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Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture

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Page 1: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

Professor Mike Pittilo MBEMemorial Lecture

Page 2: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

Sashaying Along The Ice Floe !

Leading Change in Universities Today

8 September 2011Peter McCafferyLondon Metropolitan University

Change Academy 2011

Page 3: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

UNIVERSITY COMMITTEES AS AN ART FORMHow University committees avoid making decisions:

John Kay’s “8 oars of indecision”

• Deferral - wait until next time• Referral - to another committee• Points of order - procedural objection• The wider picture - we need to understand the

context better• Evasion - we need still further detail• Ambiguity - accept in principle, but not in

practice• Precedent - let’s not set one• Denial - not for us to decide

Page 4: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE INUNIVERSITIES IS DEPENDENT ON:

• Knowing Your Environment

• Knowing Your Institution

• Knowing Your Department

• Knowing Yourself!

Page 5: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

External Environment(since August, 2008)

• Global financial crisis; economic downturn

• UK public debt “approaching Armageddon levels”(Audit Commission forecast)

• Politics of the “New Normal”- the dearth of public money; “value for money”- “living within our means”- “doing more with less while still maintaining quality”

• Funding changes - HE budget cut £1.09B (pre-May 2010); £2.9B (2010-14)- Shift of burden from taxpayer to graduate; fee cap now £9K/yr

• From “a golden era” to “a new iron age” (Scott)

Page 6: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

TRADITIONAL ROLE OF MODERN UNIVERSITY

• FINISHING SCHOOL: Last stage of general education

• PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL: Training of elite workers

• KNOWLEDGE FACTORY: Production of science, technology and ideology

• CULTURAL INSTITUTION: Expression of our individual and collective sense of being

• 21st Century: multiple roles – lifelong learning, knowledge transfer, international students . . . . . .

Page 7: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

THE UNIVERSITY IDENTITY CRISIS

The University:

• Redundant as an “Idea”?

• Broken as a Monopoly

• Confronted with unprecedented change

Page 8: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

NEW WAVE COMPETITORS

Mega Univs UKOU, AU Turkey, China TV

For-Profit Univs BPP, Kaplan, Phoenix

Corporate Univs BAE, Disney, Ford, Microsoft,Motorola, Unipart

Private HE Training Orgs

Apollo, DeVry, Laureate, Strayer

Sleeping Giants IBM, News Int., Pearson

Page 9: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

CONTINUING EXPANSION OF STUDENT NUMBERS (UK AND WORLDWIDE)

WIDENING PARTICIPATION ‘fair access’/bursaries

HR retirement peak succession planning pay framework performance assessment

IT E-MANAGEMENT/E-LEARNING BIS E-strategy

RESOURCES AND ESTATES DEVELOPMENT sustainable facilities and services project and programme management

SUSTAINABILITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY serving broader political, social, ethical and cultural agendas

GOVERNANCE Code and CUC Guidance

FUNDING variable fee fund-raising diversifying income sources full economic costing

MARKETING positioning of HEIs identity/’brand’ issues

COMPETITION IN UK alliances, collaborations and mergers

ENHANCING THESTUDENT EXPERIENCE teaching, learning and quality ‘customer service’

MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH evolution of RAE/REF process research contracts & careers academic pipeline

INTERNATIONALISATION competition/collaboration European research area private universities Bologna process

BUSINESS, REGIONAL &COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS ‘third stream’ knowledge transfer, economic & social regeneration

15 key strategic challengesfor UK HE institutions,

2011- 2014

EMBEDDING EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY IN ALL INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

EXTERNAL DRIVERS

Page 10: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

PoliticalFiduciary

BIS Ministers, PAC, HMTDTI / OST

FundingHEFCE BIS RCs/Operations

LEAs, NHS, TDA, charities, EU, MoD, business

Sponsors

HEFCE, UUK, Guild HE, TDAs

HEFCE

Higher EducationInstitutions

Council / GovernorsVice Chancellor

Senior ManagementFaculties / Departments

AgencyHEFCE, HESA, QAA,Ofsted, UCAS, NAO

ProfessionalGMC, ENB, Law Society,ACCA, GDC, BPS, etc.

Students(+ parents, schools)

DCFS UCAS

StaffUCU

EmployersCBI, etc.

Business CommunityRDAs, SSCs, LSs, (LSC) etc.

STAKEHOLDERS IN HE SECTOR

Page 11: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

Traditional HE New HECompetition: other univs. Competition: everywhere

Student as apprentice scholar

Learner as Customer (and Producer)

Delivery in the classroom Delivery everywhere

Bricks and mortar

- Physical estates

Bits and bytes

- Virtual estates

Technology as an Expense Technology as Market Differentiation

Institutional - centric Market – centric

Funding: Block grant Funding: student fees

Independent Supplier Shared Services

Page 12: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

Traditional HE New HETerminal degree Lifelong learning

Take what is offered Courses on demand

Academic calendar Year round campus

Course as 3-4 year revenue Course as Business Plan

Mode 1 Knowledge Mode 2 Knowledge

Teacher as Director of Learning

Teacher as Facilitator of Learning

Academic as “jack of all trades”

Academic as specialist

Diversity as problem Diversity as strength

Page 13: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

UNIVERSITY CHALLENGE

• Average size of Universities has doubled in 40 years

• Greater internal organisational complexity

• Greater external accountability

• More volatile competitive environment

• Challenge - To change or risk being overwhelmed

Page 14: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF UNIVERSITIES

• the autonomy of the individual scholar

• precedence of subject over institutional loyalty

• the strength of tradition

• the cult of the “expert”

Collegiality managerialism post-managerialism?

Page 15: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

ControlofImplementation

tight

A:

Collegium

B:

Bureaucracy

D:

Enterprise

C:

Corporation

tight

loose

MODELS OF UNIVERSITIES AS ORGANISATIONS

Policy Definition

loose

Page 16: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

“The University is a community of scholars engaged in the task of seeking truth”.

Karl Jaspers, 1923

“I find the three major administrative problems on campus are sex for the students, athletics for the alumni and car parking for the faculty”.

Clark Kerr President,University of California, 1958

Page 17: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

EXEMPLARS OF STRUGGLING INNOVATORS (1)

HEIs Conversation theme ‘Message’

Regional University South Australia

‘I’ve been parking my car under that tree for 28 years or more’.

The latest change initiative can just go hang. ‘Wake me when its over’

Research University Eastern Australia

‘You need the personality of a Sherman tank to survive as head of department here’.

It’s rough, it’s tough and there is no end in sight. The industrial model is just not suited to an HE environment.

Page 18: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

EXEMPLARS OF STRUGGLING INNOVATORS (2)

HEIs Conversation theme ‘Message’

Regional Research University Northeastern USA

‘He (the president) used to come out of the ‘puzzle palace’ with a guard of honour.’ ‘It was like Moses coming off the mountain with the tablets”(The Strategic Plan).

Who knows what the executive does or thinks – you can’t get near them.Collegiality? You gotta be kidding.

Regional Research University Eastern USA

The ‘meat-axe administrator’ and his refrain: ‘We already did that yesterday?’‘They slough it off here, slough it off there, slough it off everywhere’.

It’s a Darwinian jungle in this state and we’re ahead of the game. Outsourcing is all the rage here and could be next.

Page 19: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

What is special about the climate and culture of your University?

What is special about the climate and culture of your Department?

Page 20: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

CULTURAL INQUIRY – engagement

• Appreciative Enquiry• Liquid Café• Open Space• Rich pictures• World Cafe • (Framing and re-framing your institution)• (Maintaining a multiple mind-set)

Page 21: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

AUTHORITY

- hierarchical relations resources- the right to decide-legitimacy-criteria

THEPERCEPTIONS

VALUES&

INTERESTSWITHIN YOURUNIVERSITY

EXPERTISE- scarcity/substitutability - credibility- authenticated- relevance

THE MAIN SOURCES OF ORGANISATIONAL POWER

RESOURCE CONTROL- control over valued resources physical/symbolic

- gamekeeping/allocation criteria- credibility

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS- ‘charisma’- advocacy- assertiveness- networking

Page 22: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

How powerful am I? Am I using all my political resources?

1. What are your political resources? Make an Inventory

2. What is your network of power? Make an Analysis

Page 23: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

LEADING CHANGE: SOME GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Leadership is not vested in a single great figure; it exists throughout the University• Leadership is as much about groups and teams as it is to do with

individuals• Leaders are, by and large made, not born• The institutional context and leadership approach are as important as personal attributes• Effective managers can also be effective leaders and vice versa• “Leaders do the right thing, managers do things right” – Peter Drucker

Page 24: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

PROMPTS FOR LEADING AND MANAGING CHANGE..

BEWARE THE “BUSY PERSON SYNDROME”: INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOURS

procrastinators30%

distracted 40%

disengaged20%

purposefulaction-takers

10% High

FOCUS

Low

Low High ENERGY

Page 25: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

FOUNDATIONS FOR MANAGING YOURSELF

• We never see the world as it is, only as we are.

• “I wish some power the gift would gi’e us, to see ourselves as others see us”.

- Robbie Burns

• “Be not another’s if thou canst be thyself”. - Paracelsus

• Our “concept of self” is neither fixed nor permanent- self-ideal; self-image; self-esteem

• We always have choices

Page 26: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

YOUR VALUES, MOTIVES AND BEHAVIOURS

1 OPEN 2 BLIND

3 HIDDEN 4 UNKNOWN

Known to Self

Not Known to Self

Known toothers

Not Knownto others

The Johari Window

Page 27: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY INNOVATORS

Common Traits in managing change:

• No Magic Pill• Distributed Leadership – a quality tapped at all levels• “Art of Conversation”: a core process• Harnessing collegiality as an aspiration• Building on existing good practice (avoiding deficit

models) • “Learners “as well as “Knowers” – advocates of an

inquiry approach

Page 28: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE 1RECOGNISING POPULAR MYTHS ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE FOR WHAT THEY ARE

• Change can only occur if it is driven from the top • People are resistant to change• People are rational and will react to logical and

rational requests for change• New processes and systems will create the new

necessary behaviours• Big changes require big actions• If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it • Cultural change is a slow and painful long-term affair

Page 29: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE 2RECOGNISING THE FUNDAMENTALS IN THE SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE

• Change must presage a new model for the future• People must have a reason. Change will not succeed

unless there is a dis-satisfaction with the old • Major change can be painful – resistance is normal • Change is “lumpy”: people, systems and processes

change at different rates and in different ways • Change is an ongoing process, not an event• Change is unique to each institution. Celebrate your

individual landmarks of success 29

Page 30: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE 3 PAVING THE WAY

• Begin the conversation• Open up your creative self and encourage others to do

likewise • Prepare to give up power – backstage leadership • Identify, nurture and support networks and champions • Surface and test mental models held by colleagues• Defuse defensive routines and be open about your own• Establish genuine shared values and agree associated

behaviours• Model expected behaviours

Page 31: Professor Mike Pittilo MBE Memorial Lecture. Sashaying Along The Ice Floe ! Leading Change in Universities Today 8 September 2011 Peter McCaffery London

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Any questions?