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Andrew T. CampbellWireless Media Systems

Comet GroupCenter for Telecommunications Research

Columbia Universityhttp://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/~campbell/

Programmable broadband, Internet and mobile nets

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net state

signaling transport

management

making networks more programmable

QOS control

distributed systemstechnology

broadband kernel

programmable nets

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• motivation– to facilitiate the easy creation and introduction of

new multimedia services with end-to-end QOS guarantees into broadband networks

• concepts– “open programming networking” environment

– what do we by open?

– what do we mean by programmable?

– QOS explicitly modeled and programmable

– broadband kernel service

– multimedia services use broadband kernel

What is a broadband kernel?

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services and applications networkbroadband kernel services

binding interface base (BIB)

broadband (ATM)

QOS abstractions

service abstractions

NG Internet mobile networks

deg

ree

of p

rogr

amm

abili

ty

QOS abstractions

programming model

programming model

mid

dle

war

e la

yer

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Cap

sule

s-ba

sed

radicalmoderateConservative

Broadbandkernel

Active networks

-new services with QOS

-signal and data separate

-CORBA-based -inject customized code into nodes

-signal and data integrated

Sw

itchl

ets-

base

d

-accelerate introduction of new service, protocols, etc.

xbindmobiware

Mob

ile c

ode-

base

d

Obj

ects

-bas

ed

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ksnetwork objects with QOS

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• xbind broadband kernel project (Lazar)– broadband kernel

– focus: ATM networks

• mobiware project (Campbell)– QOS-aware middleware for mobile multimedia

networking

– focus: QOS in next generation mobile Internet

ProNet projects at Columbia

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– programmable ATM switches/routers

– mobile capable switches/routers

– base stations, and mobile and fixed devices

– programmable multimedia devices

• transports– native ATM transport

– active and adaptive transport

approach

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ClientApplication

ObjectImplementation

BIBBIB

CORBA

IP

Physical

CORBA-based Signaling

programmability

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Source Destination

Connection Manager Router

Topology File

xbind: connection management

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source

Destination

node server

Node Server

Node Server

programmable connection managementconnection manager

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CTRFore ASX-100

IP SwitchNEC Model 5

CTRATML Virata 1

PentiumBase-stations

Virtual switchVirtual switch

qGSMPqGSMP qGSMPqGSMPqGSMPqGSMPGSMPGSMP

Virtual switchVirtual switchVirtual switchVirtual switch Virtual basestationVirtual basestation

programming network nodes

xbind/mobiware xbind/mobiware

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Buf

fer

Man

ager

Scheduler

In port/vpi/vci -> Out port/vpi/vci

Multiplexer

Multiplexer

Multiplexer

vitural switch Schedulable RegionEstimators

programming explicit switch QOS

qGSMP

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virtual switch object idl

interface VirtualLink: MediaTransporter{

void setSchedulableRegion(in short dimension, in short nbHyperplanes, in intArray coefficients) raises (Reject);

void setSchedulingPolicy(in short nbClasses, in short schedulerType, in shortArray schedulerParams) raises (Reject);

void getSchedulingPolicy(out short nbClasses, out short schedulerType, out shortArray schedulerParams) raises (Reject);

void setBufMgmtPolicy(in short nbClasses, in short clsToBufMap, in shortArray bufferMasks, in shortArray thresholds) raises (Reject); void getBufMgmtPolicy(out short nbClasses, out short clsToBufMap, out shortArray bufferMasks, out shortArray thresholds) raises (Reject);

void setTrafficDescriptors(in short nbClasses, in shortArray classMask, in shortArray classParameters) raises (Reject);

void setQOSConstraints(in short nbClasses, in shortArray classMask, in shortArray classParameters) void getEstimator(out short updateThreshold, out short type, out shortArray parameters) raises (Reject);};

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kscomet.ctr.columbia.edu/xbind/wwwSR/SRapplet.html

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multimedia services creation

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Switch Teleconference

Device Manager

Connection Manager

Route

QOSMapper

Transport Controller

TP

Route Manager

TP

Camera

Display

services programming

Broadband kernel services

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Computer CenterFore ASX-200

NYNEX

CTRNEC Model 5

SUN Solaris 2.5

SUN Solaris 2.5

HP 9000sCTRATML Virata 1

CTRScorpio Stinger 1

HP 9000s

SUN Solaris 2.4

PC

Columbia Columbia Video Video

NetworkNetwork

////

PC

HP 9000s

Sun Solaris 2.3

CTRFore ASX-100

programmable testbed

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Fore ASX-100 NEC Model 5 ATML Virata 1

GSMPNEC APIFore API

NodeServer NodeServer NodeServer

SunOS/Solaris,Windows NT/95,HP-UX

Device Manager

qStack

kStack

ipStack

NodeServer

Camera

Connection ManagerRouter

QOS Mapper

Teleconference Manager

Transport Controller

VPN Manager

Display

SpeakerMicrophone

xbind Platform

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Virtual Link

Virtual Link

Virtual Link

VirtualSwitch

VirtualCPU

switch/router

Workstation/PC

NodeServerqGSMP

End-to-end QOS Programmability

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kshttp://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/wireless

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Transport

End-to-EndQoS

Mobility

End-to-EndQoS

Transport Mobility

mobiware

distributed system technology(Corba, xbind, Java)

Next generation mobile Internet

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ksMobiware: programmable mobile network

Adaptive & Active Transport

Active Transport Objects (ATOs)

wireline/wireless packet networks

adaptive multimedia applications with controlled QOS

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ksMobiware features

• QOS controlled handoff signaling protocol• programmable transport (a-trane)

– mobile code put where it is needed

– active filters provide media scaling

– adaptive error control (FEC/ARQ hybrid)

• new adaptive service for air-interface• programmable feature

– handoff signaling

– network service (controlled load, adaptive, ABR)

– programmable MAC support

– programmable beacon (quality, SNR, QOS)

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• mobile soft-state• connection groups• per mobile logical anchor points• programmable features

– mobile soft-state (on/off)

– mobile/ network initiated

– forward/backward

– soft/hard

– connection groups (on/off)

QOS controlled handoff

RAPRAP

QRPQRP

CGCG

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• represents flows as multi-layer streams

• base layer hard QOS

• enhancement layer soft QOS

• clients periodic probe for

more resources

RAPRAP

QRPQRP

resvadpt

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• highly programmable object-based transport• transport algorithms represented as java classes• active transport objects (ATOs)

– mobile code

– executes in mobile capable switches, base-station and devices

Active and adaptive transport

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ksBeaconing and handoff

RAPRAP

Handoffset-up

Soft-statetimeout

Soft-statetimeout

COSCOSQRPQRP

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BS: Cymbal-air Voice-airNWID: 02 00 01 00Signal Level: 18 25SNR: 10 20QOS 1000 500

WaveLANMonitor

Signaling

Air Interface

Air Interface

Cymbal-air Voice-air

BS 1 Mobile BS 2

beacon

beacon

Sign_on_req

Sign_on_ack

Programmable beaconing

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virtual mobile device object idl

// mobile_device.idl//interface MobileDevice : NodeServer {

// initiate the location of Core and connManager void initiate(in string<40> cmName) raises(Reject);

// register with the current basestation void mobileRegister(in long cgi, inout EndPoint bs) raises(Reject);

// conn setup from the current base station to the network, called by mobile void mobileConnSetup(inout QOSSpecification qosSpec, inout EndPoint host_A, in string<40> coreName) raises(Reject);

// handoff setup from the current base station to the network, called by mobile void handoffSetup(inout QOSSpecList qosSpec,inout SourceList, srcnamelist, inout EndPointList destlist) raises(Reject);

// refresh a soft-state connection group through the current // base station to the network

void refreshCG(in Direction dir) raises(Reject);};

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RAPRAPCOSCOS

QRP

Media scaling during handoff

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RAPRAP

COSCOS

New QRP

Inter domain handoff and adaptive error control

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RAPRAP

COSCOS

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nodeServer

routeServerconnectionManager

nodeServer

virtualBS

handoffSetup()refreshCG()

connSetup()refreshCG()

virtualBS

virtualMDhandoff Initiation()

locateCOS()locateQRP()locateRAP()

Mobiware testbed

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• ATM network with Fore, NEC, ATML and Scorpio switches

• air interface: WaveLAN with prog device API

• mobile device: laptop (Windows NT), initiate

handoff based on signal strength and QOS

• base station: PC (Windows NT), send beacons • data : WaveLAN MAC <-> AAL5 <-> ATM • signalling : xbind <-> Corba <-> IP <-> ATM• location management : OrbixName

Implementation

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Media Selector Filter

Media Selector with hand-off

Adaptive network service

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Dynamic Rate Shaping Filter

“drs” at 300 Kbits/sec “drs” at 200 Kbits/sec

Media scaling ATO

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Dynamic Rate Shaping Filter

The effect of “drs” on picture size (Kbytes)

DCT dropping

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Active filters

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measured delay handoffsoft-staterefresh

per-nodesoft-stateteardown

hard-stateteardown

mean (msec) 153 18 12 132

95 percentileconfidence interval

(125 , 181) (16 , 20) (10 , 15) (129 , 158)

– handoff delay

– soft-state refresh delay

– per node soft-state teardown delay

– hard-state teardown delay

Some handoff results

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publications– xbind

• http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/xbind/• Lazar, A.A., Lim, K.S. and Marconcini, F., ``Realizing a Foundation for

Programmability of ATM Networks with the Binding Architecture,'' IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Distributed Multimedia Systems,

– mobiware • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/wireless/• Campbell A.T., "Mobiware: QOS-Aware Middleware for Mobile Multimedia

Networking,” Proc. IFIP 7th International Conference on High Performance Networking, White Plains, New York, April 1997

• software– http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/software/

Publications and Software

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and mobile networks, San Francisco, CA, April 3-4,

1998 October 6-7, 1997, • http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/openarch

– IEEE OPENARCH’98 on Open Architecture and Network Programmability, April

• http://comet.ctr.columbia.edu/openarch

OPENSIG and IEEE OPENARCH’98

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• Programmable networks will revolutionize – the way new network services are offered

• Conservative approach is more acceptable – to telecommunications industry but still seen as

radical departure

• Extreme programming – (i.e., capsule-based) provides the most flexible but

lacks application

• Programmable mobile networking• Content-based networking

Concluding remarks