prof. jens ejbye schmidt - uestuest.ntua.gr/athens2017/proceedings/presentations/19_00_athens... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Valorization of Paper waste in UAEProf. Jens Ejbye Schmidt
Masdar InstituteA Part of Khalifa University of Science and Technology
Abu Dhabi, UAE
2
IntroductionUnited Arab Emirates and environmental concerns
Tuesday, July 04, 2017
3
IntroductionUnited Arab Emirates and environmental concerns
Tuesday, July 04, 2017
4
IntroductionUnited Arab Emirates and environmental concerns
Tuesday, July 04, 2017 2015
Dubai
5
Motivation
MotivationThe Emirate of Abu Dhabi has committed that by 2020, the economy should be diversified so it is not only dependent of the income from fossil fuels
The Emirate has targeted to divert 85% of its solid waste from landfills by 2030 (EAD, 2013).
UAE government has committed to increase domestic share of renewable energy to 27% by 2021 (UAE vision)
6
Objectives
Objective
The objective of the present work is to discuss the fate of Anaerobic Digestion of paper and cardboard waste in Abu Dhabi. Three different applications are analysed:
1. Biogas production
2. Organic Acids production by dark fermentation
In addition a TEA will be done
7
Paper and cardboard waste treatment routes
Products/OutcomeProcessesTreatment categoriesOrganic waste
Paper waste
thermal incineration energy
gasification, pyrolysis fuel, syngas
biological
anaerobic digestion CH4
composting compost
MCF platform chemicals
Landfill, dumpsite . -
8
Composition of the different biomasses
(g/100g_wet_solid)
Total solids Volatile solids
Newspaper 93 ± 0.1 80 ± 0.2
Cardboard 94 ± 0.1 86 ± 0.3
A4 paper 94 ± 0.1 79 ± 0.4
Anaerobic sludge 5 ± 0.4 3 ± 0.2
9
Methane yields – with and without pretreatment The thermal pretreatment was performed at 120 C for 30 minutes.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 20 40 60 80
CH
4 yie
ld (m
lCH
4/gV
S)
Time (days)
Newspaper
0
100
200
300
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
CH
4 yie
ld (m
lCH
4/gV
S)
Time (days)
Cardboard
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
CH
4 yie
ld (m
lCH
4/gV
S)
Time (days)
A4 paper
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50
Untreated biomass
Thermal-pretreated biomass
Gompertz model
Modified Gompertz model
10
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1,000.00
10,000.00
100,000.00
1,000,000.00
Beta-ca
roten
e
Glucari
c acid
Calcium
algin
ate
Potass
ium al
ginate
Sodium
algin
ate
Carrag
eena
n
Butyric
acid
Caproi
c acid
Propion
ic ac
id La
ctic a
cid
Ethano
l Buta
nol
Activa
ted ca
rbon
Acetic
acid
Biocha
r Dies
el Je
tfuel
Sugars
Meth
ane
Mar
ket P
rice
(USD
/tonn
e)
(30 – 110) 103
8,000 – 10,000
1,500 – 2,250
360 - 600
Towards the production of high value chemicals from organic residues
Price need to be competitive with solar plant, 3-4¢/kWh for the newest solar PV
plants in UAE
11
The carboxylate platform
Paper waste
Carboxylic acids
ProductsMixed culture fermentation
Applications
Biofertilizer
CH4, H2, CO2
Separation from water into individual acids
Direct use in subsequent bioprocess
12
Carboxylic acid production
Method: Percolation
Tuesday, July 04, 2017Bioreactor
Overflow
Pump to percolation unit
Outlet to percolation unit
Percolation unit
Method: Percolation
13
Results and discussion: percolation reactor
Tuesday, July 04, 2017Initial waste 109 gTS/L, yield 0.14 glactic acid/gTS fed, final pH = 3.74
Bonk et al, 207, Bioresource Technology
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
mass base
prod
uct c
once
ntra
tion
(g/L
)
EthanolHexanoic acidValeric acidButyric acidPropionic acidAcetic acidLactic acidSuccinic acid
14
Percolation reactor with online separation
Tuesday, July 04, 2017
Organic waste
compost
Fresh water
Waste water to anaerobic digester
15
Recovery of carboxylic acids from dark fermentation by resin and activated carbon. Yousuf et al. 2016, Bioresource Technology
Separation efficiency
16
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
min
imum
VFA
sel
ling
pric
e an
d m
arke
t pr
ice
(USD
/t-VF
A)
total
Dark fermentation andcomposting cost - by-product revenue
Techno‐economic analysis using Aspen ‐ 2000 tons per day (10% of organic waste in Abu Dhabi)
Result and Discussion: Main messages
Tuesday, July 04, 2017Dilute: 1-3% Pure: 99%
17
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
min
imum
VFA
sel
ling
pric
e an
d m
arke
t pr
ice
(USD
/t-VF
A)
total
VFA separation bydistillation
Dewatering
Dark fermentation andcomposting cost - by-product revenue
Techno‐economic analysis
Tuesday, July 04, 2017Dilute: 1-3% Pure: 99%
18
Conclusion
Animl dung
Carboxylic acids
ProductsMixed culture fermentation
Applications
Biofertilizer
CH4, H2, CO2
Separation from water into individual acids
Direct use in subsequent bioprocess
Paper waste
19
Thank YouProf George Stephanopoulos & Prof. Kristala L Jones Prather MIT Dr. Juan Bastidas MIFabian Bonk, Akinleye Olamilekan Sowunmi and Ahasa Yousef MI