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Image analysis based on prior information

Document or GIS image acquisision

Character or mark image segmentation

Preprocessing of objective images

Feature extraction

Character or GIS mark shape recognition

Decision and postprocessing

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(10) The concave model in direction of code 7.

(9) The convex model in direction of code 7.

direction of code 1.(16) The concave model in(15) The convex model in

direction of code 1.(14) The concave model in direction of code 3.


(3) The convex model in direction of code 4. direction of code 0.

(2) The concave model in direction of code 0.(1) The convex model in

direction of code 4.(4) The concave model in

direction of code 6.(5) The convex model in (6) The concave model in

direction of code 6. direction of code 2.(7) The convex model in (8) The concave model in

direction of code 2.

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1

2

4

6

7

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0

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148.18 convex

5 315.00 0.000

167.47 0.366

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288.00 −0.474

200.85 0.607

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1

2

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6

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0

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71.57 convex

140.71 convex

5 315.00 0.000

161.57 0.759

ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle angle

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line[j]

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line[j+1]

(30) (31) (32)(29)

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line[j]

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213

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line[j]

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338.20 −1.127

(+ or −) (convex or concave)

56.31 0.416

166.61 1.216

17

19

20

203.96 0.685

161.57 0.000

22

24

25

221.63 0.263

ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle (+ or −) (convex or concave)

1

2

244.54 1.083

347.47 0.732

0

4

6

7

9

11

12

13

300.96 −0.743

36.87 0.133

3 23.63 0.153

5 354.29 −0.055

8

10

14

15

16 254.74 0.606

69.70 convex

101.89 convex

91.86 convex

129.22 concave

87.84 concave

130.24 convex18 111.80 −0.371

141.58 convex

96.58 concave

21 116.56 −0.447 110.56 concave

159.44 concave

23 98.13 convex

108.43 convex

138.37 convex

157.10 convex

77.07 convex

143.84 convex

97.33 concave

126.67 convex

137.42 convex

118.12 convex

106.03 concave

114.78 convex

71.57 convex

76.76 concave

148.24 concave

94.76 concave

98.75 0.310

24.78 −0.907

90.00 0.000

198.43 0.712

95.19 −0.498

63.43 0.447

47.12 0.246

26.56 −0.089

108.43 0.474

180.00 0.000

199.98 −0.376

angle angle ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle

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ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle

111.80 convex

4

110.56 convex

0

69.44 convex

210.80 0.066

270.00 0.000

3 90.00 convex

158.20 convex

1

2 20.55 1.248

90.00 0.000

180.00 0.000

(+ or−) (convex or concave)angle

ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle (+ or−) (convex or concave)

114.23 convex

4

350.54 0.296 143.97 convex

0

101.31 0.349

213.69 −0.333

270.46 −0.493

180.00 0.0005

3 26.56 −0.447

108.92 convex

101.31 convex

2

1

105.26 convex

146.31 convex

angle

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33.02 0.728

(+ or −) (convex or concave)

90.00 0.000

174.29 0.166

ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle (+ or −) (convex or concave)

85.24 convex

1

2

296.57 −0.298

338.20 −0.464 111.80 concave

0

3

4

6

7

270.00 0.000 76.61 concave

9 340.02 1.132

166.61 0.389

270.00 0.00

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10201.80 0.635

138.37 convex

144.81 convex

111.80 convex

101.89 convex

91.26 concave

99.36 convex

174.29 0.387

9.46 0.296

351.87 0.685

40.60 0.253

77.91 0.586

118.61 −0.607

123.02 convex

95.71 convex

69.15 concave

126.03 concave

162.41 concave

131.27 convex

142.70 convex

139.29 convex

124.32 convex

152.49 convex

5 201.80 0.586

348.11 0.598

8 259.38 0.884

126.99 convex

63.43 0.447

angle ln Curvature Linearuty Bend angle

angle

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The handwirtten digits

No Yes

Finish processing

and adjunctive segments

Determine the main region

Determine how many segments inthe digit field: one;

YesNo

Determinine the main segment

Determine whether the adjunctive segment is in the main region?

Yes No

1.The recognition of the main segment2. The recognition of the adjunctive segment

or not (the adjunctivesegment being not in

segment being spuriousDetecting an adjunctiveDetecting an adjunctive

segment being spuriousor not (the adjunctivesegment being in themain region) the main region)

more than one;

The preprocessing

contour

5. Extracting skeletons4. Extracting structural points

3. Linearization of smoothed2. Smoothing contour1. Contour following

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Correcting the preselectedbroken points

The handwirtten digits

No Yes YesNo

No Yes

Preprocessing 21. Contour following2. Smoothing contour3. Linearization of

smoothed contour4. Extracting structural

5. Extracting skeletonspoints

Preprocessing 1

Determining how many block

one: more than one: Yes

Detecting and deleting spurious segments ofthe digit field

Determining whether theprocessed digit is aninternally broken digit:

between two block regions Preselecting broken points

(the main segment and the adjunctive segment)

NoYes

regions in the digit field:one:

Reconstruction and recognition of theinternally broken digits

Finish processing

Determining how many block

more than one:No

regions in the digit field:

1. Contour following

2. Detecting constrained

3. Constrained dilationcontour points

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(4) The original image.(3) The filled and dilated result.

holeSpurious

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(2) The original iage.element.

(1) The structural

(5) The filled and dilated result.

code 0points in

points incode 4

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Handwritten digits Reconstruction

Preprocessing

How many segmentsin the digits?

Separation of spurioussegments

How many segmentsin the digits?

One

>one One

>one

No

YesRecognition of digits withone segment (no internallybroken digits)

Recognition of internallybroken digits

Internally broken digits?

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k = 1

k = 0k = 2 noyes y > y ?

How many pairs pairs of structurepoint S and ] :

**

digit 3digit 7 (having a crossed line at thevertical part of 7)

* digit 2 (having no lowerleft hole)

* digit 2 (having lowerleft hole)

* digit 7 (having no crossed line at the vertical part of 7

****

digit 0

digit 6 (having lowerdigit 6digit 1

left hole)* numeral 6 (having no

upper left hole)* digit 8 (having both

upper left hole andlower left hole)digit 8 (having lower*left hole)

*

*

*

digit 4 (having no upperleft hole)digit 4 (having upperleft hole)digit 5

left hole)digit 9 (having upperleft hole)

*

digit 9 (having no upper*

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of object imagescolour separation

structural pointsextraction of

recognitionshapepatterns andmorphological Preprocessing

binaryimages

1. Contour

2. Contour smoothfollowing

following

Linearization and seriesof description features

Output found

2. The curvature angle

1. Linearization

3. The bend angle oflinearized lines

of linearized lines

and main colour and shape Prior information: key text,

of object image

Input color images (document GIS images)

3. Filling

object images

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