C. Process Approach

defines as a teaching in which knowledge is used as a means to develop students learning skills. it originated from and used to be a monopoly of science instruction. today, it is identified primarily with skill- oriented subjects like practical arts, home economics, and even with knowledged laden subjects like social studies.Ex. If they are to learn cooking, they should actually cook rather than devote a great deal of their time on the theoretical aspects of cooking

Three major points ( Essence of the Process Approach)

Emphasis on process approach implies a corresponding deemphasis on the subject content.It centers upon the idea that what is taught to chikdren should be functional and not theoretical.3. It introduces the consideration of human intellectual development.

ADVANTAGES:Teaching a man how to catch a fish is much better than giving him fish every time he needs it this is the adage recognized by process approach.By developing the skills of the students, the teacher is preparing him to be independent, self-sufficient, and productive person. This gives substance to education as a process of preparing one for his own life.

I. Social StudiesThinking Skillsobserving, describing, developing concepts, differentiating, defining, hypothesizing, comparing and contrasting, generalizing, predicting, explaining and offering alternatives.b. Academic SkillsReading, viewing, listening, outlining, note-taking, caption-writing, making charts, reading and interpreting maps, diagramming, tabulating, constructing timeliness and asking relevant questions

c. Social SkillsPlanning with others, participating in research projects, participating productively in group discussion, responding courteously to the questions of others, leading group discussion, acting responsibly and helping others.

II. ScienceBasic Skills Observing, classifying, using numbers, measuring, using space time relationship, communicating, predicting and inferring.b. Integral Skills - Defining operationally, formulating hypotheses, interpreting data, controlling variables and experimenting

III. Language (English, Filipino)a. Speaking Proper pronunciation and enunciation, good diction. Voice modulation, quality, pitch, and timbre, etc.b. Listening Concentrating, deciphering ideas, analysing and interpreting, getting the main thought, etc.c. Reading Speed and comprehension, reading between lines, sequencing, comparing and contrasting, drawing out the main idea or the moral lesson, interpreting a selection, generalizing, etc.d. Writing Jotting down important notes, outlining, summarizing, mastering the mechanics of writing like spelling, use of punctuation marks, and use of small and capital letters, writing a composition following qualities like good grammar, simplicity and cohesiveness, etc.

IV. MathematicsBasic Skills Placing numbers in columns, mastering the four fundamental processes, getting the percentage, finding the least common denominator, changing fractions to decimals and vice-versa.

Complex Skills Getting the square root, computing mean, median, and standard deviation, solving one step problem and two or three-step problems, etc.

V. Physical Educationa. Gymnastics developing coordination and vigor, practicing alertness, quickness to respond, poise, and grace, exercising muscular strength, maintaining normal functioning of the organic system of the body, etc.b. Organized Games and Relay Skills Cultivating a general ball sense for application in team games, practicing throwing, catching, bouncing and aiming the ball, participating in lead-up activities that will increase interest and ability to play games, etc.

c. Rhythmic Skills- Mastering some fundamental dance steps, demonstrating skills in various rhythmic skills, etc.

d. Body Mechanics acquiring a good body posture in different positions, (sitting, walking, standing, running, kneeling, lying, etc.)

e. Locomotor Skills Demonstrating the ability to move from one place to another with the greatest degree of safety and speed, exercising to develop body coordination, agility and timing, etc.

D. Inquiry Approach

The inquiry approach is the search for truth, information or knowledge. It pertains to research and investigation and to seeking for information by asking questions (Kilnkmann, 1970)The inquiry approach is also a search for the solution to a problem through an exploration and evaluation of alternatives (Suchman, 1964)CHARACTERISTICS: It views a given discipline as an attitude than as a body of knowledge or as a method.It emphasizes the affective aspects of learning.

It uses both the content and processes as means toward the development of the qualities of the mind as curiosity, scepticism, intellectual honesty and others.Its primary aim is the development of a desirable attitude including proper appreciation and valuing.It can either be inductive or deductive. Deductive if the teacher in the beginning provides the students with background information which will serve as the subject of the inquiry.Inductive when through a set of questions presented, the students are able to come up with certain ideas of their own which are open for further investigation.

In using this approach, the questions should proceed from the very factual to thought- provoking questions that is from the what questions to the how and why questions.More opportunities should be provided to students to respond to questions that call for analysis, interpretation, evaluation and judgement. the inquiry approach simply calls for the use of systematic method of studying a problem so that solutions therefore be equally prepared and implemented.

ADVANTAGES:

It requires them to go beyond the knowledge and skill levels of the learning toward the affective dimensions like their attitudes, values, appreciations and the like.They are expected to become more analytical and less gullible.When students have adopted the spirit of inquiry, they become more curious and observant individuals.

Thank you!