UTH

Students: Anastasiou Eirini Iliadou Zoi Vrouza Efthymia

Professor: Trova Vasso

WORKSPACE ‘URBAN SYSTEMS’

University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

Historic Timeline

It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, Frankish Empire, Bulgarian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary before it became the capital of Serbian king Stephen Dragutin (1282–1316)

It is located in Middle Europe and the Balkans, half-way between West and Southeast Europe.

1718: Belgrade becomes the cap-ital of the Kingdom of Serbia, a Habsburg Monarchy province.

1440: The Ottoman Empire attacks Bel-grade. The city endures the siege following heavy destruction.

Hungarian rule 14th–16th centuries

Iranian/Germanic Hunnic invasions 5th century.

Byzantine/Frankish rule/Serbian arrival 6–9th centuriesByzantine/Bulgarian/ Hungarian rule 9th–11th centuriesHungarian/Byzantine/Bulgarian rule 11th–12th centuries

Serbian/Hun-garian/Bulgar-ian rule 13th century

1723–1736: Construction of the Kalemegdan fortress

Ottoman/Austrian rule 16th–19th centuries

Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts con-quered the city, naming it Singidūn. It

was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid-2nd century.

14271688

1696

Belgrade Fortress is a multi-layered and in-tricate monumental complex formed over a long period of time - from the 2nd to the 18th century.

Belgrade is the capital of the Republic

of Serbia and one of the oldest cities of Eu-rope with history that last

7000 years.

1700

1717

1695

1700-1710

1780 It is a customary metaphor that “Belgrade was born in the embrace of two rivers”.

Because of the favorable geographical position it is a basis for founding a settlement on the reef above the confluence of the

Danube and the Sava rivers,the existence of which can be fol-lowed from the Neolitic down to the present days. In about 5250 B.C. there was a large settlement in the area of extant Vinca, as the metropolis of one of the most splendid cultures in European pre-history.

Situated in Southern eastern Europe, be-tween two large geograph-ical areas: the bottom and perimeter of Panonia ,and the north outlines of the Balkan Peninsula. Its specific position created

the name the “gate” of the Balkans to Central Europe and Its name trans-

lates to “White city”.

Belgrade Fortress

1 January 2012: Ada Bridge opened for traffic. 18 December 2014: Pupin Bridge opened for traffic.

New Belgrade 1961

Historic Timeline

Ottoman/Serbian rule 1804–1878

1884: Railway stations and a railway bridge over Sava is constructed (and still in use).

1883: The first telephone lines in Belgrade

1892: The first modern water supply.

1893: Electrifica-tion of the city

1894: The first electric tramway

25 March 1927: The first Belgrade airport (Dojno polje Airport) opened

Serbian rule 1878–1914

Kingdom of Serbia 1918

Croatian rule 1941–1944

Yugoslav Republic 1944–1991Second Yugoslav Republic 1992–2003

Serbia and Montenegro 2003–2006Independent Serbia 2006–present

On March 24, 1999, the North Atlantic Trea-ty Organization (NATO) commences air strikes against Yugoslavia with

the bombing of Ser-bian military positions in the Yugoslav province of Kosovo.

World War I (1914-18)

German armyAustria-Hungarian army

Distribution of informal settlements

The city was liberated by Serbian and

French troops on 1 November 1918.

From the begging of the 1990s the informal growth reached its high-est level. The exact number of in-formal settlements doesn’t exist, but it’s estimated that in Belgrade are around 150 000 illegal housing units.

The plan from the 1971 focused more on building new infrastruc-ture, better transport connections among the parts of the city and the preservation of the quality of the environment.

Belgrade Plan 1912

Belgrade was the capital of Yugosla-via (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006.

1900

1971

After World War II (1939-45), Belgrade grew rapidly and

Novi Beograd (New Belgrade) was built on the left bank of the Sava River, connecting Belgrade with Zemun.

1910

2002

1950

1923

Master plan of Belgrade 2021

2000

Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841.

1882: Belgrade is the capital of the Kingdom of Serbia.

18001888 The city has been

expanding to South and East.

1826

1815-30

1999

27 September 2015: The Bel-grade Waterfront construc-tion works begin.

20 December 2009: Government in Bel-grade decides to apply for EU mem-bership.

Today 1.6 million residents live in Belgrade making the third largest city of Danube and the forth largest city in South Eastern Europe.

3m

6m

9m

12m

21m

18m

15m

Map of Municipalities

Building heights in Kosancicev Venac

Kosancicev Venac

Belgrade

Urban LandscapeOn the right bank of the Sava, central Belgrade has a hilly terrain, while the highest point of Bel-grade proper is Torlak hill at 303 m. The mountains of Avala (511 m) and Kosmaj (628 m) lie south of the city. Across the Sava and Danube, the land is mostly flat, consisting of plains and plateaus.

GENERAL INFORMATION

44° 49′ 0″ N, 20° 28′ 0″ ESurface: Inner city 359.96 km2Elevation: 116.75 mPopulation: 1,659,440Density: 3,241/km2

Potential Climate Change map

Urban Topographic map

Buildings to be Preserved

1845

1906

1823

1937

Possible Spaces & Resouces for Intervention

Empty areasGreen areasGreen areas outside K.V.

No-valueAmbiental

Our first observation is that the existence of

more empty and green spaces would be prefera-ble in order to succeed bet-ter lighting and ventilation. The diagram shows the cur-rent amount of these areas.

Moreover, our second plan indicates that exist-ing buildings next to the

port are considered to be of less value , in con-trast with those which are placed next to the center.

It is worth mentioning that there are possible resourc-es and spaces related to

infrastructures for in-terventions, such as blind facades and surfac-es under bridges.

The prementioned ar-eas can be exploited through pioneering uses in the interior, preserv-ing not only the exteri-or of these constructions,

but also the historical and cultural heritage.

blind faces

blind faces

blind faces

blind faces

blind faces

blind faces

empty spacesgreen spaces

empty spaces

green spaces

empty spaces

green spacesempty spaces

empty spaces

empty spaces

empty spaces

surfaces under bridges

Accessibitity

Route of TramRoute of BussesTram: 2, 11Mini Bus: E4, E6, E9

Bus: 16, 28A, 31, 60, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 75, 77, 84, 85Night Lines: 15N, 29N, 31N, 68N, 75N

Analyzing and contrasting Human movement in the areas of Kneza Mihaila and Kosancicev Venac

Coexistance of tram line & motorway Avenue Paved road Streets

Observations:

Abandoned buldings with no maintenance.

Lack of parking spaces.Parked vehicles on the sidewalks.

Not enough space on the sidewalks in order for plantation to exist.

Coexistance of tram line and cars which is unsafe for both of them.

Pedestrian str. K.MihailaDense human movement

Dense human movement

Normal human movement

Normal human movement

Sparse human movement

Sparse human movement

Analyzing Savamala districtSavamala has a rich historical heritage, similar to Kosancicev Venac. It used to be a grey, dark and lifeless city with a lot of abandoned and deteriorated buildings until design-ers and artists had started to visualize pioneer-ing ideas for this region. Nowadays Savamala is still inspiring young people with interest in ar-chitecture and urban planning whose desire is to transfer Savamala into a place where culture is pictured in every way possible.

In 2007 Dom Omladine took an old warehouse of Nolit publishing house and transformed it into cultural center in which humans are able to watch movies and t attend lectures, exhibitions and performances.

In 2009 another abandoned building turned into a cafe-bar and shop on the ground floor with large art library on the upper floor with a name of Grad cultural center.

Mikser Organization took an old warehouse and transformed it into a diverse space which hosts concerts and educational and cultural events.

Waterfront Gallery constructed between 1905 and 1907 and now is one of the most essen-tial architectural monu-ments in Serbia. Today is undergoing reconstruction which allows it become a symbol of progress, as it also houses the Belgrade waterfront Gallery.

The project Belgrade waterfront or Bel-grade on water, has reached the level of national’s significance. That is reasonable con-sidering the fact that the main attempt aims for the upgrading of the central zone of Belgrade as much as inserting the urban fabric industry in Sa-vamala district. Moreover the conception of relo-cating the railway station in order to accoplish the above is still on the table ( ever since 1923 ). In the master plan tower desings, shopping mall, housing and job opportunities are predicted. One thing is for sure, it introduces Serbia to the world through a new prospect.

On the other hand, the unsuficient script precedures, the lack of plausibility and legality, in the promotion led to public discom-fort and mistrust. Ne da(vi)mo Beograde ( Don’t Drown Belgrade) was the human movement which protested against the propositions. In addition to the political mismanagment, meanwhile the construction works, that lastly began, disrespectful heritage propositions, neglect for the foundation stability and free public spaces occurred. Some people were forced to abandon there homes with a temporary solu-tionand an uncertain future. The pros and cons of the project are not yet fully revealed and for the years to come several difficulties are going to arise from both sides.

UTH

Students: Anastasiou Eirini Iliadou Zoi Vrouza Efthymia

Professor: Trova Vasso

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