professor michael j. losacco cis 1150 – introduction to computer information systems the system...
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Professor Michael J. LosaccoCIS 1150 – Introduction to Computer Information Systems
The System UnitChapter 5
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Overview
Discuss the Types of System Units
Describe System Boards
Discuss Processors
Discuss Memory
Discuss Expansion Slots and Cards
Bus Lines, Bus Widths, Expansion Buses
Describe Ports
Discuss Power Supplies
Discuss Numbers and Characters2
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System Unit Types
Desktops
Tower Unit
All-in-one
Notebooks
Laptops
Netbooks
Tablets
Handhelds
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System Board
AKA Motherboard
All Components Connect to It
All External Devices Connect to It
Acts as Data Path and Traffic Monitor
Provides Sockets
Connection Point For Chips
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System Board Components
ChipsAKA Semiconductor, Integrated Circuit
Tiny Circuit Boards on Silicon Squares
Mounted on Carrier Packages
SlotsConnection Points for Circuit Boards
Provide Expansion Capability
Bus LinesCommunication Pathways for Components
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Microprocessor
AKA Central Processing Unit or Processor
Brain of the Computer System
Components
Control Unit
Directs Movement of Electronic Signals
Between Memory, ALU, Input and Output Devices
Arithmetic-logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic and Logical Operations
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Microprocessor Chips
Chip Capacities Expressed in Word Size
Word
Number of Bits Processed at a Time
64-bit Word Standard
Clock Speed
Processing Speed
Times Per Second CPU Processes Data
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Microprocessor Chips
System Clock
Processor Speed Measured by Ticks/Second
MHz – One Million Ticks/Second
Type 100 Words/Minute = 8 Characters/Second
8088 Processor @ 4.77 MHz
Character 50,000 Other Tasks Character► ►
GHz – One Billion Ticks per Second
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Microprocessor Chips
Multi-Core Chip
Multiple Separate and Independent CPUs
Parallel Processing
Divide Tasks that can be Distributed Across Each Core
Supported by Windows 8 and Mac OS X
Coprocessors
Used to Improve Specific Operations
e.g., Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)9
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Memory
Holding Area
For Data, Instructions, and Information
RAM (Random-access Memory)
Volatile
Holds Program Instructions and Data
That CPU is Presently Processing
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Memory
Sizes
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Memory
Cache Memory
Temporary High-speed Holding Area
Between Memory and CPU
Stores Most Frequently Used Data
ROM (Read-only Memory)
Non-volatile, Cannot be Updated
Flash Memory
Non-volatile, Can be Updated
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Expansion Slots and Cards
Allow for System Expansion
Graphics Cards
Sound Cards
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
Wireless Network Cards
Plug and Play
ExpressCard
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Bus Lines
Pathway for Bits
Travel to/from CPU and Components
Bus Width
Number of Bits that Can Travel at Once
Categories
System Bus
Expansion Bus
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Ports
Sockets for External Devices
Connects to System Board or Cards
Standard Ports
VGA, USB, Firewire, Ethernet
Cables
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Power Supply
Convert AC to DC
Power System Unit Components
AC Adapters
Notebooks and Handhelds
Can Recharge Batteries
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Electronic Data and Instructions
Analog Signals
Represent Different Tones, Pitches, Volume
Digital Electronic Signals
Represent Two Discrete States
On / Off
Recognized By Computers
Binary is the Equivalent Numbering System
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Numeric Representation
Binary SystemBit (Binary Digit)
2 Possible Digits
On = 1; Positive Charge
Off = 0; No Charge
Byte
Eight Bits Grouped Together
Represent Letters, Numbers, Punctuation
Hexadecimal System16 Possible Digits
3
5
D
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Character Encoding
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Microcomputers
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Mainframe
Unicode
Uses 16 bits
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Careers in IT
Computer Technicians
Repair and Install Components and Systems
Work On PCs, Mainframes, Networks, Printers
Associate Degree or Computer Repair Cert
Annual Salary of $31,000 - $46,000