program 2 improving herd feed efficiency prof frank dunshea department of primary industries...
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Program 2
Improving herd feed efficiency
Prof Frank DunsheaDepartment of Primary Industries
Victoria
Program 2
Improving herd feed efficiency
Reduce Herd FCR from 4.2 to 3.6 (and beyond)
Reduce Cost of Production from $2.05 to $1.50
Profit = (Revenue – COP) x volume
We are proactive as well as reactive
Feed costs Non-feed costs
Feed costs ($/kg)Feed conversion efficiency
Pig production costs…
60%
7%
4%
14%
15%
Feed
Herd
Shed
Labour
Overhead
Pigstats 2003
FCR +Feed Cost
Can we get there?…
Measurement of feed intake
Manipulation of feed intake
- Reduced feed wastage
- Movement to reactive medication
- Increased carcase weight over summer
- Reduced P2 over spring and autumn
- Overcome post-weaning growth check
$0.06
$0.04
$0.05
$0.03
$0.05
Can we get there?…
Improved
production
efficiency and
mortalities
Improved
reproductive
performance
- Reduced medication costs
- Improved growth rate (10%)
- Improved FCR (0.2 units)
- Increased lean content (1%)
- Increased lifetime
productivity
- Reduced seasonal infertility
- Prediction of time of
ovulation
$0.02
$0.07
$0.08
$0.05
$0.07
$0.05
$0.03
Sub Program 2a
Innovative products and strategies for the measurement of feed intake
Dr Bruce MullanDepartment of Agriculture Western
Australia
• Nutritional requirements
• Help to explain variability
• An indicator of health problems
• Other …..
Why measure feed intake ?
Issues
• Individuals vs groups
• Research vs commercial
• Feed disappearance vs feed intake
• Frequency of measurements
• Relationship to other variables
Key components
• Has links to other parts of the CRC
• Obvious relationship with FCE
• Ample technology available
• Has to be practical
• Has to be continuous
Strategy
• A number of proposals submitted
• Many similarities between proposals
• Technical workshop in early 2006
• One major project envisaged
• Associated work to follow
Sub Program 2b
Innovative products and strategies for the manipulation of feed intake (Nutrition and gastro intestinal
function)
Assoc. Prof John PluskeMurdoch University
Possible projects• Strategies to increase
performance after weaning and ensure improved whole-of-life performance,– Risk factors associated with pigs that do not
eat or have reduced intake after weaning– Weaning age x diet ‘complexity’
• Reducing reliance on the use antimicrobials in the pig industry,– Immunostimulants– Probiotics?– Understanding mode(s) of action– Bacterial-epithelium interactions
Possible projects• Optimum levels, ratios and
sources of dietary fibre and fat in diets for pigs, eg, – Role of feeding different levels/types of fat
and dietary fibre on weaner and G/F performance
– Role of fat type(s), fibre types and enzyme supplementation on digestibility and rate of passage
• Protein (amino acid) restriction and subsequent growth, eg, – Compensatory growth– Influence of birth weight– Effects on immune function
Possible projects
• Nutrition and feed processing to manipulate the endocrine control of feed intake before and after weaning – Stimulation of gastrointestinal hormones (gut-
brain axis)– Influence on gastrointestinal and immune function– Specific intervention and effects to low birth-
weight piglets?
Outcomes• Increased understanding of factors
(nutritional, gastrointestinal, behavioural) that influence post-weaning performance, specifically feed intake
• Rational approach to understanding alternatives to antibiotics,– Modes of action– Disease states
• Commercial application of compensatory growth
Likely projects beyond year 1
• Compounds that influence the efficiency of gastrointestinal function and increase feed intake,
– Enzymes– Hydrolysed products– Probiotics– Organic acids
• Optimising the efficacy of feed additives and commercial products (not just product testing)
Sub Program 2c
Alternative therapies, products and/or strategies to improve pig production efficiency and reduce mortality of all
growth phases
Dr Bill HallAustralian Pork Limited
• Eradication of proliferative enteropathy by vaccination and improved hygiene.
• Detection and typing of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to support swine dysentery eradication.
• Development of a novel APP vaccine.
• Development of a novel Glassers vaccine
Possible projects
Sub Program 2d
Growth performance enhancement and
Reproduction Mr. Rob SmitsQAF Meat Industries
The Jigsaw of the Pork CRC
Improvement of herd feed conversion efficiency
More efficient performance
from sow herd
More efficient performance from progeny
Sub program 2dCommercial Objectives
• Improve the number of pigs weaned per sow mated.
• Identify and develop technologies that makes the mating process simpler and more successful.
• Improve the performance of progeny through management practices and nutrition.
Research ObjectivesImproved reproductive
performance• Sow longevity – management and nutrition to keep lean genotypes breeding longer.
• Investigate sow health to minimise mortality and improve fertility.
• Role of omega fatty acids in breeding gilts and sows to improve performance and longevity.
• Evaluation of protocols to synchronise oestrus and controlling time of ovulation to simplify AI
Research ObjectivesAdvancing knowledge on
reproductive physiology in sows• Studying causes of embryo survival
through early embryonic development, oocyte quality and inflammatory responses.
• Causes of foetal loss and termination of pregnancy.
• Nutritional/metabolic effects on oestrous resumption following weaning.
• Post-graduate training to continue excellence in reproductive physiology
Research ObjectivesSeasonal Infertility
• Remains an unsolved production constraint in Australia
• Research efforts to study seasonal infertility/heat stress will be renewed through the Pork CRC.
• Research will look into the mechanisms involved in seasonal infertility - heat stress, light regimens, other consistent seasonal factors on reproductive physiology in the sow.
• Workshop to direct R&D direction. Producer input will be valuable.
Research ObjectivesImproving growth performance of
progeny• Management strategies for gilt
progeny.
• Omega fatty acid (and other functional lipid) supplementation during lactation and post-weaning to improve health and performance of young pigs.
• Optimise the ractopamine regime to increase lean tissue and decrease fat tissue deposition in finisher pigs, especially males.
Sub-program 2e. Advanced Reproductive and
Genetic Technologies
Assoc. Prof. Mark Nottle Dept. Of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology The University of Adelaide
Projects
• Advanced Reproduction– Commercial development of
advanced reproductive technologies•Synchronisation of ovulation
– One shot AI•Embryo transfer•Embryo freezing•Cloning
Embryo transfer
• Commercial development of embryo transfer – Address lag in genetic gain in
Australia.– Transfer of fresh and frozen
embryos
Embryo freezing
• Commercial development of embryo freezing– Preferred method for shipping
genetics between countries
Embryo freezing –current status
Cameron et al 2003
123/2027-30blastocyst
Nagashima et al 1995
3/1392-4 cell
piglets born/ recipients
embryos transferred/ recipient
stage
Embryo freezing
• R&D– Vitrification
•Method •Closed straw
• Outcome– Commercial method for embryo
freezing•Import/export•conservation
Cloning
• Importation of new genetics– Cells as opposed to embryos
• Conservation of genetics– Cell bank
• Commercially– Use of top males (and females ) at
commercial level
– Also reduction in variation •Fewer sires
Cloning
• Is happening• FDA about to rule on sale of
meat etc from cloned animals and their progeny
Cloning
• R&D– Need to increase efficiency to be
commercial
Cloning
• Outcome– Commercial method for cloning
•Import/export•Conservation •Potential to be ultimate breeding tool
– Use of top sires etc at commercial level
– Reduction in variation– Non surgical transfer of frozen
thawed embryos
Advanced Genetics• Lot happening overseas• Niche projects
– The genetic basis of associations between performance traits, finisher feed intake, voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation and sow lifetime reproductive performance, along with piglet performance post weaning
– Development of a selection marker for placental efficiency
A selection marker for placental efficiency
• Ratio of fetal to placental weight
• Less placenta more room for fetuses– eg Meishan
• Highly heritable– Increase in litter size demonstrated
• Highly variable• Male and female components
A selection marker for placental efficiency
• Difficult to select for – Each piglet and its placenta
weighed
• R&D– Aim is to develop a selection
marker– Biochemical, molecular or genetic – Number of candidates
A selection marker for placental efficiency
• Outcome– A selection marker for placenta
efficiency – Increase in liveborn
•Reduction in–Returns , stillborns, runts– Increase in birthweight?
Profit = (Revenue – COP) x volume
We are proactive as well as reactive
Feed costs Non-feed costs
Feed costs ($/kg)Feed conversion efficiency
Program 2
Improving herd feed efficiency
Request - Please scout for new ideas as we must do something innovative not
more of the same