produccion de carne de conejos en europa

8/7/2019 Produccion de Carne de Conejos en Europa

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The rabbit industry in Europe

The rabbit industry in France

The French breeding program

CSIRO Chiswick Field day 6 April 2002


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The European rabbit meat production

SPAIN ITALY

GRECE

IRELAND

GREAT BRITAIN

8 000 T

PORTUGAL

FINLAND

DANEMARK

HOLLAND

GERMANY

BELGIUM

World production : 1 300 000 T Europe : 700 000 T


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Several production levels areas in Europe

Intensive production areas : average 500-1000 breeding does per farmSpecialized breeding

The west of France, Italy, Mediterranean Spain, Portugal, Holland

Low production areas :Many small rural farms

Germany, the east and centre of France, the south of Spain

Medium intense production areas : smaller farmsrabbit breeding are often part of the farm activity

The South of France, the north of Spain, the south of Portugal

Rabbits desert : Rabbit production is almost nullEngland and northern Europe


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The rabbit meat consumption in Europe

Malta

Italy

Spain

France

Belgium

Holland

Portugal

Danemark

Germany

Grece

Main rabbit meat consumers countries : Italy, France, Ukraine, Spain, China, Russia

(kg/person/year)


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The international rabbit meat trade

80 % of the world import are made by the European Union

Main importer countries : Italy, Belgium, France, Germany

Main exporter countries : China, Eastern Europe countries


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The rabbit marketing

Country Carcass weight (kg)

Italy (Piemont) 1,6 - 1,8

Germany 1,6 - 1,8

Italy (Venetie) 1,4 - 1,5

France 1,3 1,4

Greece 1,0 - 2,0Portugal 1,0 - 1,3

Italy (Campanie) 1,0 - 1,2

Spain 1,0 - 1,2

Traditional carcass weight in different countries and European regions


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The rabbit industry in France


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RATIONAL PRODUCTION

100 000 T (live weight)

NATIONAL MARKET

90 000 T dressed

RECORDED SLAUGHTERING

56 000 T dressed 343 abattoirs

FAMILIAL PRODUCTION

50 000 T (live weight)IMPORT

9800 T dressed

EXPORT6600 T dressed

RABBIT FOOD

610 000 T

CATERING

10 000 T

FAMILY PURCHASE

68 000 T

67 % in Supermaket

SELF-CONSUMPTION

12 000 T

THE FRENCH RABBIT PRODUCTION


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Meat consumption in France in 2000

(Thousands Tonnes dressed)

1476

2247

1546

297

32.7

728

382188

51.4 58.9

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Allpoul

try

PorkBeef

Sheep

Horse

Chicken

Turkey

DuckGuinea

fowl

Rabbit


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Evolution of the meat consumption 2000\1999

-6.80%

-0.50%

-2.10%

1.00% 1.10%

4.60%

-2.10%-2.80%

Beef Sheep Pork All Poultry

Turkey Duck Chicken Rabbit


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Evolution of rabbit price

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

AUS $/ kg live

+2%/ year

+ 6.7 %


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Rabbit reproduction

31%

69%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Natural mating Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination has become the main reproduction technique in rabbit

A large number of doe can be bred at one time (time gain)

Provides large batches of kits at uniform age

Allow all-in all-out system (cleaning and disinfection are easier)


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Doe management

10%

24%

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Cla

alMa a t

2 Bat

h

S

le Bat

h

Single Batch, AI every 42 days

1Days

AI 1 Birth 1 AI 2

42

Wean.1

2 Batches, AI every 21 days

1Days

AI 1 Birth 1 AI 2

42

Wean.1

AI 1 Birth 1 AI 2 Wean.1

21 63

Batch 1

Batch 2


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Current production situation in France (1997)

Number of kindling/doe/year : 7 Replacement rate : 117 %

Doe mortality : 30 %

Fertility : 75 %

Litter size born : 9.

8kittens

Mortality birth to weaning : 15 %

Mortality weaning to market : 14 %

Number of Kittens/doe/year : 44

Live weight at slaughter : 2.4 kg (10 weeks)

Average rabbit price (AUS $) : 2.7

Average food price (AUS $) : 0.32

Income after accounting for food cost/doe/year (AUS $) : 156


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The French breeding program


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The rabbit selection :

a breeders request

Myxomatosis

19521952SNEALC

19611961

19721972

Ministry

ofagriculture

INRA

19681968

Nationalscheme


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From 1968 to

1972

9 lines were used

in cross-breedingexperiments

2 lines havebeen chosen :

Californian

New Zealand

High heterosiseffects havebeenshownfor fertility (8%)etla

prolificacy (15%)


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1972:

athree waycrossbreedingprogram isset up

A

A B

BSELECTIONSELECTION

A : litter size at birthA : litter size at birth

B : litter size at weaningB : litter size at weaning

INRA

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

ABC: Rabbit for meatABC: Rabbit for meat

Commercialbreedings

MULTIPLICATIONMULTIPLICATION Associatedbreedings

cAB

A B

c


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In 1975:

INRA provide the breeders with 2500 purebreed 1077 does (B type)

Whichrepresentapotentialof

37 500 crossbredfemales inbreedings

Whichsoonbecome insufficient !!!


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1984:The over-mutiplication

or the associated selection

A

A

A

B

B

B

C

An additionnal floor

AA B A BB

Similar line A Similar line B

INRA

Associatedbreedings


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1996 :introduction of a new selection criterion1996 :introduction of a new selection criterion

Weight at 63 days

Theline 1077 (A type) isselectedfrom thisdateon :

littersizeand weightat 63 days


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Parental does breeds used in France (1994)

Breed Number Number of Doe Number of rabbit Average com.

of farm (thousands) per doe per year live weight

Pure Breed 272 25.7 43 2.37

New-Zealand 94 13.6 47 2.35

Califonian 37 2.2 39 2.51

Crossbredor composite line 1672 453.3 49 2.36

Vitaline 30 12.7 53 2.38

Hyplus 780 INRA 236.5 51 2.36

Solaf 47 9.4 50 2.38

Hyla 532 130.6 47 2.36Hycole 122 33.2 47 2.36

Zika 33 4.8 41 2.72

Other 492 67 40 2.37

Total 2 308 519.9 48 2.37


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The new requests of breeders

.C

ulling and mortality of reproductive females are high

. In high size litters, kittens remain weak and the heterogeneityof weights at slaughter is a problem for selling animals

.In 1997 the enterocolitis causes high mortality in rabbit farmsand oblige the breeders to use antibiotics


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Study of a selection for canalisation of nativeweight (M. San Cristobal)

Experiment to evaluate the genetic resistance to

enterocolitis (H. de Rochambeau)

Survival analyse of reproductive females(V.Ducrocq)


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France is number 1

for rabbit selectionin the world

7 rabbits out of 10 eaten inFrance come from the

INRA breeding scheme

In 2001, what is the program result ? :

produccion de carne de conejos en europa

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