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Programmable Solutionsin Digital ModemsBringing Broadband Access to the Home
Agenda
• Technology overview– Motivation for digital modems
• Digital modem technologies– Spartan-II FPGAs in satellite modems– Spartan-II FPGAs in ISDN modems– Spartan-II FPGAs in cable modems– Spartan-II FPGAs in DSL modems
• Digital modems evolves into the Residential gateway• Conclusions
• High speed connection to the Internet – Greater than 128Kbps – Always on!– Simultaneous up-Link and down-link communication– Overcomes Internet frustrations– Made possible by digital modems
• Leading broadband access technologies– xDSL, cable, satellite, ISDN digital modems
So What is Broadband Access?
Digital Modem Growth Drivers
• Internet users are demanding more Bandwidth– Home networking
• Internet services such as voice, video & data– Streaming video, web browsing, email, MP3 files, VoIP, digitized
photographs, Video-on-Demand, online gaming• Multiple information appliances having Internet access• Online shopping using high resolution images
– Telecommuters and day extenders• Connecting to corporate LAN through the Internet • Using Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology
– Home businesses
Digital Modem Growth Drivers
• Analog modems have hit the wall at 56 Kbps• Digital modems offer vastly greater bandwidth
– Satellite: 400 Kbps to 38 Mbps– DSL: 1.5 Mbps to 52 Mbps– Cable: up to 10Mbps
Frustrated Maybe ….
Average Download TimesConnection
SpeedWeb Page (30KBytes)
3 minute Music File(3MBytes)
30 second Video/Movie(50 MBytes)
28.8 kbps 9 seconds 15 minutes 4 hours
56 kbps 4.5 seconds 7.5 minutes 2 hours
ISDN (144 kbps) 2 seconds 3 minutes 55 minutes
DSL/Cable 1.5Mbps) <1 seconds 15 seconds 5 minutes
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Year
K U
nits
CableDSLISDN
Source: Dataques t CAGR 39.2%
High Volume!14 Million Units
in 2001
High Volume!14 Million Units
in 2001
Digital Modems - WW Unit Shipments
Impact on the Internet Household• Facilitation of work at home
– Similar high-speed access as work • Potential to leverage voice
– PBX service to the work-at-home population over broadband is a substantial value-add
– Voice over DSL and cable• Impact of always-on and continuous connectivity• Benefits to new bandwidth-intensive applications /
devices– Voice, video, data, music and multimedia
• Lower prices / higher speeds
Satellite Modems
Satellite Modem Overview
• Use the same transponders used to deliver TV• Standards
– DSS: Hughes Network Systems (HNS) proprietary– DVB (ETS 300-421): Open standards consortium– Primestar (ITU-R 217/11): Being phased out
• Issues– Shared media– Unidirectional, return channel is via modem
• Estimated $100M modem sales in 1999
Data Broadcasting
Satellite Operator
PSTNHome User
Download
Upload
World Wide Web
SatelliteInter face
HostInter face
SystemGlue
CPU
Flash RAM
System Block Diagram• Key functional blocks
– Satellite interface– CPU complex– Host interface– Application specific
system glue• Application specific
system glue is required for interconnecting ASSPs
Satellite Interface Components
• Tuner– RF components packaged in shielded module
• Decoder– Single ASSP– Processor interface
• Eight bit microprocessor bus, serial, I2C, etc.
QuadratureData
from Tuner
ClockViterbiDecoder
Synch &De-Interfearer
Reed-SolomonDecoder Descrambler
A/DI
A/DD
QPSK/BPSKDemodulator Data
TunerInterface
ProcessorInterfaceTo AGC
Satellite Interface ASSP Providers
• Market is dominated by Conexant Systems and Broadcom Corporation
• Both are single chip solutions– Demodulator– Forward error correction– Dual eight-bit A/D converters
Supplier Components Processor Interface Standards AvailabilityBroadcom BCM4201 Universal Satellite Receiver I2C, SPI DSS, DVB, Primestar NowConexant HM1211 Demodulator serial, motel DVB, DSS Now
Host Interfaces
• Popular interfaces for satellite modems– USB for external modem– PCI for add-in card
• USB– Comes with all new PCs– Customer does not have to open PC
• PCI– Lower cost, no case or power supply– Limits system interoperability
• No PCI slots in iMac
Satellite Modem Design
• HNS DirecPC®-USB receiver• The challenge
– Add USB interface to satellite modem architecture– Leverage ASIC technology developed for PCI card
• Spartan-II XC2S30 is used for system level glue, interfacing– CPU– Demodulator– HNS ASIC– USB controller
1998 1999 2000 2001
$10$10Sy
stem
G ates
30K
Spartan-XL40K
Spartan-III
250K
Spartan-II
100K
FIFOsFIFOs
PALsPALs
HDLCHDLC
UARTsUARTs3232--bit, bit, 3333--MHz MHz
PCIPCI
PCIPCI--MIPS MIPS
BridgeBridge
64 Bit 64 Bit PCIPCI
Reed Solomon Reed Solomon EncoderEncoder
Video Line Video Line BufferBuffer
Ethernet Ethernet MACMAC
Higher Density Enables New Applications
ATM ATM IMA IMA
Digital Modem
Graphics Card
Office Networking
Set-Top Box
Embedded µP Apps
Satellite Modem Block Diagram
ODU Tuner
LNBController
LSIDemod-
ulator
USB
Cable
FIFO
NET2800USB
Controller
* HNS Proprietary ASIC
SRAM64K x 32
BootPROM
XC2S30 HNSASIC
PCI Bus
Channel
Interface
A/D Bus
Address BusLatch
IDT79R3041RISC
Processor
Spartan-II Device Functions• Processor interface
– Control registers, watchdog timer• Data buffer between HNS ASIC & demodulator• 32-bit CRC check for incoming packets• USB controller interface
– Bus arbitration, FIFO control, DMA control• PCI target interface
– Lets RISC chip take over host processor functions
Viterbi Decoder
TunerInterface
Flash
SystemInterconnectivity
CPU
ADC
RAM
Data
Quadrature Data from Tuner
Clock Generator
Q - Channel Input
I - Channel Input
QPSK/BPSK Demodulator
ADC
Synch & De-Interleaver
Reed-Solomon Decoder Descrambler
Clock
De-Interleaver RAM
MPEGTransport & A/V
RF In
I/O
Decryption MPEG A/VVideo Encoder
RAMVIDEO AUDIO
Satellite Modems
ISDN Modems
ISDN Overview
BRI - Basic Rate ISDN2 Bearer Channels @ 64kbps1 Data Channel @ 16kbps
PRI - Primary Rate ISDN23 or 30 Bearer Channels @ 64kbps1 Data Channel @ 64kbps
Understanding ISDN Equipment
Terminal Equipment (TE1) - ISDN readyTerminal Equipment (TE2) - Non ISDNTerminal Adapter (TA) - Analog to ISDN
Network Terminator (NT1) - Subscriber Line IsolationNetwork Terminator (NT2) - Network Switch (PBX)
ISDN Integrated Digital Services Network
• High-speed, fully digital telephone service– Upgrades today's analog telephone network to a
digital system• Can operate at speeds up to 144Kbps
– 5 or more times faster than today's analog modems– Dramatic speed up of information transfer over the
Internet or over a remote LAN connection• Rich media like graphics, audio, video or other applications
• Widely available
ISDN
• The Original Digital Service– Technology was defined in the mid-80s
• Uses circuit switched technology to support– D (Delta) channels are used for signaling– Data is transported over 64 Kbps B (Bearer) channels– Channels may carry voice, packet data, video
Two Major Variants
• BRI (Basic Rate Interface)– Targeted at home and small business users– Provides 2 B channels over a single twisted pair
• PRI (Primary Rate Interface)– Targeted at larger corporate customers– Provides 23 B channels over T1 in North America – Provides 30 B channels over E1 in Europe
ISDN Model
Functional Groupings• TE2 (Terminal Equipment 2)
– Non-ISDN equipment such as personal computers• TA (Terminal Adapter)
– Interfaces non-ISDN equipment to the ISDN• TE1 (Terminal Equipment 1)
– ISDN terminal equipment such as ISDN phones• NT1 (Network Termination Equipment, Layer 1)
– Terminates the ISDN network connection at the physical layer• NT2 (Network Termination Equipment, Layer 2)
– Terminates the ISDN network connection at the data link layer
Reference Points• R (Rate) Reference Point
– Non-ISDN interface between non-ISDN user equipment and terminal adapter
• S (System) Reference Point– Interface between Terminal Adapters (TA) or terminal and
Network termination• T (Terminal) Reference Point
– Interface between Network Termination (NT) equipment• U (User) Reference Point
– Interface between customer and central office
U Reference Point
• Connects subscriber to Central Office (CO)• Point to point connection with a 5.5 km maximum
distance• 2 wire interface• 2B1Q line coding
– 2B1Q in North America– 4B3T in Europe
• Adaptive equalization, echo cancellation• Data is scrambled
– Improve clock recovery & spectral characteristics
S/T Interface
• Interconnects customer premises equipment (CPE)
• Bus topology • 4 wire interface• 1 km maximum distance• Alternate Space Inversion (ASI) line coding
Proprietary TDM interfaces
• Used to connect ISDN devices inside equipment• 4 to 7 wire interfaces
– Clock– Data In– Data Out– Start of frame indicator
• Several versions defined by ASSP vendors– CHI (Concentration Highway Interface): Lucent– IOM-2 (ISDN Oriented Modular Interface): Infineon, AMD– IDL (Inter-chip Digital Link): Motorola
ISDN In the Real World
External ISDN Modem• Includes processor for protocol processing• Optional POTS interface• System glue
– Interface glue for ASSPs– ISDN TA functions
Internal ISDN Modem• Uses host for protocol processing• Voice features use host’s sound card• System glue
– Host bus interface– ISDN TA functions
Always On ISDN• Provides continuous Internet connectivity• Forwards IP traffic over the D channel
– 16 kbps bandwidth– X.25 encapsulation
• Requires support from– ISP– Phone company– Hardware (modem/router)
IDSL
• IDSL = ISDN Digital Subscriber Loop• Developed by Ascend• Uses ISDN transport
– 2B+D - 144 kbps– Static connections, no signaling
• Does not support ISDN voice calls– Requires VoIP instead
ASSP ProvidersSupplier Device Function
Motorola MC145572 U-Interface TransceiverMC145574 S/T-Interface TransceiverMC145575 Passive ISDN Terminal AdapterMC145576 Single-Chip NT1
AMD Am79C30A/32A Digital Subscriber ControllerLucent T7234 Single-Chip NT1
T7256 Single-Chip NT1 with Microprocessor and TDM InterfaceT7237 U-Interface 2B1Q Transceiver
T9000/T9001 ISDN Network Termination Node (NTN) DevicesT7250 S/T-Interface with HDLC
National TP3410 U-Interface TransceiverTP3420A S/T Interface Device
Infineon PEB 2091 U-Interface TransceiverPEB 2086 S/T Interface DevicePEB 8090 Single-Chip NT1PEB 8191 Single-Chip NT1 with Microprocessor and TDM Interface
Yamaha YTD423 HDLC with Microprocessor InterfaceYTD421 S/T Interface Device
Asahi Kasei AK520S Single-Chip NT1
Design Example: ISDN PCMCIA Modem
• Design objectives– Lowest possible total product cost
• Target < $30 for complete solution– Fastest time-to-market solution
• Use available intellectual property as possible• PCMCIA core - Mobile Media Research, Xilinx Alliance Partner
• Spartan/XC9500 support solution– Spartan FPGAs implement system glue functions & PCMCIA
interface– XC9500 manages memory interface– Spartan/XC9500 very cost effective
ISDN PCMCIA Modem
• PCMCIA - standard PC laptop interface– Implemented using IP core
• Requires system glue– Motorola MC145572 U transceiver to PCMCIA interface
• Memory control in CPLD
ISDN PCMCIA FPGA
HDLC In
HDLC Out
MUX
IDLMux/
DeMux
FSRFSXDCLDOUTDIN
B Ch 1
B Ch 2
D Ch
DATA[7:0]ADDR[12:0]
WEOE
ECSSCS
MemoryController
/BufferManager
PCMCIAInterface
IREQ#IORD#IOWR#REG#CE1#
STSCHG#INPACK#SA[25:0]
D[7:0] HDLC In
HDLC Out
HDLC In
HDLC Out
Data In
Data OutAddr
Data In
Data Out
Addr
PCSPINT
ISDN PCMCIA FPGA Block Diagram
Spartan Functionality
ASSP Manufacturer / Part Number
Spartan System Glue - Functions
ISDN U–Interface Transceiver
Motorola MC145572
Handshaking ASSP Interface
IDL Data Multiplexing IDL Data Demultiplexing
Host: PCMCIA Xilinx XCS40XL-4VQ100C &
Mobile Media Research (PCMCIA IP Core)
PCMCIA Interface Functions Function Control Register
Files
CPU Philips 8051 Microcontroller
System Initialization Functions
Xilinx - The Super Glue of System Logic
ISDN InterfacesTerminal AdapterTerminal Equipment
Without Xilinx
With Xilinx
Host ASSPsRS - 232EthernetUSBFireWire
ISDN Summary• Perfect match for use in ISDN modems
– Faster Time-To-Market with programmable logic– Easily integrates system logic functions
• Interface, control, decode, state machines, etc.– Extremely cost effective
• Customer benefits using Xilinx in ISDN modems– Most efficient way to integrate standard ASSPs– Hits both price & performance targets– Speeds Time-To-Market (TTM)
• Maximizes new product revenue• “Off-the-shelf” IP further accelerates TTM
– Provides total IC / Software / IP solution
Cable Modems
Cable Modem Overview
Cable
• Internet access on the same cable that delivers regular CABLE (CABLE is short for cable TV (CATV) network)
• Offered by cable companies• Subscriber uses a cable modem to access this
broadband connection• Potential speeds up to 10Mbps
– Number of users on the system affects speed
Cable Modems• Device that allows high-speed data access from a PC to
the Internet via a cable TV (CATV) network• Modem in the true sense of the word
– Modulates and demodulates signals– Delivers Internet data to the desktop at blazing speeds– It simply uses the increased bandwidth of the TV cable instead
of an ordinary phone line• Can be part modem, part tuner, part
encryption/decryption device, part bridge, part router, part NIC card, part SNMP agent, and part Ethernet hub
Cable Modems• They typically have two connections
– One to the cable wall outlet and the other to a PC• Online access via cable modems provides PC
users faster access to online information– Up to 1000 times faster than today’s fastest telephone
modems– Cable modem speeds range from 500 Kbps (500,000
bits per second) to 10 Mbps (10 million bits per second)
• In comparison V.90 56K modems top out at 56,000 bps
Cable Modem - Market Drivers
• Increasing popularity of the Internet• Increasing demand for high speed access to Internet• Rapid entrance of AT&T into cable business• Increasing use of cable modem services by small
businesses and SOHOs• Growth in telecommuting• Increasing availability of multimedia & interactive
applications requiring high-bandwidth capabilities
Cable Modem - Market Drivers
• Cable already passes by the majority of all households
• Cable modems were the first to market and have the largest customer base
• Increasing acceptance of DOCSIS standard• Increased deployment of hybrid fiber coax
systems• Aggressive marketing of cable modem services
stimulates demand
Cable Modem - Market Restraints
• Limited availability of cable modem services to residential customers
• Speed decrease due to shared nature of cable modem services
• Relatively expensive cost of service• Expensive cost of equipment purchase and
installation• Competition from ADSL services
Cable Modem - Market Restraints
• Limited availability of cable modem services to businesses
• Concerns over data security• Limited choices of Internet Service Providers
(ISPs) due to fight over open access• Low upstream transmission speeds discourage
the usage of cable modem services
What is a Cable Modem?
• CABLE - short for cable TV (CATV) network• MODEM - MOdulator-DEModulator• Cable modem
– Client device for providing 2 way communications (data, voice and video) over the ordinary cable TV network cables
• Downstream - Data flowing from the CMTS to the cable modem
• Upstream - Data flowing from the cable modem to the CMTS
How Do Cable Modems Work?• Connect the Cable Modem to the TV outlet for your cable TV• The cable TV operator connects a Cable Modem Termination
System (CMTS) at their end (the Head-End)– The CMTS is a central device for connecting the cable TV network to a data
network like the Internet
Upstream Demodulator QPSK/16-QAM
Downstream Modulator 64-QAM/256-QAM
Upstream Modulator QPSK/16-QAM
Downstream Demodulator64-QAM/256-QAM
CMTS (Head-End) Cable Modem
Cable Modem at the Subscriber Location
Data and Control Logic
MAC
One-to-Two Splitter
RF Tuner
QAM Modulator
QPSK/QAM Modulator
Set-Top Box
PC
PC
PC
Cable Modem
CPU & LAN
Controller
Tuner
DOCSISTransceiver
LPF
RAM Flash
SRAM
PGA
SAW
DOCSISMAC
10/100Ethernet
USB
HPNA 2.0
DOCSIS Cable Modem
• DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification– The dominating cable modem spec that defines the technical specs for
both the cable modem and the CMTS• Architecture
– Tuner, transceiver (modulator/demodulator), MAC, CPU, interface
OSI Layer Stack-up for DOCSIS Cable Modem
OSIHigher Layers Applications
Transport Layer TCP/UDPNetwork Layer IP
Data Link LayerUpstream Downstream
TDMA (min-slots) QPSK/16-QAM
TDM (MPEG) 64/256-QAM
Physical Layer
DOCSIS
DOCSIS Control Messages
IEEE 802.2
Inside a Cable Modem• Tuner
– Connects directly to the CATV outlet– Converts TV channel to a fixed lower frequency (6-40 MHz)
• Normally a tuner with build-in diplexer is used, to provide both upstream and downstream signals through the same tuner
• Must be of sufficiently good quality to be able to receive the digitally modulated QAM signals
• A new concept of a silicon tuner is in the works– “Tuner on a chip”– Expected to cut the cost down quite a bit compared to a more
conventional tuner module– Companies
• Sharp, Temic, Panasonic
Inside a Cable Modem
• Demodulator– Performs analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion,
demodulation (QAM-64/256), Reed Solomon error correction and MPEG frame synchronization
• In the receive direction, the interface signal feeds a demodulator
– Companies• Broadcom, Conexant Systems, SGS Thomson, VLSI
Technologies/Philips, LSI Logic, Fujitsu
Inside a Cable Modem
• Burst modulator– Performs Reed Solomon encoding, modulation (QPSK/16-
QAM), frequency conversion, digital-to-analog conversion • In the transmit direction, a burst modulator feeds the tuner• The output signal is fed through a driver with variable output level, so
the signal level can be adjusted to compensate for the unknown cable loss
– Companies• Broadcom, Conexant Systems, Analog Devices, SGS Thomson
• Combined demodulator and burst modulator chips are also available– The integration race drives more functions into a single chip
Inside a Cable Modem• MAC (Media Access Control) sub-layer in the network
stack (runs on both the cable modem and head-end)– Extracts data from MPEG frames, filters data, protocol
execution, times transmission of upstream bursts– Sits between the receive and transmit paths– Can be implemented in hardware or split between hardware
and software– Assigns upstream frequency & data rate– Allocates time-slots (upstream bandwidth)– The MAC is complex compared to an Ethernet MAC– Requires CPU to handle MAC layer functions– Companies: Broadcom, Texas Instruments, Conexant
Inside a Cable Modem• Interface
– Data passes through the MAC and goes into the computer interface of the cable modem
– PCI bus, USB, Ethernet, HomePNA• CPU - microprocessor
– Required for external cable modems • Single-chip cable modem are emerging
– Combines the MAC, demodulator, burst modulator, CPU, Ethernet/HomePNA/PCI/USB interfaces
– Additional parts such as memory, tuner, analog, power supply will not be within the single-chip cable modem
QAM & QPSK
• QAM - Quadrature Amplitude Modulation– A method of modulating digital signals using both
amplitude and phase coding• QPSK - Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying
– A method of modulating digital signals using four phase states to code two digital bits per phase shift
Downstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer
• Downstream– The signal received by the cable modem from the CMTS
• Modulation– 64 QAM and 256 QAM
• Bandwidth– 6 MHz (USA) & 8 MHz (EU) occupied spectrum that coexists
with other signals in cable• Frequency
– 42-850 MHz (USA) and 65-850 MHz (EU)
Downstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer
• Data rates– 27-56 Mbps
• Continuous stream of data with no implied framing, provides complete PHY and MAC decoupling
• Downstream data is received by all cable modems– The total bandwidth is shared between all active cable
modems on the system– Each cable modem filters out the data it needs from the stream
of data
Upstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer
• Upstream– Data flowing from the cable modem to the CMTS– It is always in bursts– Many modems can transmit on the same frequency
• Modulation formats – QPSK (2 bits per symbol) and 16 QAM (4 bits per symbol)
• Bandwidth per channel– 2 MHz for a 3 Mbps QPSK channel
• Frequency– 5-65 MHz
Upstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer
• Data rates – 320 kbps to 10 Mbps
• Transmit bursts of data in time slots (TDM)– Slots may be marked as reserved, contention or
ranging• One downstream is normally paired with a
number of upstream channels to achieve the balance in data bandwidths required
Standards & Technologies -Many Different
• 1st generation - proprietary systems• MCNS - Multimedia Cable Network System
– Limited partnership by formed by Comcast, Cox, TCI, Time Warner, MediaOne, Rogers Cable and CableLabs
• DOCSIS– Managed by CableLabs (certification program for vendors)
• IEEE 802.14• Products from different vendors must be interoperable
– Helps to develop a mass market for cable modems
Summary
• Cable modems provide high-speed Internet access
• Always-on connection• Cable data networks provide privacy, security,
data networking, Internet access and quality-of-service features
xDSL Modems
DSL Overview
Splitter(Voice & Data)
A - Rack of ADSL Line CardsB - Voice routed over PSTNC - Multiplexed Internet access
1.0Gps
xDSL Modem(Internal or external)
ADSL
Voice
freq
ADSL Equipment
• ADSL - employs existing Telco wiring• Digital Subscriber Local Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) located in
CO• DSL employs adaptive digital modulation technologies to achieve
increased data rates (1.5 Mbps - 8 Mbps)
DSL Market Trends• Typical telephone call lasts 3 minutes
– Internet traffic lasts 3+ hours with no increased revenue• Increased traffic requires increased investment in
switching equipment– DSL services enable local telco to generate revenue from
investments in additional switching equipment• Competition from digital ISPs causing steep reduction in
service costs– Digital ISPs include satellite & cable
DSL Market Trends
• Minimizing cost structures imperative to offering price competitive solutions
• Lowering DSLAM cost has greatest impact on total cost reduction– More channels provided than used– Line card is best target for cost reduction
• Spartan-II FPGAs deliver– Low cost / gate– Feature set
• Allows increased integration for lower total solution cost
DSL Technologies
DSL TypeDSL Type
ADSL (Asymmetrical)ADSL (Asymmetrical)
ADSL G.liteADSL G.lite
HDSL (High Bit Rate)HDSL (High Bit Rate)
HDSL (High Bit Rate)HDSL (High Bit Rate)
HDSL2HDSL2
RADSL (Rate Adaptive)RADSL (Rate Adaptive)
SDSL (Symmetrical)SDSL (Symmetrical)
VDSL (Very High Bit Rate)VDSL (Very High Bit Rate)
0.5 - 8 Mbps0.5 0.5 -- 8 Mbps8 Mbps
1 Mbps1 Mbps1 Mbps
1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps
2.048 Mbps2.048 Mbps2.048 Mbps
1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps
Variable to 12 MbpsVariable to 12 MbpsVariable to 12 Mbps
12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps
25 Mbps to 50 Mbps25 Mbps to 50 Mbps25 Mbps to 50 Mbps
64 Kbps to 640 Kbps64 Kbps to 640 Kbps64 Kbps to 640 Kbps
128 Kbps128 Kbps128 Kbps
1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps
2.048 Mbps2.048 Mbps2.048 Mbps
1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps1.544 Mbps
Variable to 1 MbpsVariable to 1 MbpsVariable to 1 Mbps
12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps
25 Mbps to 50 Mbps25 Mbps to 50 Mbps25 Mbps to 50 Mbps
12K to 18K12K to 18K12K to 18K
12K to 18K12K to 18K12K to 18K
12K on 2 pairs12K on 2 pairs12K on 2 pairs
12K on 3 pairs12K on 3 pairs12K on 3 pairs
12K on 1 pair12K on 1 pair12K on 1 pair
18K to 25K18K to 25K18K to 25K
11.5K to 22K11.5K to 22K11.5K to 22K
3K3K3K
DownloadDownload UploadUpload Distance (feet)Distance (feet)
DSLChannels
PCI
SSTL-2/3 Translators
GTL/GTL+ Transceivers
Hot Swap Controllers
PLLs/ Clock Management
DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s)
Memory
HDLCController
Processor
SystemController
PCI BackplaneInterface
High Performance Backplane
Generic DSL Line Card
DLL
CL IOB
IOB
IOB
IOB
IOB
IOBIOB
IOB
DLL
DLL DLL
CLCL
CL
. . .
. . .. .
.
. . .
CLB CLB
CLB CLB
RAM
RAM
RAM
RAM
I/O Routing Ring
I/O Routing Ring
True Dual-PortTM
4K bit RAM
Clock managementMultiply clockDivide clock
De-skew clock
Chip to BackplanePCI 33MHz 3.3VPCI 33MHz 5.0VPCI 66MHz 3.3VGTL, GTL+, AGP
Chip to MemoryHSTL-I , HSTL-IIIHSTL-IVSSTL3-I, SSTL3-IISSTL2-I, SSTL2-IICTT
Chip to ChipLVTTL, LVCMOS
Power-down modeConfiguration & register
state maintainedPower-down status pin
SelectI/OTM
Technology
Logic and Distributed RAM
Configurable Logic Block (CLB)Delay Locked Loop (DLL)
4Kx12Kx21Kx4512x8256x16
Block Memory
Power Management
Spartan-II Feature Rich ForDSL Solutions
Delay Locked Loops Lower Memory and Board Costs
Spartan-II Clock Management
1998 1999 2000
200 MHz Memory Continuum - Transparent Bandwidth
DSP Coeffic ientsSmall FIFOs
16x1
Distributed RAM
Large FIFOs Video Line BuffersCache Tag Memory
4Kx12Kx21Kx4512x8256x16
Block RAM
SDRAMSGRAM
PB SRAMDDR SRAMZBT SRAMQDR SRAM
External MemoryInterface
Memory Corner
Free Reference DesignsMemory Corner
Memory Corner
Free Reference Designs
Free Reference Designs
Spartan-II Memory Solutions
Spartan-IITrue Dual-Port
Block RAM
Port A
Port BWR
WR
WR
RW Data Flow Spartan-II
A to B YesB to A YesA to A YesB to B Yes
Spartan-II Block RAM• True Dual-port Static RAM - 4K bits
– Independently configurable port data width– 4K x 1; 2K x 2; 1K x 4; 512 x 8; 256 x 16
– Fast synchronous read and write• 2.5-ns clock-to-output with 1-ns input address/data setup
• Collaboration between Xilinx and major memory vendors to providecomprehensive web-based memory solutions
• Free reference designs (VHDL/Verilog)• SRAM, DRAM & embedded FPGA memory solutions• Data sheets, app notes, tutorials, FAQs, design guidelines
Memory Corner
Memory Corner Offers
Free Reference DesignsMemory Corner Offers
Free Reference Designs
Spartan-II - System Integration
DSLChannels
PCI
SSTL-2/3 Translators
GTL/GTL+ Transceivers
PLLs/ Clock Management
Memory
SystemController
High Performance Backplane
DS3134CN8478
Bt8471/2
PSB2110PM7380
$10 $10 -- $120$120
$6
$4
$3
$3
MPC107GT64130
$16 $16 -- $65$65
PCI9610PCI9054S5933S5920GT64115
$12 $12 -- $25$25
Hot Swap Controllers
DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s)
HDLCController
PCI BackplaneInterface
Processor
Generic DSL Line Card
DSLChannels
SSTL-2/3 Translators
GTL/GTL+ Transceivers
Memory
High Performance Backplane
PLLs/ Clock Management
XC2S100XC2S100$9.95$9.95
PCI
XC2S100XC2S100$9.95$9.95Hot Swap Controllers
Processor
DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s)
PCI BackplaneInterface
HDLCController
SystemController
Generic DSL Line CardLogic and Interface Savings By Using Spartan-II FPGAs
Spartan-II IP Solutions for HDLC Controllers
• Spartan-II + HDLC Controller IP = Programmable HDLC Controller Solution
• AllianceCORE partners– Memec Design Services
• Single channel XF-HDLC controller core – CoreEl Microsystems
• PPP8 HDLC (CC318f) controller core
• The two IP solutions are crafted to cater to different applications
Spartan-II IP Solutions for HDLC Controllers
AllianceCORE Partners Memec Design Services CoreEl Microsystems
Products/Cores Single Channel XF-HDLC Controller CC318f - PPP8 HDLCSpecification Standard International ISO/IEC3309 RFC1619 PPP over SONETAddress Recognition N.A. N.A.
Data Rate DC to 53Mbps (STS-1) N.A.CRC/FCS 16- & 32- Bit 16- & 32- Bit
FIFO customization Yes N.A.DMA customization Yes N.A.
Multiple HDLC Scaling Yes YesSynchronous Full N.A.
Features full duplex operation allowed
supports programmable address, control, protocol fields; supports 8-
bit pkt & framer interface; error detection statist ics
Memec Design Services
Single-Channel XF-HDLC Controller Block Diagram
CoreEL MicroSystems
CC318f HDLC Controller (Transmitter) Block Diagram
CoreEL MicroSystems
CC318f HDLC Controller (Receiver) Block Diagram
The Spartan-II Competitive Advantage: Data Rate/Throughput
• HDLC controller solution data throughput– Spartan-II
• 53Mbps– Typical HDLC controller ASSP data throughput
• ~ 2.5 - 8.192Mbps
• HDLC controller solution CRC– Spartan-II
• 16-bit and 32-bit provided– Typical HDLC controller ASSP
• No flexibility
The Spartan-II Competitive Advantage: 100k Unit Cost
• Typical HDLC controller ASSP– ~$4.56 (1 channel)– ~$60 - $120 (multi channel)
• Spartan-II HDLC controller solution– ~$3.95 (1 channel)– ~$10 (multi channel)
The Spartan-II Solution has a Clear Competitive Advantage over Stand-alone ASSPs
0.5
1
0.1
External PLD7K Gates
External DLLs, memories, Controllers and translators
Standard Chip
Rela
tive
Com
pone
nt C
ost
PCI ASSPPCI Master
and Slave I/F
XC2S30-5 PQ20815K Gates Logic
PCI Master I/F
Solution <$6Solution <$6
Spartan-II FPGAs Lower Overall System Cost
A Successful Programmable Solution
Spartan-II + Soft IP = Programmable ASSP
Programmable ASSP - Value• Time to market• Flexibility• Field upgradability• Address lower volume strategic applications• Distribution and inventory management
Conclusions on Digital Modems
• Demand for greater Internet bandwidth is driving the need for digital modem solutions– Satellite, ISDN, cable, xDSL
• Fierce competition spawns wide range of ASSPs• ASSPs require system glue logic• Spartan-II FPGA provides higher densities, increased
features and maximum flexibility at low costs
• Spartan-II + Soft IP = Programmable ASSP
The Digital Modem Evolves Into The Residential GatewaysHome Networking using a Digital Modem
New Dimensions to Home Internet Access
• Internet revolution – New ways to communicate, entertain & educate– Millions of users rushing to Gain Internet access
• Applications & services are fueling demand for high-speed Internet access– E-mail, instant messaging, shopping, games, research
• Home users are embracing a variety of new services– Broadband access will evolve to bring new dimensions to the
Internet experience
Convergence Is Happening!
• Invisible computing embedded within everyday devices– Increasing intelligence of everyday appliances
• Digital revolution– Infrastructure: Circuit-switched to IP-based networks– Analog TV to Digital TV
• Internet is ubiquitous– Being deployed within commercial channels
• Business-to-Business commerce, secure transaction processing, banking
• Deregulation of global infrastructure– Multiple industries such as telecom, cable and utilities
* - Dataquest, ** - Yankee Group, *** - Forrester Research
The Push for Home Networking• Rapid growth in multiple-PC household penetration
– PC penetration exceeds 50% in US households– Multi-PC/household growth (U.S.): 15M (1998) to 26M(2003) *
• Increasing Internet usage– Internet usage growth (U.S.): 20% (1997) to 47% (2001) **
• Demand for Broadband– Broadband penetration growth (U.S.): less than 1M (1998) to
more than 15M (2002) ***• Info-appliance Invasion
– Increased Sharing of digital content inside the home
History Repeats Itself Again...
• Television– There was a time when one television set per home was
considered a luxury– Today 76% of US households have two or more television sets– Three factors contributed to multiple TV ownership
• Purchase of newer/bigger/ better television• Additional television to reduce conflicts over TV use• Television in bedroom / kitchen
– Replace the word “TV” with “PC” and history repeats itself again!
Source: Cahners In-Stat Group
Worldwide Home Network & Residential Gateway Forecast
Residential GatewayThe Key Ingredient For Home Networking
• RGs provide integration of different broadband access types & different home networking solutions– Broadband access
• ISDN, satellite, xDSL & cable modems– Home networking solutions
• No new wires– HomePNA, HomePlug
• Wireless– Bluetooth, HomeRF, wireless LANs (IEEE802.11 & HiperLAN2)
• New wires– Ethernet, IEEE 1394
Four Aspects to Home Networking
Market Requirements and Solutions Available
BroadbandAccess
BroadbandAccess
ResidentialGateway
ResidentialGateway
HomeNetworking
Technologies
HomeNetworking
Technologies
InformationApplicationNetworks
InformationApplicationNetworks
Market RequirementsMarket Requirements Solutions AvailableSolutions Available
High Speed Access for Data, Voice and Video, Always on, Simultaneous Up-link &Down-link Communication,
Support Simultaneous and Multi-User Access
Provides Access into the Home, Remote Management Access
Platform, Bridging between Different Networks, Firewall and Security, E-
Services Capabilities
Low Cost, Speed, Mobility, Quality of Service, Security, Reliability,
Ubiquity, Ease of Use
Digital electronics with advanced computational capabilities that add more value and convenience when
networked
xDSL, Cable, Powerline, Satellite, Mobile/Wireless
Open System Gateway initiative (OSGI), Jini, UPnP, HAVi, DVI
No new wires (Phonelines, Powerlines), New wires (Ethernet, 1394, USB2.0,
Optic Fiber), Wireless (HomeRF, Bluetooth, Wireless LAN)
Digital TV, HDTV, set-top box, internet screen phones, digital VCR, gaming
consoles, MP3 players, cordless phones, security systems, utility
meters, PCs, web pads & terminals, PDAs, digital cameras, auto PCs etc.
RGs - An Integral Part of Broadband Access & Home Networking
Source: Cahners In-Stat
Wide Area Network
ATM
SONET
WDM
IP Switching
BroadbandAccess Network
ADSLCable
Satellite
Fixed Wireless
Powerline Television
Home Networking Technology(HPNA, RF, Powerline,
Firewire, Ethernet)
ResidentialGateway
Broadband Based or Digital Modems RGs
• Broadband termination device that has incorporated the necessary routing functions within one device
• ADSL or cable termination device with routing capabilities
• Digital modem that has evolved to incorporate the necessary functionality to be a RG
• Gateway is sold in conjunction with DSL services– Can be partially or completely subsidized– Consumer installs the gateway
• The service provider saves the cost of a truck roll
• Not dependent upon a PC
Broadband Centric orDigital Modems RGs
• Built to support one specific home networking technology – HomePNA, Ethernet, USB or wireless– Future technology advancements require buying another
gateway & reconfiguration of the home network• Examples
– 2Wire Inc. - Product: HomePortal• Provides support for both HomePNA & HomeRF solutions• Platform for PC networking, communications convergence & distributed
entertainment content• Remotely manageable
– Cayman ADSL 3220H router/RG– Cisco uBR924 Cable router/RG
RG - An Incremental Deployment
From Digital Modems to Residential Gateway
Home Networking is Here!
First Generation RGs
• Not IP based devices & have low bandwidth• Types
– Digital set-top box RGs• Broadcast TV into the home
– Utility-centric RGs• Enable automated meter reading (AMR), energy
optimization, home automation, management & monitoring– PCs– Gaming consoles
Second Generation RGs• Devices that bridge one WAN pipe to one LAN
connection• Configurations include
– Digital modems connected to a PC – Or, stand alone devices with the intelligence to handle all of
these functions without the aid of a PC• Conduct majority of routing functions & IP address mgmt• Broadband access termination devices with integrated
LAN hubbing routing functionality– Example: Cayman’s ADSL 3220H router/RG– Example: General Instruments-Motorola’s DCT 5000+
Advanced Interactive Digital Consumer Terminal
Second Generation RGs
• PC-based architecture RG– Example: Ericsson’s E-Box
• Set-top box RG– Has the necessary home routing functionality– Example: Next level Communications N3 RG
• Smart phones– Example: Global Converging Technologies or Home Wireless
Networks, Cisco, Alcatel, Nokia, Nortel, Ericsson• Targeted by service providers & equipment OEMs for
wide scale deployment as RGs in the next 2-3 years
Third Generation• Multi-service home gateways• Have capabilities to terminate
– Multiple types of WAN connections (wireless, DSL, cable)– Multiple LAN connections (Ethernet, RF, HPNA, powerline)
• More expensive given the high degree of modularity• Will be owned by the consumer
– Service providers do not inherently share CPE equipment– Unless channel & pricing model changes this is not realistic
• Example– Sharegate’s RG
Third Generation
• These devices do not exist today but will evolve based on products available today
• Features– Modular in design– Multiple WAN termination of media types such as wireless,
xDSL or cable supported– Multiple LAN/home networking technologies supported
• Less apt to becoming obsolete with future technology changes– Deliver telephony/voice services– Easier to set up– Remote management is possible
Possibilities Within The Gateway
• Different combinations are available to suit different particular home networking needs– Depends on broadband access technologies
• xDSL, cable, ISDN, satellite, mobile/cellular phones, analog phonelines
– Depends on in-home network technologies• Phoneline, powerline, Ethernet, IEEE-1394/Firewire,
HomeRF, Bluetooth, wireless LANs (IEEE-802.11 & HiperLAN2)
Xilinx Envisioned Gateway Model• Single “small” box• Enable high-speed, two-way
Internet, voice & video communication– Distribution of broadband
services within the house/small office
– Seamless connection & simultaneous operational capabilities
• Multiple digital phone (VoDSL) lines– Separate telephone & data
lines
• Allow secure access – From any Internet-accessible
remote location via any standard Web browser
• Firewall security protection• Affordable price points• Minimize truck rolls
– Management software for remote provisioning, service management, diagnostics, software upgrades
Viterbi Decoder
TunerInterface
Flash
SystemInterconnectivity
CPU
ADC
RAM
Data
Quadrature Data from Tuner
Clock Generator
Q - Channel Input
I - Channel Input
QPSK/BPSK Demodulator
ADC
Synch & De-Interleaver
Reed-Solomon Decoder Descrambler
Clock
De-Interleaver RAM
MPEGTransport & A/V
RF In
I/O
Decryption MPEG A/VVideo Encoder
RAMVIDEO AUDIO
Satellite Modems
DRAM
PCMCIA Interface
FLASH Adapter/ SDRAM Interface
FLASH Memory
UART
RS-XXXInterface
ISDN “U” or “S”Interface
I/O Control
CPU
HomePNA MAC
HomePNA PHY
ISDN Modems
DecryptionConditional
Access
Flash
CableMAC/SAR
8-/16-/32- bitMicrocontroller
FECMemory
4 voice channels or 1 video & 1 voice channel
Tuner
SAW
Analog IF/AGC
ADC
QAMDemodulator
FECDecoder
DAC QPSK/16QAMModulator
FECEncoder
10/100 Base-TX Ethernet MAC
Power Supply
MII
SDRAMController
10/100 Base-TX Transceiver
HomePNA Analog Front End (AFE)
USBTransceiver UTP
RJ-45
IP Telephony
USB DeviceController
DMA Interrupt Controller &
Central Arbiter
Encryption
DMA
Clock Generator & DLLs
Inter
face
Flash Controller
SDRAM
SRAM
IP Security Module(DES & Triple-DES)UART
Direct TDM CODECInterface
SDRAMController
In
Cable Modem Residential Gateway
Smart Card
ADSL Central Office Home
POTS Splitter
Telephone
ADSL Modem
CPE
PC
Set-top box, hard disk &
TV
DSLAM
Internet Proxy
IP Router & ATM Sw itch
VoD Serv er & Softw are
Scrambler
Descrambler
Broadcast Translator
Satellite, cable or terrestrial
ADSL Broadcast Solution
UTOPIAor ISA
PCI
UTOPIA I/F or ATM
Expansion Bus
InterfaceDRAM
Controller
8 KB Internal SRAM
PCI Bus Interface
32-bit Processor
8 MHz Oscillator
Clock Generator & DLLs
Network Interface
Block
Hasher Lis t
Manager
DSL Driver/
Receiver Chipset
10/100 Base-TX Ethernet
MAC
MII
10/100 Base-TX
Transceiver
HomePNA
DRAM
DSL Modem Home Gateway
Digital Signal Processor
Memory
Line Driver, Receiv er & Amplifiers
HDLC Framer
To line & POTS splitter
A-to-D & D-to-A Converters,
Filters, Amplifiers
Analog Front End Equalizer, Reed-
Solomon FEC Encoder/Decoder,
Interleaver, Modulator, Demodulator, Packet
Format Logic
Line Driver/ Receiv er
DSLTransceiver
10/100 Base-TX Ethernet MAC MII
10/100 Base-TX Transceiver
HomePNA Analog Front End (AFE)
RJ-45
Sy stem Controller
USBTransceiver UTPUSB Device
Controller
Interface
PCI BackplaneInterface
Clock Generator & DLLs
DSL CPE (Customer Premise Equipment )
Summary• Spartan-II FPGAs are ideal solutions for digital modems• Digital modems will evolve into the next generation
residential gateways to network your home– The digital revolution and the Internet are forcing broadband
access to the home– Home networking will cause bridging the technology islands in
the home today– This gateway evolution could be part of a PC or set-top box
• In the chaotic home networking market Spartan-II FPGAswill become the heart of the system– Reprogrammability allows time-to-market
ExtraV.90/56K Modems - Analog PhonelinesBroadband Access in Hotel Rooms
V.90 Modem - Analog Phonelines
• Modem designed to operate with dial-up telephone lines worldwide– Supports high-speed analog data, high speed fax &
audio/voice operation• Integrated modem is host controlled
– Reduces chip count since there is no need for a separate microcontroller
V.90 Modem - Analog Phonelines• Data speeds up to 56Kbps from a digitally connected
central site modem - V.90 enabled– Taking advantage of the PSTN which is primarily digital except
for the client modem to CO local loop • Modem is ideal for remote access applications such as ISP, online
service, or corporate site
• Data can be sent upstream at speeds up to 33.6Kbps– As a V.34 data modem, the modem operates at line speeds up
to 33.6Kbps– Provides error correction – Provides data compression
• Maximizes data transfer integrity & boost average data throughput to 115.2Kbps
AnalogPhone
Modem AFE (Analog
Front End )DSP CPU
DAA (Data Access Arrangement)
RAM
RS-232,Ethernet, USB, PCI, PCMCIA, etc.
ROM
Bus Interface
Analog Modems
Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms• Business travelers are driving the demand for broadband
in hotels– They are frustrated by slow dial-up Internet connections while
on the road• A New class of service providers (SPs) are focusing on
rolling out broadband to hotels by establishing mini points of presence (Mini-POPs) in the buildings– Mini-POPs are smaller scale versions of the aggregation
devices that sit in the telecom provider's central office– SPs are targeting large chains first so that they can win the
rights to wire hundreds of buildings per contract
Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms
• Fees for hotel room broadband service will vary – Some chains will use a per night charge– Others will charge by the minute– Some will employ a flat rate per stay
• Many hotels are also planning to deploy broadband in conference rooms– This allows SPs to peddle value added services such
as virtual private networking (VPN) and e-commerce
Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms
• A recent study by Cahners In-Stat found that:– 48% of hotels plan to deploy broadband in the next 12
months • 73% of hotels are considering delivering high-speed
Internet access to their guestrooms• 82% of hotels with over 60% business clientele are
considering rolling out broadband to customers’ rooms
Residential GatewayThe Key Ingredient For Home Networking
• RGs provide integration of different broadband access types & different home networking solutions– Broadband access: xDSL & cable modems
• Each modem offers an Ethernet port for connecting one PC• Increasing number of households have multiple computers
– Tech-savvy users may install Ethernet hub and pull Cat5 cabling to each computer
– Most users will not find this a viable option due to installation obstacles or cost
– Home networking solutions: HomePNA, HomePlug, HomeRF, Wireless LANs, IEEE 1394
Satellite Modem Block Diagram
Satell i te Interface
Flash
CPURAM
Quadrature Data from Tuner
RF In
MPEG A/V
Video Encoder
VIDEO
Ethernet / USB
System Interconnectiv ity , Memory Controller,
Decryption
PCIAUDIO
Components: Tuner, A/D converters, QPSK demodulator, Viterbi decoder, Reed-Solomon FEC, processor interface. Single chip ASSPs prov ided by Broadcom & Conex ant
32-bit RISC processor, provided by IDT, MIPS, ARM
FLASH/SDRAMController
FLASH
RS-232
CPU
RAM
Ethernet
U Interface Transceiver
Analog Phone
ISDN Line
Serial TDM Bus
ASSPs provided by Motorola, Infineon, National, Lucent
ASSPs provided by Analog Devices, Texas Instruments
Processors for protocol processing are provided by Philips, Dallas Semiconductor
ISDN CPE - Block Diagram
VoiceCODEC
VoiceCODEC
System Glue / Local Interface (PCMCIA, RS232, Ethernet, USB,
HomePNA)
U InterfaceTransceiver
Cable Modem - Block Diagram
Interface & Memory Controller
CPU & LAN Controller
Tuner DOCSISTransceiver
RAM Flash
DOCSISMAC
USB
HPNA 2.0
Connects directly to the CATV outlet & converts TV channel to a fix ed lower frequency (6-40 MHz) ASSPs provided by: Sharp,Temic, Panasonic
CPU is prov ided by ARM, MIPS, PowerPC
Cable MAC ex tracts data from MPEG frames, filters data, protocol ex ecution,
times transmission of upstream bursts. ASSPs are provided by Texas
Instruments, Broadcom, Conexant
Performs A/D, D/A, modulation, demodulation (QAM-64/256),
Reed Solomon FEC and MPEG frame synchronization. ASSPs
are provided by Broadcom, Conexant, SGS Thomson, LSI
Logic, VLSI Technologies /Philips, Fujitsu, Analog Dev ices
HDLCControllers
$16 $16 -- $50$50
SystemController
$8 $8 -- $15$15
PCI BackplaneInterface
DSLChannels
SSTL-2/3 Translators
GTL/GTL+ Transceivers
PLLs/ Clock Management
Memory
High Performance Backplane
DS3134CN8478Bt8471/2
PSB2110PM7380
$6$6
$4$4
$3$3
$3$3
MPC107GT64130
PCI9610PCI9054S5933S5920GT64115
Hot Swap Controllers
DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s)
Processor
xDSL Line Card - Block Diagram$10 $10 -- $80$80
HDLCControllers
DSLChannels
SSTL-2/3 Translators
GTL/GTL+ Transceivers
PLLs/ Clock Management
Memory
SystemController
High Performance Backplane
Hot Swap Controllers
DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s)
HDLCController
PCI BackplaneInterface
Processor
xDSL Line Card - Block Diagram
$6$6
$9.95$9.95
DecryptionConditional
Access
Flash
CableMAC/SAR
FECMemory
4 voice channels or 1 video & 1 voice channel
Tuner
SAW
Analog IF/AGC
ADC
QAMDemodulator
FECDecoder
DAC QPSK/16QAMModulator
FECEncoder
10/100 Base-TX Ethernet MAC
Power Supply
MII
SDRAMController
10/100 Base-TX Transceiver
HomePNA Analog Front End (AFE)
USBTransceiver
IP Telephony
USB DeviceController
DMA Interrupt Controller &
Central Arbiter
Encryption
DMA
Clock Generator & DLLs
Inter
face
Flash Controller
SDRAM
SRAM
IP Security Module(DES & Triple-DES)UART
Direct TDM CODECInterface
SDRAMController
In
Cable Modem Residential Gateway
8-/16-/32- bitMicrocontroller
UTOPIAor ISA
PCI
UTOPIA I/F or ATM
Expansion Bus
InterfaceDRAM
Controller
8 KB Internal SRAM
PCI Bus Interface
32-bit Processor 8 MHz
Oscillator
Clock Generator & DLLs
Network Interface
Block
Hasher Lis t
Manager
DSL Driver/
Receiver Chipset
10/100 Base-TX Ethernet
MAC
MII
10/100 Base-TX
Transceiver
HomePNA
DRAM
DSL Modem Home Gateway