professor liam marnane dean of graduate studies research integrity
TRANSCRIPT
Professor Liam MarnaneDean of Graduate Studies
RESEARCH INTEGRITY
•What is Research Misconduct
• Fabrication of data
• Falsification of data
• Plagiarism
07/10/2015
Research Misconduct
• Retracted Paper:- Claimed access to database from NBRG• Presented results based on that data
Example of Plagiarism
07/10/2015
• Method to apply stress to create embryonic like cells was presented in two Nature papers (2014)• Slew of problems has been
identified since then• Committee looked at six
problems. • Four were dismissed as
innocent errors• Two cases the committee found
that Researcher had manipulated data in an intentionally misleading fashion. They branded it scientific misconduct.
Stem-cell scientist found guilty of misconduct
07/10/2015
• Directs Public Health Service (PHS) research integrity activities on behalf of the Secretary of Health and Human Services in US• Publishes Case
Summaries• 2015:- 2 Listed• 2014:- 13 Listed• 2013:- 11 Listed
Office of Research Integrity (ORI)
07/10/2015
• Postdoc Researcher at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center • knowingly and intentionally falsifying three (3) figures and/or
legends and one (1) supplemental movie legend in a manuscript submitted for publication to the journal Nature• has voluntarily agreed for a period of 3 years to have her
research supervised if employed by an institution that receives or applies for U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) funding
ORI Case Example
07/10/2015
• American historian Professor Stephen Ambrose• http://
www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/25/stephen-ambrose-eisenhower-biography-scandal
• Ambrose Problems Date Back To Ph.D. Thesis• http://www.forbes.com/2002/05/10/0510ambrose.html
• He admits to copying “some phrases” and “a few sentences” in some of his books, but he denies that this practice amounts to plagiarism, and rejects the notion that attribution problems are endemic to his entire body of work. • In each instance, Ambrose copies a phrase or a sentence from
his source, perhaps changes it a bit, and then footnotes the passage. The endnotes indicate the source, but do not indicate that the source’s words are used without quotation marks.
Band Of Brothers author accused of fabrication for Eisenhower biography
07/10/2015
•Honesty in all aspects of research
•Accountability in the conduct of research
•Professional courtesy and fairness in working with others
•Good stewardship of research on behalf of others
Singapore Statement on Research Integrity:- Principles
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National Policy Statement on Ensuring Research Integrity in Ireland• Developed by the Irish Universities Association• In collaboration with
• Health Research Board (HRB)• Royal Irish Academy (RIA)• Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)• Institutes of Technology Ireland (IoTI)• Higher Education Authority (HEA)• Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT)• Enterprise Ireland (EI)• Teagasc• Irish Research Council (IRC)• Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)• Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI)
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Commitments to Foster and Ensure Research Integrity
•Commitment 1: Standards
•Commitment 2: Education
•Commitment 3: Collaboration for Continuous Improvement
•Commitment 4: Action to Address Misconduct
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Commitment 1: Standards
•We are committed to ensuring the highest standards of integrity in all aspects of our research, founded on basic principles of good research practice to be observed by all researchers and research organisations.
•Following Standards align with Singapore Principles
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Commitment 1: Standards
• Honesty• in presenting research goals and intentions, • in precise and nuanced reporting on research methods and procedures, • in conveying valid interpretations and justifiable claims with respect to possible
applications of research results.
• Reliability• in performing research (meticulous, careful and attentive to detail),• in communication of the results (fair and full and unbiased reporting).
• Objectivity• interpretations and conclusions must be founded on facts and data capable of proof and
secondary review; • there should be transparency in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and
verifiability of the scientific reasoning.
• Impartiality and Independence• from commissioning or interested parties, • from ideological or political pressure groups, • from economic or financial interests.
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Commitment 1: Standards
• Open communication• in discussing the work with other scientists, • in contributing to public knowledge through publication of the findings, • in honest communication to the general public. • This openness presupposes a proper storage and availability of data, and
accessibility for interested colleagues.
• Duty of care• for participants in and the subjects of research, be they human beings, animals,
the environment or cultural objects. Research on human subjects and animals should always rest on the principles of respect and duty of care.
• Fairness• in providing proper references and giving due credits to the work of others, in
treating colleagues with integrity and honesty.
• Responsibility for future science generations• The education of young scientists and scholars requires binding standards for
mentorship and supervision.
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Commitment 2: Education
•Education and promotion of good research practice are the foundations of research integrity. •We are committed to maintaining a national research environment that is founded upon a culture of integrity, embracing internationally recognised good practice and a positive, proactive approach to promoting research integrity. •This will include support for the development of our researchers through education and promotion of good research practices.
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Commitment 2: Education
•Research integrity training for new and experienced researchers
•Data storage and retention good practice•Statutory obligations
•Enhancing practice
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Research Integrity Training
• Intellectual property issues including conventions on joint authorship•Ethical considerations •Definitions of research misconduct•Plagiarism•The recording of information and data related to their research is undertaken according to good practice in the relevant discipline
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Commitment 3: Collaboration for Continuous Improvement
We are committed to working together to reinforce and safeguard the integrity of the Irish research system and to reviewing progress regularly
•National Forum.
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Commitment 4: Action to Address Misconduct
We are committed to using transparent, fair and effective processes to deal with allegations of research misconduct when they arise
•Definitions of Research Misconduct.
•Addressing Research Misconduct.
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Core “Research Misconduct”
•Fabrication of data
•Falsification of data
•Plagiarism
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FFP Normally Includes
•Selectively excluding data from analysis.
•Misinterpreting data to obtain desired results (including inappropriate use of statistical methods).
•Doctoring images in publications.
•Producing false data or results under pressure from a sponsor.
07/10/2015
Research Practice Misconduct
•Using inappropriate (e.g., harmful or dangerous) research methods.•Poor research design.•Experimental, analytical, computational errors.•Violation of human subject protocols.•Abuse of laboratory animals.
07/10/2015
Data-related Misconduct
•Not preserving primary data.
•Bad data management, storage.
•Withholding data from the scientific community.
NB: The above applies to physical research materials as well.
07/10/2015
Publication-related Misconduct
• Claiming undeserved authorship.•Denying authorship to contributors.• Artificially proliferating publications ("salami-slicing").• Failure to correct the publication record.• Including authors without permission.• Peer review abuse e.g., non-disclosure of conflict of interest, unfairly holding up a rival's publication. •Misrepresenting credentials or publication record.
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Personal Misconduct in the Research Setting
• Inappropriate personal behaviour, harassment.
• Inadequate mentoring, counselling of students.
• Insensitivity to social or cultural norms.
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Financial, and Other Misconduct
•Misuse of research funds for unauthorised purchases or for personal gain.
•Making an unsubstantiated or malicious misconduct allegation.
07/10/2015
•Graduate Studies Office• Code of Practice for Supervision of Research Students • Leave of Absence • Policy on Resolution of Difficulties for Postgraduate Students•VP Research• University's Code of Good Conduct in Research• Introduction to Research Ethics at UCC• Conflict of Interest• General Provisions on Intellectual Property• Research Integrity •HR• Duty of Respect and Right to Dignity Policy•Office of Corporate and Legal Affairs• Whistle Blowing Policy• Data Protection Policy• Child Protection Policy
UCC Policies
07/10/2015
• In the context of postgraduate research theses, plagiarism is defined as:• Submitting, as your own work, work that derives in part or in its entirety
from the work of others without due acknowledgement. • In the absence of due acknowledgment, plagiarism can take the form of
direct reproduction of text or other material from another source; paraphrasing by changing some of the words or the order of the words from another source; and using ideas taken from someone else’s work. • Plagiarism can occur in respect of all types of sources, including text,
illustrations, musical quotations, mathematical derivations, computer code, etc; material downloaded from websites or drawn from manuscripts or other media; and both published and unpublished material.
Procedures for Investigating Allegations of Plagiarism in Research Theses
07/10/2015
“This is to certify that the work I am submitting is my own and has not been submitted for another degree, either at University College Cork or elsewhere. All external references and sources are clearly acknowledged and identified within the contents. I have read and understood the regulations of University College Cork concerning plagiarism.”
Signed Declaration in Thesis
07/10/2015
