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Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 1
PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS IN FEBRUARY 2016
CONTEXT
In themonthofFebruary2016,56,000peoplemadethe journeyacrosstheMediterraneantoGreece. In2015, therewere 856,000 sea arrivals. UNHCR iniHated a data collecHon and analysis exercise with support from the Joint IDPProfilingService(JIPS)inordertobeRerinformthewidercommunityontheprofileofrefugeesarrivingtoGreece,andimproveimmediateresponseandlongertermplanning.Theexercise focusedonSyrian, IraqisandAfghanarrivals,and this factsheet illustrates the resultsof interviewswithSYRIANSduringFebruary2016.
METHODOLOGY
TheprofilingexercisewasimplementedontheislandsthatarereceivingthemajorityofthearrivalstoGreece:Chios,Lesvos,LerosandSamos.ThesurveywasadministeredinlocaHonsoneachislandwhereallarrivalspass.Thesurveywasnotadministeredwhileindividualswaitedinline(e.g.,forregistraHon)andminorsandpersonswithmentaldisabiliHeswereinterviewedinthepresenceofacaretaker.A systemaHc purposive sampling was uHlized and the enumerators interviewed respondents at intervals. Themethodologywas designed using the individual as unit of analysis. The purpose of themethodology is to provide arepresentaHvesampleovertheperiodofonemonth.DatabyGreekauthoriHesonageandgenderbreakdownoftheSyrianpopulaHonsarrivingduringthesameperiodontheislandswereusedtoapplyweightstothedatacollected,toensurearepresentaHonofeachageandgendergroupbasedontheactualdistribuHonofarrivals.The methodology was tested and closely monitored throughout the data collecHon period. Four teams of Arabicspeaking enumerators based in Chios, Lesvos, Leros and Samos interviewed 736 Syrians from 1 to 29 February. TheFebruaryresultsillustratedinthisfactsheetarerepresentaHveoftheSyrianpopulaHonarrivingtoGreeceinFebruary.This exercise started in January 2016 andwill be repeated eachmonth for the first half of 2016 and resultswill beanalyzedattheendofeachmonthtogiveaprofileofthearrivalsfromthemainnaHonaliHes.
LIMITATIONS
OperaHonalconstraintsweresignificant:HmeforconducHng a survey is limited, tensionsmay behigh, some locaHons had to be le^ out due tolackofaccess,etc.Many of the individuals staying overnight inhotels as well as unaccompanied minors mightnot have been reached. The methodologyaRemptedtofactor inthesechallengesasmuchas possible. These challenges must beconsideredwhenreadingtheprofilingresults.
NumberofInterviewsofSyrianindividualsconductedonfourGreekislandsinFebruary2016
284
150
116
186
Lesvos
Chios
Samos
Leros
Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 2
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
Divorced,separated,
1%
Single,57%
Union,married,40%
Widowed,1%
Maritalstatus
6%
19%
25%
28%
20%
1%
39%
35%
25%
1%
0%
0%
None
Primary
Secondary
HighSchool
University
VocaHonal
HighestlevelofeducaBonachievedfor>4yr-oldAdults Children
27%ofallrespondentsarestudents,73%ofwhomhaveinterruptedtheireducaHontotakethisjourneyMost frequent levels of educaHon interrupted
are PRIMARY, HIGH SCHOOL andUNIVERSITY.
3% of women interviewed are pregnant 2% of women interviewed are lactating 2% have a physical disability 8% have a severe medical condition
Spe
cial
nee
ds
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016
Whatwasyourmainoccupa?onbackinyourcountryoforigin?*
16% of adult respondents did nothave professional acHviHes back inthecountryoforigin.Ofthose,83%areWOMENand17%areMEN.30%ofallwomenand5%ofallmenindicated no professional/educaHonacHviHes before leaving their placeofresidence.
SERVICE(30%)
STUDENT(14%)EDUCATION(7%)
MANUFACTURING(4%)
HEALTH(3%)
TRANSPORT(3%)
RETAIL(3%)
FOOD(4%)ADMINISTRATION(5%)
CONSTRUCTION(2%)
3%
5%
5%
5%
8%
9%
20%
0%
3%
4%
4%
5%
5%
6%
17%
1%
0 to 1
2 to 4
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 18
19 to 24
25 to 59
60 and above
% of the interviewed population
Age
gro
ups
AgeandGenderbreakdownofinterviewedSyrians
male
female
*onlyfor18yearsoldandabove
Children,47% Women,23% Men,30%
AgeandgenderdistribuBon
EducaHon
Religion&Ethnicity
Professionalbackground
For a global overview of the age/gender breakdown of the arrivals, go to: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php
80% 17% 3%
Ethnicity
Arab Kurdish Other
19% 2% 79%
Religion
Don’twanttoanswer Other IslamSunni
AGRICULTURE(1%) OTHER(1%)
OTHER(1%)
IT(1%)
JUDICIARY(1%)
Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 3
REASONS TO LEAVE SYRIA
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
1% 11%
88%
Internallydisplacedduetoviolence/conflictinSyriabefore
journey
NeverlivedinSyria No Yes
JOURNEY
1% 4% 6% 9%
30%
50%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
DistribuBonofrespondentsbyyearofdeparturefromSyria
58 days Average duraHon oftravelforthosemovingdirectlyfromSyriatoGreece
4%
18%
25%
52%
<1week
1to2weeks
2weekstoamonth
Morethanamonth
DistribuBonbyBmespentenroute
PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016
96%
2%
1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.4%
Conflict/Violence
Fearofforcedrecruitment
Economic
Reunifywithfamilyabroad
EducaHon
PersecuHon(orfearof)
Mainreasontoleavethecountryoforigin
50%ofallrespondentsstartedtheirjourneytoGreecein201630%ofallrespondentsstartedtheirjourneytoGreecein2015
Deir-ez-Zor(11%)
Damascus(14%)
Aleppo(32%)
GovernoratesoforigininSyria
Homs(6%)
RuralDamascus(6%)
Al-Hasakah(6%)
Idlib(8%)Latakia
(5,1%)
Dara(5,1%)
NEED MAP
Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 4
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016 PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
Deir-ez-Zor
DESTINATION COUNTRIES
44%
19%
12% 11% 10% 10%8%
1% 1% 1%
19%
8%
FamilyreunificaHon
EducaHon Feelwelcomethere
Communityofmyculture
Economic Respectforhumanrights
Fasterasylumprocess
Other Welfaresystem
Don’tknow Didn'tchooseDon’twanttoanswer
ReasonsofthechoiceofthecountryofdesBnaBon
ROUTES FourmainroutestakenbySyrianstoreachtoGreece:
64%-SYRIA>TURKEY>GREECE(SyrianscomingdirectlyfromSyria).
29%-TURKEY>GREECE(SyrianspreviouslylivinginTurkey).2%-SYRIA>LEBANON>TURKEY>GREECE(SyrianscomingdirectlyfromSyria).
2%-IRAQ>TURKEY>GREECE(SyrianspreviouslylivinginIraq).(3%otherminorroutes).
18%ofrespondentsindicatedthattheyhadmadepreviousaRempt(s)tocrosstheborderbetweenTurkeyandGreece.
FINANCE
40%
22%
19%
12%
3%
2%
1%
1%
Borrowingfromfriends
Familypaidforthejourney
Soldassets
Ownsavings
Workedduringthejourney
Don’tknow
BorrowingfromotherenHHes
Don’twanttoanswer
Mainwaystofinancethejourney
MainroutesforSyrianstravellingtoGreece
Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 5
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016 PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
Camps,sites10%
Hostedbyfriends7%
RentedaccommodaHon
80%Other3%
MainaccommodaBonincountrieswherepeoplestayfor6monthsormoreoutsideSyria
33% livedinanothercountry(notSyria)for 6 months or more before starHng thejourney to Europe. Average stay in thecountryofresidencewasoftwoyears.Main countries where people stayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideofSyria
TURKEY(28%ofallrespondents)LEBANON(2%)IRAQ(2%)JORDAN(<1%)
45% of those who stayed in anothercountry formore than 6months reportedhaving no legal documentaHon in thatcountry.Theresthadtemporaryresidence(15%), refugee card (20%), health card(10%)orotherdocuments(10%)
4%
0%
1%
1%
1%
6%
6%
7%
7%
23%
44%
Don’tknow
Don’twanttoanswer
PersecuHonorfearoffuturepersecuHon
Sentbymyfamily
Fearofexpulsion
EducaHon
SurvivalessenHalsarenotmet
Reunifywithfamilyabroad
Conflict,violence
DiscriminaHon
NoJobadequatetoskills,notmeeHngbasiclivingexpenses,avoidexploitaHon
Mainreasonfordeparturefromcountrieswherepeoplestayfor6monthsormoreoutsideSyria
COUNTRY WHERE PEOPLE STAYED FOR 6 MONTHS OR MORE - OUTSIDE SYRIA
35%
20%
45%
Lessthanayear 1to2years Morethan2years
DistribuBonofBmespentincountrieswherepeoplestayfor6monthsormoreoutside
Syria
TRAVELLING GROUP
88% of all respondents are travelling atleast with a close FAMILY MEMBER (child,spouse,parentandsibling).17%aretravellingat least with a member of their extendedfamily(in-law,uncle,aunt,cousin,etc.).
7%ofallrespondentsaretravellingALONE.
88%
17%9% 7%
Closefamily Extendedfamiliy Friends,colleagues Alone
Whoareyoutravellingwith?*
Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 6
ACCESS TO INFORMATION RELATED TO JOURNEY (ROUTE, PROCESS, etc.)
Limita^on: 3% of the enHre sample idenHfiedthemselves as Unaccompanied Children.However, access to separate spaces forunaccompaniedchildrenwasnotalwayspossible.
43%
25%
23%
16%
16%
6%
2%
2%
4%
20%
Travelcompanions
FriendsandfamilyatdesHnaHon
Callingindividualaheadofus
Smugglers
Socialmedia
Mobileapp
Other
Specializedwebsites
Don’twanttoanswer
Don’tknow
InformaBonsourcesused*
56%
14%
11%
9%
8%
7%
6%
2%
1%
2%
19%
None
ContradicHnginformaHon
NointernetconnecHon
Noaccesstotrustworthyinfo
Nophone
NoSIMcard
NoinformaHoninmylanguage
Nophonecredit
Noelectricity
Don’twanttoanswer
Don’tknow
MainchallengestoaccessinformaBon*
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016
* in % of respondents.R e s p ond en t s c o u l dprovide mulHple answer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%
PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
TRAVELLING GROUP
27% of respondents were part of a singlemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.
18% of respondents were part of a singlefemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.LimitaHon: 1% of the enHre sample idenHfiedthemselves as Unaccompanied Children. However,accesstoseparatespacesforunaccompaniedchildrenwasnotalwayspossible.
13%
57%
6% 57% of respondents withclose family members thatwere le^ behind, plan toeventuallybringthemtothecountryofdesHnaHon
52%
25% 24%16% 14%
7% 5% 7%
Lackoffinancialresources
Toovulnerabletotravel
Theywerepreventedfrommoving
Didn'twanttocome Journeyistoorisky Looka^errelaHves Iwasmoreatrisk Other
Whydidhouseholdmembersstaybehind?*
For respondents travelling with close and/or extended family,on average the travelling family is composed of: MALES: 1.4 minors, 1.7 adults FEMALES: 1.5 minor, 1.5 adults
%whoindicatedhavingle`behindaSPOUSE
%whoindicatedhavingle`behindCHILDREN
%whoindicatedhavingle`behindPARENTS
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
DOWEWANTTOADD,"WHODIDITTOYou?"MAINRESULTS:SECURITYFORCESFOLLOWEDBYSMUGGLERS
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)Supported by The Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS)
Contact:
Profiling of Syrian arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 7
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
Other sources: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php
ForUNHCR:DauniaPavone,SeniorRegionalIMEurope,[email protected],UNHCRGreeceIM,[email protected]:DamienJusselme,ProfilingAdvisor,[email protected]
PROFILING OF SYRIAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
ASSISTANCE RECEIVED EN ROUTE AND GAPS
PROTECTION
93%92%91%85%85%79%77%75%75%74%59%58%48%11%3%
WASHfaciliHesFood
Blanket,sleepingbagsClothes/shoes
ShelterInformaHoninmylanguage
ElectricitySafespaceforwomenSafespaceforchildren
MedicalPsycho-socialsupport
LegalassistanceCommunicaHon
HelptoaccessmoneytransferCashassistance
Accesstoassistanceassistanceinanycountryenroute(%ofrespondentswhoreceived...)
Assistance gaps en route iden^fied byrespondents:inTURKEY:#1Medical(17%),#2Shelter(14%),#3Food(14%)
inGREECE: #1 Food (23%), #2 Clothes, shoes(22%),#3Shelter(16%)
37% of respondents directly witnessed orexperiencedprotecHonincidentsduringthejourney.
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
4%
4%
6%
6%
7%
9%
9%
13%
15%
19%
ForcedseparaHon
Sexualharassment
Sexualviolence
Other
Deathoffamilymember
Shipwreck
Robbery,the^
Heldagainsthis/herwill
DetenHon
ExtorHon,corrupHon
ARemptofshipwreck
Shelling
ShooHng,threatofshooHng
EmoHonalabuse
Physicalassault
EconomicexploitaHon
ProtecBonincidentwitnessedorexperienced
55%
30%
7% 5%2%
Turkey Syria Atsea Greece Lebanon
Wheredidtheincidentoccur(country/sea)?
56%
21%12%
6%2% 3%
Publicspace Transport Bordercontrol Shelter Camp,site Other
Wheredidtheincidentoccur(locaBon)?
7%ofrespondentshavebeenseparatedfromafamilymemberduringthejourney.80%ofreportedseparaHonstookplaceinTurkey.ofthe68separaHonsreport,only10hadfoundtheseparatedindividualsattheHmeoftheinterview.
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016