prof lee younga_slums and social inequity in korea
DESCRIPTION
during UKP East Asia Launch Seminar on "Land, Markets, Infrastructure and Spatial Planning" in Seoul, Korea from June 30-July 1, 2011TRANSCRIPT
Slums and Social Inequity in Korea
WB-KRIHS UKP Launching Semi-nar
1st July 2011
Young A [email protected]
Daegu University
Background of forming and disap-pearing slums in Korea
Issues on Korean slums Spatial policies on slums Where do poor people live now? What do we need for social equity in
the Korean context?
Contents
Between the1960s and the 80s : Rapid Ur-ban Growth
- Industrialisation - Rural-Urban Migration - Urbanisation share rate : 27.7% (1960) to
81.9% (2010) - Expansion of cities (particularly in SMA) 1980s – 1990s : Active urban redevelop-
ment - Demolishment of slums and squatters and
eviction of poor residents under urban re-development projects
Background of Forming and Disap-pearing Slums in Korea
Urbanisation Share Trend
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010world developed countries developing countries Korea
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Korea Japan China Netherlands UK
Source: OECD, forthcoming,
In the 2000s, the population and economic growth have
slowed down.
- Particularly, populations in local cities and counties have
decreased more than ones in Seoul metropolitan areas.
Background of Forming and Disap-pearing Slums in Korea
Development pressure on slums decreased in local cities.Slums are disappearing in SMA.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
SMASeoul 93.7 94.1 93.2 93.6 93.1
Gyeonggi 97.5 96.7 95.6 96.0 96.5Inchon 99.1 98.3 99.3 99.7 100.2
Pusan 97.9 99.8 99.9 100 99.7Deajeon 97.0 98.3 98.8 98.5 97.6Daegu 95.7 97.1 99.2 103 104.4
Gwangju 95.2 97.7 99.2 101.5 103.7Ulsan 99.5 100.9 102.9 104.9 104.7
Gwangwon 104.0 107.3 108.9 110.5 110.0Chungbuk 102.9 105.2 107.5 109.3 110.3Chungnam 103.8 107.1 108.7 110.5 113.0
Jeonbuk 103.0 105.8 108.0 100.7 113.4Jeonnam 103.9 106 107.8 109.9 111.1
Gyeongbuk 102.8 104.4 106.9 109.9 112.0Gyeongnam 100.6 101.5 102.5 104.4 105.6
Jeju 96.0 97.7 96.9 96.7 96.0total 98.3 99.2 99.6 100.7 101.2
Housing Supply RatioUnit : %
Source: MLTM
Before devel-opment
After devel-opment
Housing units under 60m2
63% 30%
Housing units under 500 million won
86% 30%
(Private) rental housing units for less than 40 million won
83% 0%
Average housing size 80m2 107m2
Average housing price 390 million won
540 million won
Before and After Urban Develop-ment
Source: S. Kim et al., 2009, Poverty in Korea, Hanwul
Disappearing slums in Seoul
1965 1971-1982 mid-1990s
Source: S. Kim, 2011, squatter settlement policies and the role of state, Housing Studies Review, 19(1)
Lack of affordable housing due to demol-ishing low-price (market) rental housing
Sub-standard housing conditions and lack of facilities and infrastructure in slums
Poor people left their own living places Social inequity led by where they live
Two Issues on Korean Slums
By the market sector - 1960s-1990s: redevelopment and recon-
struction projects with demolishment and eviction strategies
- 2000s: broader block-unit redevelopment, called New Town projects, multi-family hous-ing provision (since the 1990s)
By the public sector - residential environment improvement project - social housing provision
Spatial policies for housing provi-sion
Seou
l
Pusa
n
Daegu
Inch
on
Gwan
gju
Daege
on
Ulsan
Gyeon
ggi
Gwan
gwon
Chung
buk
Chung
nam
Jeon
buk
Jeon
nam
Gyeon
gbuk
Gyeon
gnam Je
ju
Aver
age
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Spatial policies for improving housing conditions
Total Number of Housing under Minimum Housing Standard(2005)
Housing rate under Minimum Housing Standard (2005)
Spatial policies for improving housing conditions
Seou
l
Pusa
n
Daegu
Inch
on
Gwangj
u
Daege
on
Ulsan
Gyeon
ggi
Gwangw
on
Chung
buk
Chung
nam
Jeon
buk
Jeon
nam
Gyeon
gbuk
Gyeon
gnam Je
ju
Avera
ge0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
In SMA and large cities with high devel-opment pressure, poor people live in so-cial housing, loft or basement rooms in multi-family housing, rooms with non-residential purpose etc. throughout the cities
In small local cities with less pressure to develop, they live in the inner-city areas with vulnerable environment to natural disaster and crime
Where do poor people live?
Source: http://www.gjdream.com/v2/hot/view.html?uid=424814&news_type=102&code_M=2&news_code=201
Social Housing
Multi-family Housing in Bu-chon
Inner-city area in Jeonju
Inner-city area in Jeonju
More affordable housing for low income class in large cities and SMA
Prevention from environmental degrada-tion through the measures to implement minimum housing standards and for new urban management(regeneration)
Reducing extreme poverty and improv-ing social equity by socio-spatial policies
What do we need for social eq-uity in Korean context?