Prof. Alex TorpianoUniversity of Maltay

6th May 2011

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BEN 1001 Design Workshop 1* 12 150

Year 1 Semester 1 & 2

Current B.E.&A. Part 1 – everything is mandatory

BEN 1001 Design Workshop 1 12 150

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.AUD 1001 Human-Environment Studies 4 28MAT 1801 Mathematics for Engineers 1 4 28

Year 1 Semester 1Code Subject ECTS Hrs.

AUD 1004 History of Architecture & Urbanism 2

4 28

MAT 1802 Mathematics for Engineers 2 4 28

Year 1 Semester 2

BCE 1001 Construction Systems and Materials 1: Building Materials

4 28

BCE 1002 Architectural Science 1 4 28BCE 1003 Introduction to Structure Systems 4 28AUD 1002 History of Architecture & Urbanism 4 28

BCE 1004 Construction Systems and Materials 2 Concrete Technology

4 28

BCE 1005 Structural Mechanics 4 28BCE 1006 Fluid Mechanics 4 28BCE 2004 Surveying 4 28

Y 2 S 1 Y 2 S 2Year 2 Semester 1 Year 2 Semester 2Code Subject ECTS Hrs.

BEN 2001 Design Workshop 3 6 42hrs (150) AUD 2001 History of Architecture & Urbanism 4 28AUD 1003 Urban Studies 1 4 28SCI 2101 Mathematics & Statistics for Civil 4 28

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BEN 2002 Design Workshop 4 6 42hrs (150)BLH 2002 Introduction to Conservation Studies 4 28AUD 2003 History of Architecture & Urbanism 4 28SCI 2102 Mathematics & Statistics for Civil 4 28SCI 2101 Mathematics & Statistics for Civil

Engineers I4 28

BCE 2001 Construction Systems & Materials 3 Concrete Technology

4 28

BCE 2003 Structures 1 4 28BCE 2008 Soil Mechanics & Geotechnics 1 4 28

SCI 2102 Mathematics & Statistics for Civil Engineers II

4 28

BCE 2005 Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics 2 4 28BCE 2006 Structures 2 4 28BCE 2009 Building Physics 4 28

Year 3 Semester 2Year 3 Semester 1

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BEN 3001 Design Workshop 5 6 42hrs (150) AUD 3001 Urban Studies 2 4 28AUD 3002 History of Architecture & Urbanism 4 28BCE 3001 Construction Systems & Materials 4 4 28

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BEN 3002 Design Workshop 6 6 42hrs (150)AUD 3003 History of Architecture & Urbanism 4 28AUD 3004 Project Management 4 28BCE 3005 Construction Systems & Materials 5 4 28

Year 3 Semester 2

BCE 3001 Construction Systems & Materials 4 Building Construction

4 28

BCE 3002 Environmental Control Systems 4 42BCE 3003 Structures 3 4 28BCE 3004 Civil Engineering 1

Hydrology and Marine Engineering4 28

Building ConstructionBCE 3006 Structures 4 4 28BCE 3007 Road Engineering 4 28BCE 3008 Civil Engineering 2 Hydraulics and

Public Health Engineering4 28

Current B.E.&A. Part 2 - Engineering Stream

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BCE 4004 Philosophy of Structural Design 4 28BCE 4027 Architecture and Society 1 4 28

Year 4 Semester 1 Year 4 Semester 2Code Subject ECTS Hrs.

BEN 4001 Research Methodology 4 28BEN 4002 Building & Land Economics 4 28

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BCE 4095 Design Workshop 1 10 (42hrs)

150 hrsBCE 4007 Structural Concrete 1 4 28

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BCE 4097 Design Workshop 2 10 (42hrs) 150

hrsBCE 4002 Structural Masonry 4 28

BCE 4008 Structural Steelwork 1 4 28and one of the following:

BCE 4012 Engineering Analysis 1 4 28BCE 4010 Building Technology 4 28BCE 4009 Road Engineering 1 4 28BLH 4011 Conservation Studies 1 4 28

and any two of the followingBCE 4013 Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics 4 28BCE 4015 Structural Steelwork 2 4 28BCE 4016 Advanced Construction Technology 4 28BCE 4011 Water Engineering 4 28

Year 5 Semester 1 Year 5 Whole Year

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BEN 4010 Architecture and Society 2 4 28

Code Subject ECTS Hrs.BCE 4028 Design Project Workshop 28 (196 hrs)

750hrsCode Subject ECTS Hrs.BCE 4021 Structural Concrete 2 4 28

and any two of the followingBCE 4022 Rock Engineering 4 28BCE 4023 Seismic Engineering 4 28BCE 4014 Numerical Analysis in Engineering 4 28

750hrs BEN 4003 Dissertation 16 (96 hrs)

400hrs

BCE 4014 Numerical Analysis in Engineering 4 28

WHY CHANGE?

• Conformity With Bologna Process 5-Year Bachelors to become

2-Tier: 3-Year Bachelors + 2-Year Masters(actually 1+3+2)

• Architect-Engineer Dilemma

• SWOT Analysis

• Models? Precedent? Can it be done?

Precedent - Is it possible?In 1981, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe prepared recommendationson the specialized training of architects, town planners, civil engineers and landscapedesigners. It was proposed that the following educational objectives should be defined:• stimulating thought and hence inculcating a new philosophy of the environment, withparticular reference to the architectural and natural heritages including social aspects;• creating understanding of and respect for the various scientific disciplines relating to theenvironment and to its importance as framework for living conditions;• preparing for co-operation, notably by means of joint exercises throughout the trainingperiod.

The Committee proposed that a common core should be established for universitystudies in the four disciplines directly concerned by integrated conservation, withoutprejudice to the specific character of studies in each discipline, so as:• to make clear that any action involving one of those disciplines is but partial and belongs toa general pattern;• to foster the adoption of a common language for the various participants, in order to createan atmosphere of inter-disciplinarity and clarity, which is often lacking at present.

It was suggested that this could be achieved by arranging the basic educational subjects intothree families, i.e.:• modes of perception of space;• the history of the heritage and of civilisations;• the relationship between man and his environment .

Title of European Engineer - FEANI

a. An understanding of the engineering profession, and of the registrant'sresponsibility to colleagues, to employers or clients, to the community and tothe environment.

b. A thorough knowledge of the principles of engineering, based on physics andmathematics, appropriate to his discipIine.

c. A general knowledge of good engineering practice, in his field of engineering and theproperties, behaviour, fabrication and use of materials and components.

d. Familiarity with the tools of the new technologies and ability to handle technicaly g yinformation and statistics.

e. The ability to develop and use theoretical models from which the behaviour of the physicalworld can be predicted.p

f. A capacity to exercise independent technical judgement through scientific analysis andlogical thought.

g. An ability to work on multi-disciplinary projects.

Title of European Engineer - FEANI

h. Knowledge of industrial relations and the principles of management, taking into accounttechnical, financial and human considerations.

i. Skill in communication, oral and written, including the ability to write clear, cogent reports.

j. An ability to apply the principles of good design in the interest of ease of manufacture andi d li i lmaintenance, and quality, at economical cost.

k. An active appreciation of the progress of technical change and of the continuing need not torely solely on established practice but to cultivate an attitude of innovation and creativity inth i f th f i f i ithe exercise of the profession of engineering.

I. An ability to assess conflicting and multifarious factors (e.g. cost, quality and time-scale)both in the short and long terms and to find the best engineering solution.

m. An ability to provide for environmental considerations.

n. The capacity to mobilize human resources.

o. The aim to be fluent one European language other than the mother tongue.

FEANI - Criteria for admission to index - Eur.Ingg

Basic sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geology, ...) must represent aminimum of 20% of the overall ECTS. Higher Mathematics (linear algebra, analyticalgeometry, differential and integral calculus, numerical analysis, operational research,geometry, differential and integral calculus, numerical analysis, operational research,discrete mathematics, statistics, ...) must represent a minimum of 24 ECTS.Engineering subjects must correspond to a minimum of 60% or 50% of the overall ECTS, if itsduration is 3U or longer, respectively.Non-technical subjects (communication skills, economics, management, team working, law,

f t i t l ) t d t i i f 10% f th llsafety, environment, languages, … ) must correspond to a minimum of 10% of the overallECTS.One subject may be integrated in more than one of the above classifications, contributingwith its ECTS to them.

3 YEARS > 3 YEARS

Basic Sciences(Mathematics)

≥20%( >24 ECTS)

≥20%( >24 ECTS)(Mathematics) ( >24 ECTS) ( >24 ECTS)

Engineering subjects

≥60% ≥50%

Non technical  ≥10% ≥10%Non‐technical subjects

≥10% ≥10%

Title of Architect – European Level - Qualifications Directive (Article 46):

1. an ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements,2 d t k l d f th hi t d th i f hit t d th l t d t t h l i d2. an adequate knowledge of the history and theories of architecture and the related arts, technologies and

human sciences,3. a knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design,4. an adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process,5. an understanding of the relationship between people and buildings, and between buildings and theirg p p p g , g

environment, and of the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale,6. an understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of the architect in society, in particular in

preparing briefs that take account of social factors,7. an understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project,8 an understanding of the structural design constructional and engineering problems associated with8. an understanding of the structural design, constructional and engineering problems associated with

building design,9. an adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and of the function of buildings so as to

provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate,10. the necessary design skills to meet building users' requirements within the constraints imposed by cost

factors and building regulations,11. an adequate knowledge of the industries, organizations, regulations and procedures involved in

translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning.

So there can be “commonality of interest, knowledge and method”(E.Happold, Design and the Profession, 1983)

Faculty for the Built Environment

BOLOGNA PROCESS

1 3 2+ + P1 3 2+ + P

Academic Development Plan - Outline

B.Sc. Built Environment Studies - Summary of Programme of Study

OBJECTIVES OF THREE-YEAR COURSE:

1. to allow candidates to CHOOSE, and be SUITABLY QUALIFIED for taking, one of three mainprofessional masters:

Architecture and Urban DesignStructural and Civil EngineeringSpatial Planning and Infrastructure,

(later also other specialization masters, e.g. Conservation, Construction Management, Environmental(later also other specialization masters, e.g. Conservation, Construction Management, EnvironmentalDesign).

2. to allow the candidates AS MUCH TIME AS POSSIBLE to make this selection, i.e. as fewmandatory subjects as possible, but to offer targeted electives, which have, at least in the first three

t l t f lit th t t d t b f th idth fsemesters, a large component of commonality – so that students become aware of the width ofpossibilities, and also of their own aptitudes, before they make a choice.

Selection of study-units will be guided. Each professional masters degree route will include the minimumrange of disciplines to be taken before admission. The study-units offered will therefore be grouped ing p y g pthemes, and students will be required to obtain established amounts of credits, from each theme, as requiredby the respective Masters programme. Students should find choice, even within the same theme, so that (a)there is no single mould for all these aspiring professionals; (b) the possibilities of study are widened beyondthe current limitations of a completely mandatory programme, (c) within as efficient use of resources aspossiblepossible.

Study-units, grouped under generic headings, including, taught via formal lectures/seminars plus DesignWorkshops.

Environmental Design TopicsF d t l   f E i t l D i

Sustainable Development TopicsAn Introduction to Sustainable Development

SOME STUDY-UNIT GROUPS

Fundamentals of Environmental DesignEnvironmental Design of Interior SpacesEnvironmental Control SystemsEnergy Efficient DesignPrinciples of Lighting in ArchitecturePassive Design Techniques for Sustainable 

An Introduction to Sustainable DevelopmentClimate Change – Phenomena and impactsImpact AssessmentSustainability of Construction and Structural SystemsManagement of Wastes

G h i l E i i  T iPassive Design Techniques for Sustainable Architecture

Construction Technology TopicsElements in BuildingsJoinery and Timber

Geotechnical Engineering TopicsEngineering geology of the Maltese IslandsBasics of geotechnical engineeringBehavior of ground materialsGround investigation techniques

Materials TopicsConstruction MaterialsDegradation of Construction MaterialsIntroduction to Material ScienceConstruction Materials Technology and the Environment

Water and Mineral Resources TopicsHydrologyCivil Engineering Hydraulics

Road Transport TopicsHydrology

Structural Engineering Design TopicsImpact of Structure on Architectural FormIntroduction to Structural SystemsStructural MechanicsTheory of Structures

HydrologyCivil Engineering Hydraulics

Management TopicsContract Administration and Production ManagementTheory of Structures

Structural ConcreteStructural MasonryStructural Steelwork

Contract Administration and Production ManagementIntroduction to Project ManagementIntroduction to Construction ManagementQuantity SurveyingLand and Building SurveyingConstruction and Planning LegislationProject Planning

Mathematics and Computing TopicsStatistics Project Planning

Property Management (Valuations, Property Law, Building Surveys)Value and Risk Management

StatisticsMathematicsComputer LanguagesMathlab

RATIONALE OF RE-STRUCTURING – NATIONAL STRATEGIC PRIORITIES

Importance of the Environment is recognized in all National Strategic Documents as aImportance of the Environment is recognized in all National Strategic Documents as amajor strategic priority, (vide the National Strategic Reference Document 2007-2013, October 2006, the Pre-Budget Document 2006-2010, A SustainableDevelopment Strategy for the Maltese Island, 2007-2016, The National StrategicPlan for Research & Innovation, 2007-2010, Draft Further and Higher EducationPlan for Research & Innovation, 2007 2010, Draft Further and Higher EducationStrategy Document, by 2020). The link between environmental “attractiveness” andeconomic progress is repeatedly acknowledged.

Out of 10 topics reviewed in the Analysis of Malta’s Socio-Economy, at least 8 areOut of 10 topics reviewed in the Analysis of Malta s Socio Economy, at least 8 aredirectly or indirectly related to the Built Environment. In the same document, theSWOT analysis shows that out of 26 topics identified as weaknesses, 11 are relatedto the Built Environment, whilst one of the important threats is environmentaldegradation.degradation.

The National Strategic Reference Document 2007-2013, October 2006, identifiesan urgent need to address existing deficiencies in Malta’s physical infrastructure –environment, energy, transport. Strategic Objective 2 addresses the need to improve, gy, p g j pMalta’s attractiveness and quality of life, via improvements in transport infrastructure,in the environment, energy and urban regeneration (four relevant themes out of atotal of six).

One of the three central aims of A Sustainable Development Strategy for thegyMaltese Island, 2007-2016 is the protection of the environment and the prudent useof natural resources. Through The Malta National Reform Programme (2005), theMaltese government identified the need for Malta to offer quality education as well asto respond to new occupational needs, key competences and future skillrequirements. One major area targeted for reform is that of climate change, wheregovernment is targeting a decrease in greenhouse gases through energy savingtechniques, especially within the building construction industry.

The National Strategic Plan for Research & Innovation, 2007-2010, highlights theneed for research in water, energy and environment. Environment and EnergyResources, including energy efficiency, water and waste rehabilitation technologies,are identified as one of the platforms of strategic importance.

Energy is given the top ranking as an area of national interest and economicperformance. Runner-up rankings are given to four other areas of relevance to theFaculty for the Built Environment, (out of six), including Water, Transport,Environment and Masonry. In the environmental technologies identified for strategicGovernment intervention, one finds solar heating, solar cooling, wind energy, energy-efficient buildings, conservation of rainwater, water consumption technologies, wasterehabilitation technologies.

WHAT WE ALREADY HAVE:WHAT WE ALREADY HAVE:

Architecture and Urban Designarchitectural and urban design, including history of architecture, theory ofarchitecture, interior architecture and landscape architecture.

Built HeritageBuilt Heritageconservation of the local built heritage, deterioration and repair interventions ofheritage masonry structures, preservation of archaeological sites and historiclandscapes, environmental issues in degradation mechanisms.

Civil and Structural Engineeringfocusing on building structures, structural materials, geo-technical engineering, andfocusing on building structures, structural materials, geo technical engineering, andmarine and other civil engineering structures.

WHERE WE WANT TO GROW:WHERE WE WANT TO GROW:

Spatial Planning and Infrastructurefocusing on sustainable planning and development, and on infrastructural issues ofrelevance to Malta, including urban and spatial planning, landscape planning,transport planning, water and mineral resources, solid and liquid waste management,geographic information systems applied to spatial planning, related public policies andEU legislation and environmental impact assessmentsEU legislation, and environmental impact assessments.

Construction and Managementsustainable construction processes and their management including constructionsustainable construction processes and their management, including constructionprocesses for buildings and engineering works, project and construction management,contracts and legislation, health and safety, cost control, real estate and geodetics.

E i t l D iEnvironmental Designenvironmental performance of buildings, including topics of environmentalperformance, building engineering physics, energy efficiency, climate and buildingcomfort, natural and artificial lighting and acoustic performance, and related building

l ti d b ildi i tregulations, and building services systems.

D i O i t d E i i C i lDesign-Oriented Engineering Curriculum –as for other “Built Environment” professionals.

In all of them, there is the desire to decide “what you are going to , y g gmake before you make it”, and that this requires the engineer (professional) to have a “knowledge of science and scientific method…, knowledge of construction materials and methods and imagination (E Happold Design and theand methods … and imagination. (E.Happold, Design and the Profession, 1983).

Happold takes this concept further, by sub-dividing design, into normal design and radical design – radical design requiring the same knowledge as normal design, (or technician technology), but with, in addition, originality and invention, (E.Happold, The nature of structural engineering 1992)structural engineering, 1992).

“Engineering is the creative end of science. To take it up, one has to do maths and physics, but the art side is usually ignored or played down” (W.I.Liddell, 2000)

SOME EXAMPLES OF WORK IN CURRENT YEAR 4 AND YEAR 5

And a World which sees artAnd a World which sees art and engineering as divided is g g

not seeing the World as a whole

E.Happold. A Personal Perception of Engineering in Great Engineers, D.Walker, 1987