I know.

1. How to buy things online.

2. Making brownies in the microwave.

3. Downloading torrents online. 4. How to play Texas Hold ‘Em Poker.

5. Uploading a video to You Tube.

Example: Polygraph Testing

Many people know the terms polygraph and lie detector test, but many

are not familiar with how the test actually works. The test uses a process that

analyzes the physiological reactions in a person's body while he or she

answers questions. First, a device called a anemograph is attached to a

person's chest to record breathing patterns. Any abnormalities in respiratory

patterns are recorded during an official interview. Next, a machine similar to a

hose used in doctors' offices is attached to the person's upper arm to measure

blood pressure. During this part of the polygraph test, the pulse and changes in



blood pressure and heartbeat are recorded. Finally, skin responses are used as a

part of the lie detection examination. Usually, the tips of a person's fingers are

attached to electrodes. An abnormal amount of sweating is an indicator that

the person may be laying. After the preceding steps have been followed,

polygraph experts analyze the results. From the data, the experts may conclude

that the person is telling the truth, or they may decide that the person is most

likely lying.

Supporting Sentence:

The supporting sentences present the steps of the process in a clear manner

and in sequential order. They contain transitional expressions to illustrate the

sequence and to add interest, so that the paragraph doesn't sound like a mere

laundry list.Supporting Sentence List the steps needed in order to accomplish

the process from first to last. Be as simple and clear as possible.

Topic: _______________________________________________

Steps:

1.____________________________________

2.____________________________________

3.____________________________________

4.____________________________________

5. ____________________________________

Example :



Example List the steps needed in order to accomplish the process from first to

last. Be as simple and clear as possible. Topic: Making brownies in the

microwave. Steps: 1. Gather all the ingredients: eggs, butter or margarine,

water and brownie mix. 2. Pour the mix, the milk and one egg into a bowl and

mix it together until it gets thick. 3. Cover the cooking pan with butter so the

mix won’t stick to the bottom or the sides. 4. Pour the mix into the pan and

place it inside the microwave. 5. Heat in the microwave at a medium high heat

for 5 to 7 minutes. 6. Use a tooth pick to check the inside well done and not

gooey.

Example Polygraph Testing

Many people know the terms polygraph and lie detector test, but many are

not familiar with how the test actually works. The test uses a process that


answers questions. First, a device called a anemograph is attached to a

person's chest to record breathing patterns. Any abnormalities in respiratory

patterns are recorded during an official interview. Next, a machine similar

to a hose used in doctors' offices is attached to the person's upper arm to

measure blood pressure. During this part of the polygraph test, the pulse and

changes in blood pressure and heartbeat are recorded. Finally, skin

responses are used as a part of the lie detection examination. Usually, the

tips of a person's fingers are attached to electrodes. An abnormal amount of

sweating is an indicator that the person may be laying. After the preceding

steps have been followed, polygraph experts analyze the results. From the

data, the experts may conclude that the person is telling the truth, or they may

decide that the person is most likely lying.

Concluding Sentence:



The concluding sentence may congratulate the reader on now being able to do

something new, reaffirm the significance of understanding the process, or

summarize the results of the process that summarizes what the reader

accomplished by following the process. Remember that you can use

transitional words.

Concluding Sentence: _____________________________________

Example: Polygraph Testing




answers questions. First, a device called a anemograph is attached to a person's

chest to record breathing patterns. Any abnormalities in respiratory patterns

are recorded during an official interview. Next, a machine similar to a hose

used in doctors' offices is attached to the person's upper arm to measure blood

pressure. During this part of the polygraph test, the pulse and changes in blood

pressure and heartbeat are recorded. Finally, skin responses are used as a part

of the lie detection examination. Usually, the tips of a person's fingers are



polygraph experts analyze the results. From the data, the experts may

conclude that the person is telling the truth, or they may decide that the

person is most likely lying.

III. Signal of Transitional



first,

second,

third,

fourth,

fifth, etc.,

For the

first step,

For the

second

step,

and so on

next,

then,

following this,

after_______ ,

afterwards,

after this,

subsequently,

simultaneously,

concurrently,

while that is

happening,

during this time,

when ________,

finally,

at last,

for the

final

step,

to finish,

before

you are

done,

One last

point is

_____.

TRANSITIONS USED IN PROCESS ANALYSISMAJOR STEPS/STAGES SUB-STEPS/STAGES SUB-STEPS/STAGESFirst (begin) before thensecond during laterthird after whenfourth next as soon asfifth while priorfinally meanwhile subsequently

the first step

in the beginning

first of all

to begin with

to start with



the second step

next

while you are . . .

as you are . . .

eventually

after you have . . .

then

afterward

the last step

the final step

finally

at last

Example of using signal transition

It is fairly easy to cook a delicious apple cobbler. First, you will need to have

at least two cupsof apples on hand, and they should be peeled and sliced into

thin crescent shapes. Almost any type of apple will do--either red delicious or

granny style or whatever your local grocery store offers. Next, you will need

about one half cup of sugar for extra added sweetness. Either white granulated

sugar or brown refined will work equally well. (I have used both kinds with

the same success.) Finally, about two sticks of butter or two pounds of

margarine will be necessary to give the cobbler that lip-smacking smoothness

that my family just loves. The actual making of the cobbler is also fairly

simple. You’ll need a very large mixing bowl, into which you will pour all the

carefully cut apple slices as well as the sugar and the butter. Now you’ll need a

rather large fork or spatula to mix and “mush up” all the ingredients together

until they are all fairly well blended. While you have been doing all this, the

oven has been pre-heating to a toasty 425 degrees Fahrenheit. When you think



the mixture is well blended, then place the bowl carefully near the back of the

center oven rack and leave it there for about thirty minutes. After about half

thattime, you will begin to smell the enchanting aroma of baked apples filling

your home, thus telling everyone that the wonderful time of fall is definitely

here.

How to Make a Sand Castle

For young and old alike, a trip to the beach means relaxation, adventure, and a

temporary escape from the worries and responsibilities of ordinary life.

Whether swimming or surfing, tossing a volleyball or just snoozing in the

sand, a visit to the beach means fun. The only equipment you need is a twelve-

inch deep pail, a small plastic shovel, and plenty of moist sand.

Making a sandcastle is a favorite project of beach-goers of all ages. Begin by

digging up a large amount of sand (enough to fill at least six pails) and

arranging it in a pile. Then, scoop the sand into your pail, patting it down and

leveling it off at the rim as you do. You can now construct the towers of your

castle by placing one pailful of sand after another face down on the area of the

beach that you have staked out for yourself. Make four towers, placing each

mound twelve inches apart in a square. This done, you are ready to build the

walls that connect the towers. Scoop up the sand along the perimeter of the

fortress and arrange a wall six inches high and twelve inches long between

each pair of towers in the square. By scooping up the sand in this fashion, you

will not only create the walls of the castle, but you will also be digging out the

moat that surrounds it. Now, with a steady hand, cut a one-inch square block

out of every other inch along the circumference of each tower. Your spatula

will come in handy here. Of course, before doing this, you should use the

spatula to smooth off the tops and sides of the walls and towers.

You have now completed your very own sixteenth-century sandcastle. Though

it may not last for centuries or even until the end of the afternoon, you can still



take pride in your handicraft. Do make sure, however, that you have chosen a

fairly isolated spot in which to work; otherwise, your masterpiece may be

trampled by beach bums and children. Also, make a note on the high tides so

that you have enough time to build your fortress before the ocean arrives to

wash it all away.

The most widely used breadmaking process in the manufacture of commercial bread

is the sponge and dough method. The first step of this process involves setting a mixture

of flour, yeast, and water, called the "sponge," into the dough troughs. Seven hundred

pounds of flour, for example, may be conveyed mechanically from the flour storage bins

to the mixer. A yeast suspension is added to the flour, together with enough water to

make the total water content about 460 pounds. The ingredients are then combined into

the spongy mixture and placed into a dough trough where fermentation is permitted to

take place. Fermentation is the second step in the sponge and dough method. The dough

troughs are large, stainless steel oblong containers with rounded bottoms and are

mounted on wheels, to facilitate their being rolled into the fermentation room. Here,

where the temperature is held at 80 degrees F., the sponge ferments for about five hours.

During this time, there is a chemical interaction of carbonates and acids, causing the

sponge to rise. At the completion of the fermentation period, the sponge is ready for the

next step in the method, mixing the dough. The sponge is returned to the mixer together

with three hundred pounds of flour, 240 pounds of water, nonfat milk solids, and sugar.

These ingredients are mixed into a dough, a process which plays an important part in

determining the lightness and porousness of the ultimate loaf of bread. The fourth step is

the division of the dough pieces into loaf size. The dough is conveyed mechanically to

the dividing machine, which cuts the dough into pieces. From the divider, the pieces are

carried to an overhead machine called a proofer, where each piece of dough remains for

fifteen minutes. Here the dough is softened in preparation for the molder, which first

flattens the dough pieces and then curls the dough the length of the bread pan. After the

dough pieces have been panned, the pans are moved into a proof box under a constant

temperature of 100 degrees F. The actual baking, of course, concludes the entire process.



From the proof box, the pans go to the oven by means of traveling trays. The temperature

of the oven is maintained at 450 degrees F. in order to cause the dough to rise. The speed

of the trays is controlled so that the pans remain in the oven for exactly twenty-seven

minutes. As the bread emerges from the oven after that time, it is dumped from the pans

onto belts which convey it to the cooler. After about an hour and a half in the cooler, the

bread is carried once again, this time to the slicer, where it is mechanically sliced to

uniform thickness. Finally, the sliced loaf is wrapped by machine and made ready for

early morning delivery to the retail stores.

IV. Paragraph Writing

How to Raise a Tent

When you reach the spot you are looking for, you will need to make camp

by setting up a tent. One person can set up the tent, although it is easier with

two, and almost impossible with three or more. First, clear a 9 by 9 foot area

of snags, limbs, and anything that might pierce the bottom of the tent. Unfold

the tent so that the corners of the waterproof bottom form a square. Peg down

the corners of the bottom. Next, snap together all four external tent poles.

Place a pole near each of the pegs. Thread each pole through the two loops

leading toward the top of the tent. After you have all four poles in place, lift

one of the poles. While holding the pole up, pull its rope tight and peg it down,

so that the pole is held up by the rope and the pegs on opposing sides of the

tent bottom. Lift the pole on the opposite side of the tent in the same way, but

this time, fit it into the upper end of the standing pole before securing its rope.

Assemble the two remaining tent poles in a similar manner. Finally, unroll the

front flap to form an awning. Prop up the awning with the two remaining poles

and secure them with ropes. Congratulations, you are now ready to move in.



A process paragraph written in the passive voice:

Polygraph Testing




answers questions. First, a device called a anemograph is attached to a person's

chest to record breathing patterns. Any abnormalities in respiratory patterns

are recorded during an official interview. Next, a machine similar to a hose

used in doctors' offices is attached to the person's upper arm to measure blood

pressure. During this part of the polygraph test, the pulse and changes in blood

pressure and heartbeat are recorded. Finally, skin responses are used as a part

of the lie detection examination. Usually, the tips of a person's fingers are



polygraph experts analyze the results. From the data, the experts may conclude

that the person is telling the truth, or they may decide that the person is most

likely lying.

-------------------------



How to Drink a Milkshake Like a Child

by Delia Ephron

Bite off one end of the paper covering the straw. Blow through straw to

shoot paper across table. Place straw in shake and suck. When the shake just

reaches your mouth, place a finger over the top of the straw -- the pressure will

keep the shake in the straw. Lift straw out of shake, put bottom end in mouth,

release finger, and swallow. Do this until the straw is squished so that you

can't suck through it. Ask for another. Open it the same way, but this time

shoot the paper at the waitress when she isn't looking. Sip your shake casually

-- you are just minding your own business -- until there is about an inch of

shake remaining. Then blow through the straw until bubbles rise to the top of

the glass. When your father says he's had just about enough, get a

stomachache.

How to Make a Good Cup of Tea

Making a good cup of tea is exquisitely simple. First, the teapot is heated by

filling it with water that has just come to a boil. This water is then discarded,

and one teaspoon of loose tea per cup is placed in the teapot (the exact amount

may vary according to taste). Fresh water that has just come to a boil is poured

into the pot. A good calculation is six ounces of water for each cup of tea. The

tea must now steep for three to five minutes; then it is poured through a

strainer into a cup or mug. A pound of loose tea will yield about two hundred

cups of brewed tea. Using a tea bag eliminates the strainer, but it is still best to

make the tea in a teapot so that the water stays sufficiently hot. The typical

restaurant service—a cup of hot water with the tea bag on the side—will not

produce the best cup of tea because the water is never hot enough when it

reaches the table and because the tea should not be dunked in the water; the

water should be poured over the tea. Although tea in a pot often becomes too

strong, that problem can be dealt with very easily by adding more boiling

water. (From: Scarry S. and Scary J., 2011: 422)



An informational process paragraph explains how something works or how

something worked in the past. Its purpose is purely to provide information.

Such writing could be found easily in history books. For instance, if you

described how General Diponegoro planned his battle strategy, this would be

informational process writing. The following example explains the

developmental phases of the use of literature in the second or foreign language

teaching. In the paragraph, the transitional words that signal the steps or stages

of the process have been italicized.

The Use of Literary works in Second/Foreign Language Teaching

The use of literary works in the second/foreign language curriculum varies

greatly depending on the method dominating the practice. First, literary works

were notable sources of material when the Grammar Translation Method

dominated until the end of the 19th century. But they were absent from the

curriculum until 1970s when the Grammar Translation Method was

successively replaced by Structuralism Approach, Direct Method, Audio-

lingual Method, Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia, the Silent

Way, Total Physical Response, and the Natural Approach because these

methods tend to regard a second and foreign language teaching as a matter of

linguistics. They emphasize more on structures and vocabulary. Then literary

works became even more divorced from language teaching with the advent of

the communicative approach which focuses on the teaching of “usable,

practical” contents for enabling students to communicate orally. In this period

the second and foreign language classrooms were dominated by dialogues.

However, the situation changed quite radically since the 1980s when literature

has found its way back into the teaching of second and foreign language

though not in the way it was used with the Grammar Translation Method.

Afterward, literature undergoes an extensive reconsideration within the

language teaching profession.



To write a good process paragraph, you should pay attention to three

important things. First, make sure that the steps in the process are complete.

Following a procedure whose steps are incomplete will fail to produce the

expected result. Second, present the steps in the right sequence. For example,

if you are describing the process of cleaning an electric mixer, it is important

to point out that you must first unplug the appliance before you remove the

blades. A person could lose a finger if this part of the process were missing.

Improperly written instructions have caused serious injuries and even death.

(Scarry S. & Scary J., 2011: 415). Finally, use correct transitional words to

indicate the sequence of the process you are writing. the followings are

transitions commonly used in process analysis.

My Most Favorite Dish, You Can Make It Too

Today we are going to be making chicken primavera. Before you get started

you will need the following things: two or more skinless, boneless chicken

breasts; two cans of Cream of Mushroom soup; two cans of Cream of Chicken

soup; milk; butter; vegetable oil, spaghetti noodles (or any noodle of you

choice); and finally one very large sized frying pan. First you want to start the

water and about 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil boiling for the noodles (they

take the longest), and then while you have that going, start dicing you chicken

breast into about 1 inch cubes. After you get all of your chicken cut up you

want to start heating up your pan. Always start on high heat and then once the

ingredients are added the heat will get turned down. Once your frying pan is

hot put 1 tablespoon of butter into the frying pan, let that melt a little bit, and

then add your chicken. You want to make sure that the chicken is browned on

all sides, and if you were to cut a cube in half that the middle is white. Any

time while you are cooking you chicken, if the water is boiling, then you can

start boiling you noodles. When your chicken is done all the way through then

we make the sauce. Right there in the same pan that you cooked you chicken

in, add your two cans of Cream of Mushroom soup and your two cans of

Cream of Chicken soup. After dumping the soup into the pan, you will then



need to guess on the amount of milk that you put into the sauce. The more

milk that is added the thinner the sauce will be, and the less milk that is added

will give you a nicer creamier sauce. It depends on how thick or thin you like

your sauces. Make sure to keep stirring the noodles through out their cooking

process, or they will all be stuck together. While finishing cooking the noodles

turn the heat down on the sauce so that all it is going to do is warm up. You

don’t want the sauce to boil or else it will take longer to thicken up even if the

amount of milk was small. It only takes about 3-5 minutes for the sauce to

warm all the way through. Once the noodles are done then you can strain the

water off of them. Add about 1 tablespoon of butter to the drained noodles and

stir them really good to get that butter mixed in, this will keep the noodles

from sticking together until they can be served. Finally, all you need to do now

is dish up your plate of chicken primavera and enjoy. This recipe will feed

between 8-10 people in one sitting. If you need to make more than that,

just double the recipe and follow the same instructions. I hope that this

meal was as quick, easy, and delicious for you as it was for me.

~© Jessica Johnson 2005~

This is a great example of a process paragraph for the author is very thorough

within all of the steps. This particular paragraph would be easy for anyone

trying to make chicken primavera for the first time. She gives great process

steps such as before, first, and after. Something that could be considered for

the next revision would be not to use the word ‘you’. This writer was very

successful in creating a how-to paragraph as explained in our text and has

explained how to do what was stated in the topic sentence. This is definitely a

recipe that gets your mouth watering! ~© 2005 Jessica Johnson~

Ways to make Breaking up Easier



Breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend can be easier said than done, but

here are five steps that may help the breaking up process. First try to distance

yourself by suddenly becoming busier than usual. The next step is to calmly

tell the other person that how you are feeling.Then gently let him or her know

that you do not want to be together anymore. Then make sure to be sensitive

of his or her feelings and answer any questions that he or she may have. For

example, if the person starts to cry, use kind words to help comfort him or her.

After everything is said and done, take some alone time for your self because

everyone has feelings to sort out after a break up. Finally, go out with friends

and meet new people. With these five steps it will make the breaking up

process smooth for both parties.

~© Sara Bedwell~

How To Be A Good Friend

To be a good friend, an individual has to spend time working on her

friendships, or they will eventually fade. When two people first meet, they

both need to be sure they are acting in good manor, so they don’t scare the

other away. After they meet and start talking a few times, they will start

getting to know each other, calling each other, and spending more time with

each other. That is how a friendship begins. After they call each other

“friends”, the friendship has to be made through the effort of more than just

one person, so each has to do her own part. Friendships shouldn’t take a lot of

money but they do take a lot of time and care. Friends should always listen to

what the other has to say, and then should give advice only when asked for it.

No matter how much friends are alike, everyone has differences, so a friend

should be able to accept their differences. After being a friend to a person for a

long period of time, one might get tired of hearing repeated problems

everyday, but a good friend will always be there for her friend no matter what.


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