prof david dowall - "reorienting cities - effective land use policies_part 1"

8/6/2019 Prof David Dowall - "Reorienting cities - effective land use policies_Part 1"

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Reorienting citieseffective land use policies

Part 1: Policies and regulations

Professor David Dowall

University of California,Berkeley


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Its urban out there


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Why reorientation isnecessary

To move away from spatially andeconomically dysfunctionalmetropolitan areas

Increase sustainability Responding to demographic change Responding to structural economic

change

Physical decline Poor functionality Motorization Income growth Enhancing quality of life


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Responding to demographicchange


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Cities worldwide are addingpopulation


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Most urban population growth willbe in developing countries


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: , , .So urce Pen n W ha rton G D P Tab le 2 0 09 W orld B an k Ind icators 2 01 0

Income and urbanization arehighly correlated


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Phnom Penh


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Hanoi Urban Land Use in1983


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Hanoi Land Use 2003


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Urbanization trends in the JMR, 1983, 1992and 2005


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Metro Manila urbanization


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Seoul, South Korea

2002


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,W orld B an k D ev elop m e n t In d icators

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Responding to structural economicchange


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Urban Development Trajectory

Trading anufacturingoriented Services AmenityMonocentric,small modern central( )u si ne ss d is tr ic t C BDelatively high density %0 informalsettlements

-eri urban drivenrunk nfrastructurehapes form-t ro ng er s er vic eriented CBDub urb an node s

dge citiesi gh ly a tt ra ct iv e/ulture tourism CBD

:xplanation,In the first stage cities

specializing in trade andadministration tend to be

,monocentric with a smallmodern CBD and relatively

,uniform high densitystretching outwards until the

rural edge of the city is. , %reached Usually more than 50

of the urban fabric isinformal in construction and.economy This landscape is

punctuated by a few formal- ,high end communities often the

.legacy of colonial rule

:xplanation When cities become

manufacturingoriented and

associated with- ,middle income status

the periphery becomesmore important and isoften the site of

importantmultinational

corporations or.domestic plants Trunkinfrastructure is

increasinglyinstalled and shaping,urban form often with

a weak urban planning.function

:xplanationAs urban economies become

more dependent on the,service sector the CBD

becomes more service,oriented and often lessoriented toward trade and

.administration Althoughthe CBD may strengthen

,during this period thisgrowth is often tempered

by the rapid growth ofother urban subcenters

,throughout the metropolis. ., -i e multi nodalism begins

.to emerge

:xplanationAs the city s economy

-becomes more post,industrial based on

- -amenity and talent,sensitive functions such

-as high end medical, & , ,services R D tourism

, .,design etc the CBDbecomes more of a cultural

,and tourist center andthe environmental and

design quality of the city,becomes more important

with signatureneighborhoods and

.buildings emerging


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Size categories classified by agglomerationtype

: , .S o u rc e R U D R d a ta b a s e 2 0 1 1


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Physical decline


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Poor FunctionalityShinjyuku Fuku-toshin, Tokyo:

1974 and 1989-Present

Mumbai: poor metropolitan spatial
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2_7_Desember_2003.jpg


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Mumbai: poor metropolitan spatialfunctionality

entral BusinessDistrict, ,Nariman Point Fort Cuffe

Parade xtended BusinessDistrict, &Lower Parel Worli

Prabhadevi lternate BusinessDistrictBandra Kurla Complex

econdary BusinessDistrictAndheri Kurla Road

eripheral BusinessDistrict, , ,Malad Powai Thane Navi

Mumbai


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Motorization:vehicle ownership and per capita GNP


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Competition for talent requires highquality of life


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Planning sustainable cities

Stock taking and benchmarking

Use visioning and scenario planningto set strategy

Thinking about spatial form andstructure to achieve objectives

Regulations to achieve desired land

use outcomes Programming infrastructure to

support urban development andconnectivity


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Stock taking andbenchmarking

1. Intellectual capitaland

innovation2. Technology

readiness3. Transportation andinfrastructure4. Health, safety and

security5. Sustainability6. Economic clout7. Ease of doing

business

8. Cost


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Use visioning and scenario

planning to set strategy


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Metropolitan structure plans

Jakarta Metro Area Kula Lumpur Metro Area


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More detailed plans andregulations

Typical zoning map

Milton, TOD


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Urban design regulations

Height and bulk Floor area ratio (FAR)


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Sectoral approach to FSI, focus on transitnodes, improved infrastructure, and

enhanced public revenues


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Conclusions to Part 1

Continued urbanization will challengeAsian cities

Metropolitan areas are going through

massive economic anddemographic transformations

Planners need to reorient cities tomake them more sustainable,economically competitive andpleasant places in which to live

Effective land use management,

planning and adequate

prof david dowall - "reorienting cities - effective land use policies_part 1"

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