profume® gas fumigant: success of a new post-harvest fumigant · 2018. 6. 3. · fumigation (4%...

ProFume® Gas Fumigant:Success of a New Post-Harvest Fumigant

®™Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLCProFume and Vikane are federally Restricted Use Pesticides.Always read and follow label directions.

Bob Williams, Ph.D.Bob Williams, Ph.D.Ellen Thoms, Ph.D.Ellen Thoms, Ph.D.

John Busacca, Ph.D.John Busacca, Ph.D.Dow AgroSciences USADow AgroSciences USA

Kansas State UniversityKansas State UniversityManhattan, KSManhattan, KS

Heat Treatment Workshop May 13Heat Treatment Workshop May 13--15, 200915, 2009

®™Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLCProFume and Vikane are Restricted Use Pesticides.Always read and follow label directions.

History ofHistory ofProFumeProFume®® gas fumigantgas fumigant

Early 1950’s - Research by The DowChemical Company for an alternative tomethyl bromide (MB) for structuralfumigation

1961 – Vikane® gas fumigant, sulfurylfluoride (SF) as the active ingredient,introduced to protect homes andstructures from drywood termites andother pests

Today - More than one million structures,including museums, cathedrals,historical landmarks, rare book libraries,and scientific and medical researchlaboratories, have been fumigated withVikane to eradicate pests

Fumigation of Chemistry ResearchBuilding (1.4 million ft3), Universityof Florida, Gainesville, FL

®™Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLCProFume is a Restricted Use Pesticide.Always read and follow label directions.

History ofHistory ofProFumeProFume®® gas fumigantgas fumigant

SF does not interact with orcontribute to local ozoneformation or stratosphericozone depletion

1995 – At request of progressivefood industries, DowAgroSciences investigated SFas an MB alternative for post-harvest insect control Dow AgroSciences formed

partnerships with leadingstored product researchers,fumigators and food industriesaround the world to developProFume

2007 - Dow AgroSciences named a winner ofthe United Nations Montreal ProtocolInnovators Award and the US-EPA’s “Best ofthe Best” Ozone Protection Award


Key Benefits of ProFumeKey Benefits of ProFume®®

Broad-spectrum, effective and reliable control of all

pest life stages

Non-corrosive to equipment or electronics

Non-flammable

Low reactivity (no odor potential or off flavors)

Excellent penetration & rapid aeration

Flexibility to optimize current schedules anddowntime

Does not deplete ozone - sustainable chemistry


ProFumeProFume®® Global Registration StatusGlobal Registration Status

2003 - First global registration in Switzerland for use inflour mills

Since then, ProFume has been registered in anadditional 14 countries

2004 – USA, Italy, UK & Germany

2005 – Belgium

2006 – Canada & France

2007 – Ireland, Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico, Australia

2009 - Greece


ProFumeProFume®® Global Registration StatusGlobal Registration Status

2006 – CODEX Alimentarius Commission approvedMRLs for sulfuryl fluoride for international trade

2007 – European Union Annex I listing of Directive98/8/EC (Biocide) of the active ingredient sulfurylfluoride

2008 – European Union set MRLs (Maximum ResidueLimits) for sulfuryl fluoride and fluoride in variouscommodities (Annex III of 396/2005/EC)


General Use PatternGeneral Use Pattern

Varies based on country registration

Residential and/or non-residential structures

Stationary transportation vehicles

(railcars, shipping containers, trucks,

etc., excluding aircraft)

Temporary and permanent fumigation

chambers

Storage structures

Food handling establishments (e.g., pet food facilities, bakeries,food production facilities, mills, warehouses, etc.)


419 known fumigation jobs at 250locations in 31 US states, Puerto Rico,and 3 Canadian Provinces and havebeen fumigated using ProFume 52% verified with Fumiguide data

38% of the structures have beenfumigated 2-8 times with ProFumeover successive years, indicatingcustomer satisfaction and adoption

Average 12 ProFume fumigations permonth during 7-month fumigationseason from March throughSeptember

Commercial Acceptance of ProFumeCommercial Acceptance of ProFume®®Structural Fumigations in North AmericaStructural Fumigations in North America

Farmer’s Rice Cooperative, Sacramento, California, USA

Rice mills representing 50% of the USA rice

processing have converted to ProFume


ProFume Parameters in N.A. byProFume Parameters in N.A. byFumigation Category, 2004Fumigation Category, 2004--20082008

27852.7449 / 62813.929.8841,234,400All Mills &Warehouses

42552.1423 / 65215.139.1851,371,600Rice Mills &Warehouses

4801.7476 / 78743.844.674216,300Commodity Bin, Bin

warehouses,Chambers, & Stacks

34032.9561 / 74216.628.0792,409,400Other Mills &Warehouses

40602.2479 / 64615.828.6821,910,400Food ProcessingPlants & Warehouses

21223.0451 / 60812.124.285744,500Wheat Mills &Warehouses

Mean lb ofFumigant

Used

MeanFinalDose

(lb/1000ft3)

Target / ActualCT

(oz-h/1000 ft3)

MeanActualHLT (h)

MeanPlanned

ExposureTime(h)

MeanEst.

Temp.(°F)

MeanVolume

(ft3)Fumigation Category


96% of the millers surveyed indicated that theywould use ProFume™ again for their subsequentfumigation (4% remained undecided)1

Fumigator (n = 34) satisfaction ratings averaged4.4 out of 51

Miller (n = 20) satisfaction ratings (at 60 dayspost-fumigation) averaged 4.5 out of 51

1 Survey conducted in 2004-2005; Rating Scale of 1-5, 5 = completely satisfied

US Customer SurveyUS Customer Survey


Commercial Acceptance of ProFumeCommercial Acceptance of ProFume®®Structural Fumigations in EuropeStructural Fumigations in Europe

The total number of fumigations in Europe more than doubled from2006 to 2007, indicating commercial acceptance

3612018858131Total

1573410UK

461515871Switzerland

110000Spain

15280403020Italy

10960301630Germany

30300000France

880000Belgium

Total20072006200520042003Country


Additional ProFume fumigationsconducted in Australia, Trinidad, Mexico,and Mauritius in 2008 Example: 2008 ProFume fumigation of

Mauritius flour mill Funded from the Multilateral Fund

(Montreal); implemented through GTZ(Windhoek) under the direction of theMauritius Ministry of Environment

Insects Limited, Inc., Dow AgroSciences,Hardy Henry Services, and RentokilInternational

The mill had a 12.9 h HLT andaccumulated CT dosage 855 oz-h/1000 ft3

The target pests were successfullycontrolled with no damage to electricalequipment

Global Commercial AcceptanceGlobal Commercial Acceptanceof ProFumeof ProFume®®

MauritiusFlour Mill

ProFume* plusIPM Program

The mill was previouslyfumigated with phosphine,which damages sealedelectrical equipment


ProFumeProFume®® Case Studies:Case Studies:CocoaCocoa

In the USA, cocoa beans now fumigated withProFume - collaborative research effort betweenDow AgroSciences, cocoa fumigators, andChocolate Manufacturer’s Association (CMA)

Cocoa beans and fractions fumigated at maximum CTdosage rate (1500 oz-h/1000 ft3) with ProFume had a marginalincrease in F- that was much lower than the MRLs granted bythe USA-EPA

CMA conducted sensory evaluations using ProFume-

fumigated cocoa - concluded the results are satisfactory


ProFumeProFume®® Case Studies:Case Studies:CocoaCocoa

ProFume is more economical thanmethyl bromide for this use pattern

Sorption of SF into cocoa beans ismuch lower than that of methylbromide under identical conditions(Phillips et al., Oklahoma StateUniversity)

A commercial efficacy trialdemonstrated that ProFume killedthe target pests in bioassay(including Indian meal moth eggs) atlow temperatures (45F)

20 h fumigation - Accumulated CTdosage 750 oz-h/1000 ft3

Commercial fumigation of cocoabeans using ProFume

Nearly the entire cocoa industry in the USAhas converted to ProFume


ProFumeProFume®® Case Studies:Case Studies:SeedsSeeds

Dow AgroSciences conducted extensive researchevaluating seed of grass, wheat, corn, cotton, soybeanand canola in collaboration with three major seedcompanies

Comparative tests were conducted between phosphineand ProFume, under varying exposure periods andtemperatures

Results concluded that fumigating all tested seed types at750 oz-h/1000 ft3 did not negatively impact germination orinteract with seed treatments, and compared well withphosphine regarding germ impact


ProFumeProFume®® Case Studies:Case Studies:SeedsSeeds

Major seed companies in the USA are now adoptingProFume for their seed fumigation

ProFume offers flexibility compared to phosphine inreducing the fumigant exposure time, important when seedwarehouses are on tight schedules to fumigate seeds priorto shipment

All areas of a seed production facility can be fumigated withProFume, including those with valuable electronicequipment (sizing towers, packaging lines) that could bedamaged from phosphine


ProFumeProFume®® Case Studies:Case Studies:Grain fumigationGrain fumigation

Efficacy on strains of phosphine-resistant red flour beetle, Triboliumcastaneam, indicated no cross-resistance to SF

Resistance issues with ProFume arenot anticipated because of usepatterns, unique mode of action, andlack of known cross-resistance toother fumigants

Phosphine-resistant lesser grainborer, Rhyzopertha dominica, iswide spread globally

Lesser grain borer

(Photo: University of Kentucky)


ProFumeProFume®® Case Studies:Case Studies:Grain fumigationGrain fumigation

Fumigation of rice and corn in CAhave successfully converted fromphosphine to ProFume wherephosphine-resistant lesser grain boreris present

Using a J-fan at the base of the bin andintroducing ProFume in the top of thesealed bin results in ProFume dispersingto the bin base, up to 120 ft in 3 h

ProFume exposure times average 48-72 h

ProFume offers flexibility to rapidlyfumigate and aerate grain immediatelyprior to shipment, reliable control, and theabsence of particulate residues


Stewardship and TrainingStewardship and Training

3 MajorInterrelatedComponents

Sign StewardshipAgreement

AnnualStewardshiptraining required Classroom Academy Supervised

Training Training Fumigation

Prior to sale or use of ProFume®, fumigatorsare required to undergo training


Classroom TrainingClassroom Training Introduction to ProFume®

Stewardship Policy

Labeling Label, Manual & Fumiguide™

Precautionary Information &Safety/First Aid Connected Areas

Security, Posting & WorkplaceMonitoring

Routes of Exposure & PersonalProtective Equipment (PPE)

Cylinder Handling & Storage

Dosage Calculation Fumiguide™ Program

Precision Fumigation™ Concepts Fumigation Management Plan

(FMP) Fumigation Procedures

Preparation, Sealing & Set-Up Introduction & Distribution Gas Concentration Monitoring Re-Entry, Managed Aeration &

Clearing

Special Fumigations Surface Ships Stationary Vehicles NAP & VAC Chambers Tarped Stacks Silos & Bins


Academy TrainingAcademy Training

Hands-On Site-Specific Applications

Pre-Fumigation & Equipment Planning (FMP)

Safety, Security, Posting & Workplace Monitoring

Preparation & Sealing Procedures

Introduction/Equilibrium, Monitoring & Aeration Planning

Introduction/Equilibrium, Monitoring & AerationEquipment Set-Up

Introduction & Monitoring Equipment Practice

Re-Entry, Managed Aeration & Clearing Procedures


Supervised FumigationSupervised Fumigation

Putting it all together on your own

Preparation & Sealing

Fumiguide™ Model

Area-Specific Introduction & Monitoring Set-Up

Area-Specific Dose Calculation

Monitoring Data Input & Fumigation Status Response

Safety, Security, Posting & Workplace Monitoring

Re-Entry, Managed Aeration & Clearing


ProFumeProFume®® DosagesDosages Extensive laboratory and field trials conducted to define the

dosages required to control all the life stages of target pests undera wide range of fumigation conditions USDA-ARS in California, USA

DFA of California, USA

Central Science Laboratory (CSL), UK

Julius Kuehn Institute, Germany(Formerly BBA, Federal Biological Research Center)

University of Milan, Italy

Laboratoire National desDenrées Stockées, France

Dosages implemented in theProFume Fumiguide An MS-Windows based program


Dosage calculation tool:

Based on pest species & desired level of control, temperature,

exposure time, volume and half loss time (HLT)

Gives gas introduction instructions

When monitoring data are entered, program will calculate actual HLT,

accumulated and predicted CT dosage, and update instructions on

exposure time and fumigant introduction

Allows “what if” scenarios to help plan and conduct fumigations

Enables “Precision Fumigation” - Takes the guesswork out of

fumigation

ProFumeProFume®® FumiguideFumiguideTMTM PEST TEMP

TIMEHLTHalf Loss Time


ProFumeProFume®® FumiguideFumiguideTMTM

Most recent edition released in

Jan 2008

Includes new pests, additional

temperature calculations, and one-

step report generation

The Fumiguide programmed for

a global fumigation market

Calculations converted to English

or metric units

Available in multiple languages

Records fumigation data and

produces reports and graphs

Fumigator uploaded the FumiguideReport onto the same secure website forcustomer review as the field-scanned bar-coded data from rodent traps in thecustomer’s warehouse


ProFumeProFume®® Gas Fumigant SummaryGas Fumigant Summary

SF, recognized as an excellent wood fumigant for nearly 50 years,has been developed by Dow AgroSciences for commodityfumigation

Studies conducted in Europe and the USA have shown ProFumefits the needs of agriculture and food industry for fast andeffective fumigation of commodities, food storage, mills and foodprocessing plants with no adverse effect on equipment, foodquality and the environment when used according to label

Development and commercial launch success in many countriesproves that ProFume is a technically and economically viablealternative to methyl bromide, and to phosphine where resistance,damage, or time constraints are issues


Questions/DiscussionQuestions/Discussion

profume® gas fumigant: success of a new post-harvest fumigant · 2018. 6. 3. · fumigation (4%...

Documents