Turku Biomaterials Days 2017 Interfaces and Interphases Speakers

Prof. Pentti Tengvall Dept. Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Biomaterials-blood interactions Blood borne ions, protein fragments, a variety of full size proteins, and cells become rapidly deposited onto most biomaterial surfaces upon contact to blood. Exceptions to this rule display low or no surface charge, high water retainability, and high surface mobility. Such materials show a PEG-like interface. Negatively charged surfaces activate rapidly the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, but positively charged surfaces seem less coagulation active. The surface bound immune complement factor 3 (C3) can be observed on virtually all blood plasma contacting surfaces. Blood platelets bind to Fibrinogen, and activate thereby the secondary hemostasis. Despite many years of experimenting and materials development, there exist today no truly blood compatible materials.

Professor Pentti Tengvall started in 1986 his PhD-training in a biomaterials project at applied physics at Linköping University (LiTH) in Sweden. After PhD in 1989, he was employed as assistant professor at IFM, LiTH, he received a position as lecturer in biomaterials in 1994 and was promoted to full professor in year 2000. He was awarded International Fellow of Biomaterials Science and Engineering (FBSE) in 2008. In 2008, he was recruited to Sahlgrenska academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Dr Tengvall has published 143 articles, many conference contributions and has given many invited lectures. He holds 5 patents/patent applications, and has supervised 25 doctoral students. His research interests are Proteins at Interfaces, Interface modifications, and Local drug delivery in bone implant applications.

Prof. Petri Lehenkari Cell and Developmental Biology University of Oulu What have the metal on metal (MOM) -implants taught us of implant-tissue reactions? Metals are generally taught to be inert materials with very little adverse tissue reactions, when modern metals and alloys are used. Metal on metal implant tissue reactions were hence a surprise to medical and scientific community. In this presentation, I will discuss in detail the emerging knowledge of adverse reactions to metals in MOM and other metal implants, and especially the role of nanoparticles and soluble ions in the reactions of the body, both the connective tissue and immunology. I will highlight some of our own unpublished data and findings and also review the current literature. Professor Petri Lehenkari is an Orthopedic Surgeon who leads the bone and stem cell biology research group at the University of Oulu (Finland). Prof. Lehenkari obtained his degree as Doctor of Medical Science from the University of Oulu in 1997. He was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at UCL, Bone and Mineral Centre, London, UK from 1998 to 2000. Prof. Lehenkari obtained a qualification as a Specialist in Surgery in 2005. In 2007 he graduated as a Specialist in Orthopedic Surgery from the University of Oulu. His research interest is focused in cell biology and embryology and currently he is supervising several post-doctoral researchers who are working in that field.

Prof. Jukka P. Matinlinna Dental Materials Science Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Prosthetic Material-Resin Interphase Virtually in all the cases of trauma and tooth decay synthetic materials are needed for oral rehablitiation. The major challenge in clinical dentistry is to unite dissimilar materials to serve the patient. Durable restorations with good adhesion and retention and, foremost, longevity is of paramount importance. As no natural affinity between dissimilar materials is present, a chemical or physical surface modification is needed to activate indirect restoration surfaces. In addition to modify the substrate surface, certain chemical adhesion promoters can be used. Silane coupling agents (silanes) are the key for durable adhesion promotion. For very strong silane-aided adhesion, the substrate surface should be siliceous (contain silicon): silica (SiO2), silicates, or glass are excellent. Silanes find clinical applications in dentistry in prosthodontics and implant dentistry. Moderns resin composite cements for dental use contain a variety of reactive monomers to enhance adhesion and retention. Siliceous ceramic restorations should be etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF), then rinsed with water, and finally silanized before luting with flowable resin composite cement. Most fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) are supported by unidirectional long E-glass fibres that are silanized to bond with the resin matrix (some FRCs contain chopped fibres). Perhaps interestingly, even silicone impression materials are synthetized from certain silanes. Moreover, some silanes are used in biomedicine as drugs and may even form promising new functional coatings on dental implants. Dr. Jukka P. Matinlinna is tenured professor in dental materials science at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), Faculty of Dentistry, Hong Kong, China. Professor Matinlinna earned his PhD at the University of Turku, Finland, under supervision of Professor Pekka Vallittu in 2004. Before Hong Kong, he worked in Turku and during several periods in the Netherlands (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) and at NIOM (Nordisk Institutt for Odontologiske Material) in Norway. Professor Matinlinna has been awarded 3 docent nominations in Turku and Helsinki. He joined HKU in 2008 and currently acting also as a visiting professor at King Saud University (Riyadh, Saudi-Arabia) and Universitas Gadjah Mada (Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Since 2004 he has contributed to more than 150 peer-reviewed indexed publications, 39 professional publications, 24 book chapters, 170 conf. abstracts, 2 textbooks etc. In 2015 he received the HKU Dental Faculty Outstanding Teacher Award for his undergraduate and postgraduate facilitation and teaching.

Prof. Leo Tjäderhane Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki Tooth substance-resin interface Contemporary dental adhesive systems rely on formation of primarily micromechanical bond to enamel and dentin. Strong and durable enamel bonding is achieved with etch-and-rinse approach or with selective etching of enamel when self-etch adhesive systems are used. However, dentin-bonded interface loses the integrity and bond strength with time both in vitro and in vivo. One of the most important reasons for that are the endogenous collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cysteine cathepsins (CCs), causing the hydrolysis of collagen matrix of the hybrid layers. In general, enzyme inhibition is a promising approach to improve hybrid layer preservation and bond strength durability. In addition, the hydrophilic nature of adhesive systems leads to insufficient resin impregnation of dentin, phase separation, and a low degree of polymerization, which can reduce the durability of dentin-adhesive interface. Partial or complete removal of water from the hybrid layer should eliminate hydrolysis of both collagen and resin components. The presentation aims to review the current knowledge and potential future solutions to improve the durability of dental bonding, especially in dentin. Dr. Leo Tjäderhane is a Professor and Head of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases at the University of Helsinki, Finland. He received his dental degree from the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Oulu, Finland in 1986, and his PhD in pulp biology at the same university in 1995. In 1995-1996 he worked as a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. In 2001-2002 he was an Assistant Professor in Department of Endodontics at the University of Toronto in Canada, and in 2002-2003 at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Dr. Tjäderhane has authored or co-authored 199 scientific articles in international journals and 26 in national journals; 5 chapters in books or printed congress publications. Supervisor for 11 PhD and two MSc theses. 6 483 citations; HI 41.

Dr. Andrei Cristian Ionescu Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy

Interface of oral biofilms with dental materials Dental materials may be divided into “inert” materials, i.e. materials that are not supposed to interact with the host or his biofilm, and “active” materials, that are bioactive materials built on purpose to elicit a response. The first kind of materials is only apparently inert, and can interact with biofilms through an exposed surface. Therefore, properties such as surface roughness, surface free energy and chemical composition are considered to be fundamental in predicting their behavior at the interface. Biofilms can even modify that interface by modifying materials’ surfaces over time. Biomaterials can be designed to feature many properties, such as remineralization, antimicrobial or anti-adhesive activities. It is very difficult to synthesize materials showing these activities and maintaining them over time. It is even harder to design bioactive materials that can additionally satisfy strength and durability requirements in a demanding environment such as the oral one. The key for obtaining successful dental materials able to positively replace and repair damaged tissues, and to prevent diseases, likely consists in a better understanding of the interactions taking place at the interface between materials and biofilms. Next generations of dental materials will be designed taking into account interactions both with biofilms and the host, and will likely be built to show a defined activity over an estimated amount of time, rather than trying to indefinitely maintain their initial properties.

Dr. Andrei Cristian Ionescu graduated with top marks in Dentistry at the University of Milan, Italy, in 2008. PhD in Nanotechnologies at the University of Trieste, Italy, in 2015. From 2005 he is working at the Oral Microbiology Laboratory, University of Milan, director Prof. Eugenio Brambilla, where he is research coordinator starting from 2013. He is author of 25 publications in peer-reviewed journals. He is a promoter of the Young CED-IADR group since 2017. His main research interests are focused on the mutual interactions between oral biofilms and dental materials. In particular, he is studying antimicrobial and bioactive dental materials and the surface properties of dental materials influencing biofilm development.

Dr. Peter Zettinig Turku School of Economics University of Turku Innovation Management – Securing the long-term survival of organizations interacting in business ecosystems Organizations, in order to sustain in the long-run, must fulfill several requirements. Among them are the requirements to be efficient by exploiting its extant knowledge, resources and capabilities and the requirements to explore new knowledge and capabilities which materialize as innovations that secure organizations’ viability in an ever changing world. Both abilities, exploration and exploitation need to be well balanced in order to succeed. The challenges of doing that are both, external and internal to the organization and innovation management is one approach to accomplish dealing with them. Innovation management is often seen as a series of processes that unfold in different stages, from ideation, baseline research and discovery to innovation management, where technology is developed and tested, market processes prepared, and finally commercialization where the capacity of a new product, service or technology needs to prove its value to intended stakeholders on competitive markets. All of these processes are complex and multi-faceted as they involve interactions between exploration and exploitation capabilities of the organization, which often take form of internal competition in the organization, where those who are responsible for keeping the firm efficient and viable today compete for resources and management attention with those who research, explore and develop new ways to secure the future business of the firm. Innovation management can be seen as a function to moderate and mediate these different forces for the overall long-term well-being of the firm. In addition to these challenging tasks we see today that the development and commercialization of innovations is becoming ever more complex as it requires strong interactions between many organizations and their knowledge and capabilities. We can say that in many sectors of the economy the ability to innovate does seldom suffice if we only consider the internal knowledge and capabilities of them, but it requires to use and integrate a wide spectrum of abilities that are found outside a particular organization. This often leads to consideration of innovation ecosystem approaches where organizations join their specific strengths, knowledge, capabilities and perspectives to develop the technology needed to generate the desirable outcomes. The innovation work in such ecosystems is different from traditional R&D approaches which are inside oriented. It requires to balance managerial abilities with those abilities usually found in entrepreneurial activity. The presentation develops different ways of thinking how such ecosystem interactions between very different organizations, such as multinational organizations, university research units and many other institutional actors may provide viable approaches that lead to securing not only survival today but also organizational continuity for all. Dr. Peter Zettinig received his PhD in International Business from Turku School of Economics (TSE) in 2003. Peter has previously been awarded a Masters in Business Administration (1997) from Karl-Franzens University in Graz in his home country Austria. Before re-joining TSE in 2008 he has held the position of Senior Lecturer and International Business Program Director at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, where he also received a Certificate in Higher Education Teaching and Learning for his studies from 2006-2008. Peter is heavily involved in executive education, is leading many industry projects and has a history in management and strategy consulting.