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RESPONDING TO THE INCREASING GLOBAL DEMAND

FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTS

Theatre Sessions

Tuesday 12 November

09:00 Formal Opening and Introduction

Rector UADY, Representatives of MSAP, BSAS, ASAS

10:30 Coffee

PRESENTATIONCASESTUDIESChair - Dr Wyn Richards

11:00 Dr Simon Anderson,

Dr Steve Staal,Dr Jonathan Rushton,Mr Pradeep Man Tuluchan

12:30 Lunch

INTRODUCTORYSESSIONChair - Dr Raul Godoy-Montanez

14:00 1 Increasing global demand for animal products

H. SteinfeldFood and Agriculture Organisation, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy

15:00 2 Responding to the increasing global demand for animal products: Implications

for livelihood of livestock producers in developing countries.1D. Rangnekar and 2D. Thomas1Consultant, National Dairy Development Board, Anand 388 001, Gujerat, India2Sustainable Agriculture Group, NRI, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK

15:40 3 Mapping livestock and poverty: a tool for targeting research and development

P.K. Thornton, P.M. Kristjanson, R.L. Kruska and R.S. ReidInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya

16:00 Coffee and Poster viewing - all posters

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Theatre Sessions

Wednesday 13 November

THEME 1 HOWDOTRADEAGREEMENTSMAKE LIVESTOCKPRODUCERS VULNERABLE?Chair - Dr Assefaw Tewolde-Medhin

09:00 4 How do trade regimes make livestock producers vulnerable?

S. Holden,The Livestock and Wildlife Group, Department for International Development, 1 Palace Street, London,SWIE 5HE, UK

09:50 Coffee

10:20 5 The impact of trade agreements on livestock producers1M. Upton and 2J. Otte1Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, The University of Reading,

Reading, U.K. RG6 6AR, 2FAO, AGAL, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy

10:40 6 Meeting the increased demand for animal products in Asia: opportunities and challenges for

research

C. Devendra(International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709 Nairobi, Kenya) Contact address:

Dr. C. Devendra, 130A Jalan Awan Jawa, 58200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

11:00 7 A note on livestock production and consumption in Europe

A. L. Aumaitre and J. G. BoyazogluEuropean Association for Animal Production, Via Nomentana 134, Rome 00162 Italy

11:20 8 The potential impact of Vietnams entry to the WTO on the livelihoods of smallholder pig producers and

small pig traders

A. McLeod 1, N. Taylor1, L.T.K. Lan2, N. T. Thuy2, D. H. Dung2, P. Q. Minh21VEERU, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, The University of Reading , Earley Gate, P.O.

Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK 2Veterinary Project Management Unit, Strengthening of VeterinaryServices Vietnam Project, Department of Animal Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.

11:40 9 Funding of developing countries for increased supplies of animal products and improved livestock

performance

R. T. WilsonBartridge House, Umberleigh, Devon EX37 9AS, UK

12:00 Discussion12:30 Lunch

13:30 Poster viewing Themes 1 and 2

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THEME 2 WHATISTHEECOLOGICALIMPACTOFPRODUCTIONSYSTEMS (SMALLHOLDER,

INTENSIVEANDEXTENSIVE)?Chair - Dr Steve Staal

14:30 10 The contribution of livestock to smallholder livelihoods

C. M. Arriaga-Jordn1

and R.A. Pearson2

1 Coordinacin General de Investigacin y Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autnoma delEstado de Mxico, Instituto Literario No. 100, Col. Centro, 50000 Toluca, Estado de Mxico,Mexico.2 Brooke Hospital for Animals, Broadmead House, 21 Panton Street, London SW1Y 4DR, UK

15:00 11 Livestock, land use change, and environmental outcomes

R. W. Blake1 and C. F. Nicholson2

Department of Animal Science1and Department of Applied Economics and Management2, CornellUniversity, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

15:30 12 Effect of intensification on feed management of dairy cows in the Central Highlands of Kenya

C. Utiger1,4, R. Kaitho1, P. Thorne3, S. Staal1, A. Wokabi2, L. Njoroge1, L. Chege2, J. Kirui2, D. Kamotho2

and D. Romney11 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.2 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, PO Box 30082, Nairobi, Kenya3 Stirling Thorne Associates, PO Box 23, Llangefri, Ynys Mon LL74 8ZE, UK4Institute of Animal Sciences, ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

15:50 13 Ecological Impacts of Sustainable Systems for Smallholders in Vietnam

B. Ogle1 and T. R. Preston21Departmentof Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,

Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden2University of Tropical Agriculture Foundation, Chamkar Daung, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

16:10 14 An impact assessment of methane, nitrogen and phosphorus excretion on the environmentE. Kebreab, J. A. N. Mills, L.A. Crompton and J. FranceSchool of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading

RG6 6AR,UK

16:30 15 Demand-driven crop-ruminant intensification: transregional analysis to understand patterns of

change using village level data from three continents

I. Baltenweck, S. Staal and M.N.M. IbrahimInternational Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya

16:50 Discussion17:30 End of session

Theatre Sessions

Thursday 14 November

SPECIAL SESSION - NUTRITION PART 1Chair - Professor Bob Orskov

09:00 16 21st Century feeds 19th Century techniques

F.L. MouldSchool of Agriculture, Policy & Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 237, Reading

RG6 6AR, UK

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09:20 17 Nitrogen retention in Creole pigs and improved breed of pigs fed with maize and forage.

W. Trejo Lizama1, R. H. Santos Ricalde1, R. B. Casso1and S. Anderson21Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UADY, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimna, C.P. 97000,Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.2Imperial College, University of London, Ashford, Kent, TN25 5AH, UK

09:40 18 Lablab forage for supplementation of crop residue based diets in smallholder dairy productionsystems

A. J. Kitalyi1, L. A. Mtenga2 and E. Owen31Regional Land Management Unit/Sida, PO Box 63403, Nairobi, Kenya2Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3004,Morogoro, Tanzania3School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 237,

Reading RG6 6AR, UK

10:00 19 Ruminal acidosis affects performance of tropical hair sheep

J. Pacheco-Aguirre1, M.L. Murgua-Olmedo2 and A.F. Castellanos-Ruelas11Facultad de Ingeniera Qumica, Universidad Autnoma. de Yucatn2

Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrcolas y Pecuarias-SAGARPA. Apdo.postal 1226-A. Mrida, Yucatn. Mxico

10:20 20 Relationship between short- and long-term intake level in broilers

R. Nava-Montero1 and R. Belmar21CRUPY, Universidad Autnoma Chapingo, Apartado Postal 50, Cordemex, Mrida, Yucatn,Mxico C.P. 97310,2Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimn, Mrida, Yucatn,Mxico C.P. 97100

10:40 Coffee

SPECIAL

SESSION

- NUTRITION

PART

2Chair - Professor Bob Orskov

11:00 21 Effects of pattern of feeding of forage and concentrate on productivity of dairy cattle fed diets basedon barley straw and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

J. N. Methu1, J. N. Kariuki2,3 and D. L. Romney2,1Land O Lakes, P. O. Box 45006, Nairobi, Kenya2International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya3Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, P. O. Box25 Naivasha, Kenya

11:20 22 The effect of feed supplementation on reproductive performance and milk yield of cows in a

smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe

H. Hamudikuwanda1, E. Garwe1,P. Ball2 and C.Mutisi11Department ofAnimal Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167 Mount Pleasant, Zimbabwe2Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK

11:40 23 Estimation of apparent energetic and economic efficiency of cows with different levels ofBos Taurus/

B. indicus blood, using a simulation model, on dual purpose herds in the tropics of Mexico

R. J. Estrada, M. Parra-Bracamonte, J. G. Magaa, J. Santos and C. AguilarDepartamento de Reproduccin y Mejoramiento Gentico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria yZootecnia, UADY. Km. 15.5 Carretera Mrida-Xmatkuil CP 4-116, Mrida, Yucatn, Mxico

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12:00 24 Combining tree diversity and cattle productivity on seasonally dry pastures in Colombia1Y. S. Cajas-Girn, 2M. Jones and 2F.L.Sinclair1Corporacin Colombiana de investigacin agropecuaria (CORPOICA), A.A. 602 Montera,Crdoba, Colombia, S.A.2School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK

12:30 Lunch

SPECIAL SESSION - BIOTECHNOLOGYChair - Dr Octavio Parades-Lopez

09:00 25 GM technology: its contribution to meeting the increased demand for livestock products

R.H. PhippsCentre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of

Reading, Reading RG6 6AR,UK

09:20 26 The use of wood ash to overcome detrimental effects of tannins on in vitro fermentation of tree fruits

V. Mlambo, F. L. Mould, T. Smith, E. Owen and I. Mueller-Harvey

School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, P O Box237, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK

09:40 27 Effects of infection with maize streak virus, and cultivar, on yield and quality of maize forage, and

on yield of grain

B. A. Lukuyu1, J. Njuguna1, D. M. Mwangi1, A. J. Murdoch 2, F. L. Mould2, E. Owen2 andD. L. Romney31Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Muguga,

PO Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya2School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Earley Gate, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, U.K.3International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

10:00 28 Degradation characteristics and metabolisable energy supply of maize weeds, used as forage in

smallholder maize-livestock production systems of Central Mexico, in different growing period

O. Casteln-Ortega, J. Estrada-Flores, L. Carretero-Roque, A. Viera-Santiago, N. Martnez-Silva &C. Arriaga-JordnCICA-UAEM. Instituto Literario No.100, colonia Centro. CP.50000, Toluca Estado de Mxico,Mxico

10:20 29 Supplementation of lactating goats grazing a star grass pasture(Cynodon nlemfuensis) with Ramon(Brosimun alicastrum ): effect on kid growthS.T. Ryan2., A.J. Ayala-Burgos1, F.J. Torres-Acosta1, C. Aguilar-Perez1 and , F.D.DeB. Hovell1,2.1

Facultad de Medicana Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Xmatkuil,Mrida, Yucatan. Mexico.2Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 5UA, Scotland,UK

10:40 Coffee

SPECIAL SESSION - LIVESTOCKANDLIVELIHOODSChair - Dr Erasmo Gutierrez-Ornelas

11:00 30 Increasing the productivity of indigenous goat production systems through participatory research in

ethno-veterinary medicine: a case study from India

C. Conroy1 and Y. A. Thakur21Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent,ME4 4TB, UK2BAIF Institute for Rural Development (Karnataka), Maitri S.B.I Colony, Kelgery Road,

Kusumnagar, Dharwad, Karnataka. 580 008, India

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11:20 31 Using livestock to improve the livelihoods of landless and refugee-affected livestock keepers in

Bangladesh and Nepal

A. McLeod 1, M. Saadullah2, M.L. Jayaswal3, J.Best1, D.Barton1 C. Rymer1 B.N.Regmi4 T.R. Noor5,1VEERU, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, The University of Reading , Earley Gate,

P.P. Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.2Dept. of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensigh 2202, Bangladesh,3New ERA, P.O. Box 722, Kalapol, Kathmandu.4Nepal Agroforestry Foundation, P.O. Box 9594, Kathmandu, Nepal.5PRA Promoters Forum, Dhaka, Bangladesh

11:40 32 Small animal species in the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in tropical Bolivia

R. T. Paterson1 and F. Rojas21Natural Resources Institute (NRI), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K.Current address, 13 Damer Gardens, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire RG9 1HX, U.K2Centro de Investigacin Agrcola Tropical (CIAT), Casilla 247, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

12:00 33 The crop-livestock subsystem and livelihood dynamics in the Harar Highlands of Ethiopia

H. Kassa1, R. W. Blake2, and C. F. Nicholson 2

1 Alemaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia2 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

12:30 Lunch

SPECIAL SESSION - ANIMAL SCIENCEChair - Dr Reg Preston

09:00 34 Meat quality of chevon from unimproved indigenous goats and its acceptability to South African

consumers

L. Simela1, E. C. Webb1, M.J.C. Bosman2 andE. Pienaar21Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University

of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa2Department of Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher

Education, P. Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa

09:20 35 Improving resiliance and resistance against nematode infections through maize supplementation in

Criollo kids

I. Gutirrez-Segura, J.F. Torres-Acosta, A. Aguilar-Caballero, L. Canul-Ku, I. Lozano-Argaez, L.Cob-Galera

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, km 15.5 carr.Mrida-Xmatkuil, Mrida, Yucatn, Mxico

09:40 36 Reproductive and productive evaluation of dual purpose herds in South Eastern Mexico.

M. Parra-Bracamonte, R. J. Estrada, J. G. Magaa, R. Delgado and J. C. Segura-Correa.Departamento de Reproduccin y Mejoramiento Gentico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria yZootecnia, UADY. Km 15.5 Carretera MridaXmatkuil, AP 4-116, Mrida, Yucatn, Mxico.

10:00 37 Milk secretion rate and udder volume of tropical dual purpose cattle (Bostaurus xB. indicus).H. Magaa-Sevilla and C.A. Sandoval-Castro

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Mxico,Apdo 4-16 itzimn, Mrida, Yucatn, 97100, Mxico.

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10:20 38 Body weight and preweaning growth rate of pure indigenous, Toggenburg goat breeds and their

crosses under smallholder production systems in Kenya

C. O. Ahuya1, A. M. Okeyo2, R. O. Mosi2, F. M. Murithi3and F. M. Matiri4

1Farm Africa-Dairy Goat and Animal Healthcare Project, P.O. Box 2980, Meru , Kenya2University of Nairobi, Dept. of Animal Production, P.O. Box 29053, City Square 00200 Nairobi, Kenya3Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Headquarters, Kaptagat Rd., P.O Box 57811 City Square 00200,

Nairobi, Kenya4 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Research Centre, P.O Box 29 Embu , Kenya

10:40 Coffee

11:00 39 Sustainable dairy calf management: allowing the calves to suckle

L. Lidfors, J. Loberg, J. Jung, K. Svennersten-Sjaunja and C. BergDepartment of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,

P.O.Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, SwedenDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Kungsngen Research Centre, SE-753 23 Uppsala, Sweden

11:20 40 Milk production in a low external inputs agro-pastoral systems of the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-

Himalayan region of Pakistan

R. Abdur1, A.J. Duncan1, I.J. Gordon1, I. A. Wright1, D.W.Miller2, P. Frutos3, R. Atiq41Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK2Department of Agriculture & Forestry, University of Aberdeen, King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5UA,U.K.3Estacion Agricola Experimental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) Apdo788,24080-Leon, Spain4Animal Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad,

Pakistan

11:40 41 Societal and professional implications of industrialized farming of livestock and poultry

P. R. CheekeDepartment of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

12:00 42 Improving the productivity of donkeys in Ethiopia

F. Ochieng1, M. Alemayahu2 and D. Smith31Kenya Network for Draught Animal Technology (KENDAT), P.O. Box 2859, 00200, Nairobi- Kenya2Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia3Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh (CTVM), Easter Bush, Edinburgh,UK

12:20 43 A systems study of livestock production in the Northern Areas of Pakistan

I.A. Wright1, A.J Duncan1, J. Clemens2, A. Rahman1, O.Raja1, I.J. Gordon1, A.J. Hester1,S.M. Raffique3, Atiq-ur-Rehman4, F. Ali5 and A. Baig.51Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK2

Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, BonnGermany(Present address: South Asia Institute, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld330, D-69120 Heidelberg,Germany)3Pakistan Forest Institute, University Town, Peshawar, 25120, NWFP, Pakistan4Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Plot No 20, G5/1, PO Box 1031, Islamabad, Pakistan5Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, PO Box 506, Gilgit, Pakistan

12:40 Lunch12:40 Half day optional visit to different production systems in Yucatan (pigs/poultry/village dual purpose)

13:30 Poster viewing special sessions

21:00 Conference Dinner - Hacienda Teya

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Theatre Sessions

Friday 15 November

THEME 3 - WHATISTHE ROLEOFANIMAL SCIENCE?Chair - Professor Emyr Owen and Dr Mario Herrero

09:00 44 Animal science research for poverty alleviation in the face of industrialisation of livestock production

A. Waters-Bayer1 and W. Bayer21ETC Ecoculture, POB 64, NL-3830 AB Leusden, Netherlands2Independent advisor, Rohnsweg 56, D-37085 Gttingen, Germany

09:50 Coffee

10:20 45 Livestock disease prioritisation: listening to the voices of the poor

C. HeffernanVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and

Development, University of Reading, RG6 6AR, UK

10:40 46 Adaptation of the Farmer Field School methodology to improve adoption of livestock health and production

interventions

B. Minjauw1, H.G. Muriuki2 and D. Romney1

International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, KenyaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development, PO Box 30028, Nairobi, Kenya

11:00 47 Research, extension and training for sustainable farming systems in the tropics

T. R. Preston and L. RodrguezUniversity of Tropical Agriculture Foundation, Phnom Penh 3, PO Box 2423, Cambodia

11:20 48 Use of a common spatial graphic representation model as a tool to discuss integrated crop livestock

alternatives in the uplands of Northern VietnamCedric Martin 1,2, Yann Eguienta 1,2,4, Jean-Christophe Castella 2, 3, Hoang Lan Anh2, Tran TrongHieu2 and Philippe Lecomte 11 Centre de Coopration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Dveloppement(CIRAD), Av. Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.2 Mountain Agrarian Systems Program, Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute (VASI), Thanh Tri,

Hanoi, Vietnam3 Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement (IRD), 213 rue Lafayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10,

France, and International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.4 Centre National dEtudes Agronomiques des Regions Chaudes (CNEARC), Av. Agropolis, 34398Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

11:40 49 Analysis of indigenous technical knowledge and inclusion of local peoples expertise into a workingselection index for Chiapas wool sheep

R. Perezgrovas1, H. Castro2, L. Zaragoza1 and G. Rodrguez11Instituto de Estudios Indgenas-UNACH, Centro Universitario Campus III, San Cristbal L.C.,29200 Chiapas, Mxico2Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mxico D.F.

12:00 Discussion12:30 Lunch13:30 Poster viewing - Theme 3

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14:30 Workshops on case studies Leadersi) Differential demand for milk across Dr Carlos Arriaga-Jordan & Dr Alfredo Abimer

different urban sectors

ii) Stakeholder negotiation between farmers Dr Reg Preston & Dr Juan Ku Veraand milk buyers

iii) Technologies/policies for tightening labour Prof Bob Blake & Dr Dickon Hovellmarkets through the expansion of the milk sector

iv) Pro-poor policies for milk development Dr Andres Aluja Schonemann & Dr Mario Herrero

15:45 Coffee

16:30 Feedback from workshops and conference review

Chair:Professor David Leaver and Dr Juan Ku

17:30 Final plenary and closing ceremony

Chair:Dr Raul Godoy-Montanez

Poster Sessions

on view throughout the meeting

THEME 1 HOWDOTRADEAGREEMENTSMAKELIVESTOCKPRODUCERSVULNERABLE?Authors in attendance 13:30-14:30, Wednesday 13 November

50 The effective method of pricing for animal products

V. G. NarushinPoultry Consultant Office, 35, Lenin Ave. 145-B, Zaporozhye 69035, Ukraine

51 The economics of cattle discourages pasture improvement on small-scale farms in the Brazilian Eastern

Amazon

B. Rischkowsky1, M. Siegmund-Schultze1, C. M. Braga Sarmento2, J. Bastos da Veiga2 and J. M. King11Georg-August-University, Kellnerweg 6, D-37077 Gttingen, Germany2Embrapa Amaznia Oriental, Caixa Postal 48, CEP 66095-100, Belm, PA, Brazil

52 Added value of inter-project dialogue: a Link Project on goat keeping in Africa and India.

P. J. Buttery1, T. Smith2, E.Owen2 and J. I. Richards31Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington

Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK2School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 237, Reading

RG6 6AR, UK3Natural Resources International Ltd., Park House, Aylesord, Kent ME20 6SN, UK

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THEME2 WHATISTHE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTOF PRODUCTION SYSTEMSAuthors in attendance 13:30-14:30, Wednesday 13 November

53 Integration of livestock production in the banana plantation :feasibility and researchable areas

H. Archimde1, M. Caspsa-bassien1, M. Boval1, G. Alexandre1 and M.F. Zbus 21INRA, Unit de Recherches Zootechniques, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe (F.W.I)

2INRA, Unit Agro pdo - climatique, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe (F.W.I)

54 Effects of draught animal power on crops, livestock, people and the environment

R. T. WilsonBartridge House, Umberleigh, Devon EX37 9AS, UK

55 Smallholder strategies and alternatives for sustainable integration of ruminants in upland crop livestock

systems in Northern Vietnam

Y. Eguienta 1, 2, 3, C. Martin 1, 2, J.C. Castella 1, 4,, Ph. Lecomte 2, O. Husson 1, 21 Mountain Agrarian Systems (SAM) Program, Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute (VASI), Thanh Tri,

Hanoi, Vietnam2 Centre de Coopration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Dveloppement (CIRAD),

Av.Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,3 Centre National dEtudes Agronomiques des Rgions Chaudes (CNEARC), Av. Agropolis, 34398Montpellier Cedex 5, France,4 Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement (IRD), 213 rue Lafayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France, and

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

56 Urea Molasses Blocks to improve milk production and reproductive performance of cross-bred dairy cattle

under smallholder farm condition in Bangladesh

M. A. S. Khan and M. A. R. ChowdhuryDepartment of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

57 How to solve some disadvantages of intensive grazing systems with suckling Creole goats via pasture

management ?

E Ortega-Jimenez, G. Alexandre, H. Archimde, M. Boval, M. MahieuUnit de Recherches Zootechniques, INRA Domaine Duclos 97170 Petit-Bourg Guadeloupe

58 Foraging strategies of cattle and goats during the late-wet and dry seasons in Southern Zimbabwe

Z. Magadzire1, I.J. Gordon2 and A.W. Illius31Matopos Research Station, P.Bag K5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe2Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK3ICAPB University of Edinburgh, Ashworth laboratories, Kings Buildings EH9 3JT, UK

59 Peoples technology for sustainable crop-livestock production in Bangladesh

M. SaadullahDepartment of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

60 The effects of lopping Colophospermum mopane and Combretum apiculatum trees in order for livestock

to access shoots and leaves on a semi-arid savanna site

E. MukungurutseMatopos Research Station, P. Bag K5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

61 Effect of pasture height and control of grazing time on grazing behaviour and defoliation dynamics of growing

beef cattle.

P. Soca, V. Beretta, M. Heinzen and O. BentancurEstacin Experimental M. A. Cassinoni, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysand 60 000, Uruguay

62 Optimising the resources used for feeding dairy cows on small-scale production systems in Central Mexico

D. Val-Arreola, E. Kebreab, S.L. Wiggins and J. FranceSchool of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, Early Gate, Reading, RG6 2AR, UK

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63 Evaluation of the productivity of yak in the southern Qinghai area

Xiaolin Luo, Jingtao Xu, Quan Li, Yaping WeiQinghai Academy of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810003, P.R.China

64 An open nucleus cross-breeding system for dual purpose cattle in the tropics. Milk production, resistance

and calf growth

M. M. OsorioCampus Tabasco, Colegio de Postgraduados, Apdo. Postal 24,Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico

65 Soil, plant and cattle nutrient dynamics on pastures of the western Amazon of Brazil

B. Rueda1, R. W. Blake2, E. Fernandes2, C. F. Nicholson2, and J. F. Valentim31INIFAP, Melchor Ocampo 234, Veracruz, VE 91700, Mxico2 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA3Embrapa-Acre, Caixa Postal 321, Rio Branco, AC 69908-970, Brazil

66 Increasing the contribution that goats can make to the livelihoods of resource poor livestock keepers in

Nepal

C. Rymer1, A. McLeod2, M. L. Jayaswal3, K. P. Neupane4, T. S. Dhaubhadel5, V. C. Jha6, N. M. Taylor21ADAS Nutritional Sciences Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of

Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AR,UK2PAN Livestock Services Ltd, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development,University of Reading, EarleyGate, PO Box 237, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK3New ERA,PO Box 722,Kalopool,Sifal,Kathmandu,Nepal4Nepal Agroforestry Foundation, Khoteshwor, Phoolbari, PO Box 9594,Kathmandu, Nepal5 Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumultar, Kathmandu, Nepal6Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Animal Health Research Division, PO Box 3733, Tripureswor,

Kathmandu, Nepal

67 Resources available for livestock production and the logic of their utilization: the small livestock farmer of

Tierra Caliente, Guerrero, Mexico

M. Cipriano-Salazar1, F. Manzo-Ramos2, H. Navarro-Garza2, A. Galvis-Spinola2 and H. Vaquera-Huerta2.1Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootcnia, Carretera Altamirano-Iguala, km 3, Cd. Altamirano, Gro.2Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de Mxico

68 The farmers perspective towards the ecological impact of livestock technological practices in extensive

production systems of the Tierra Caliente region, State of Guerrero, Mexico.

F. Manzo-Ramos2, M. Cipriano-Salazar1, H. Navarro-Garza2, A. Galvis-Spinola2 and H. Vaquera-Huerta2.1Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootcnia, Carretera Altamirano-Iguala, km 3, Cd. Altamirano, Gro.2Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de Mxico

69 Peri-urban and urban livestock keeping in East Africa a coping strategy for the poor?

S. GuendelNatural Resources Institute, Medway University Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK

SPECIAL SESSION - NUTRITION

Authors in attendance 13:30-14:30, Thursday 14 November (if on visit, then 13:40-14:30, Friday)

70 Nutritional economic aspects for producing edible protein of animal origin depending on the performance of

animals

G. FlachowskyInstitute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116Braunschweig, Germany

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71 The nutritive potential of some underexploited tropical plants

A. T. Adesogan 1 and J. A. Adeneye 21 Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA2 Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

72 Voluntary feed intake and digesta kinetics in steers fed with a basal diet of oat straw and supplemented with

alfalfa hayH. G. Gonzlez1, 2, H. C. Hernndez 3 and O. B. Ruiz 41Universidad Autnoma de Ciudad Jurez, Instituto de Ciencias Biomdicas, Anillo PRONAF y Estocolmo

s/n, Jurez, Chihuahua, Mxico2Universidad Autnoma de Baja California, Mxico3Universidad Autnoma de Baja California Sur, Mxico4Universidad Autnoma de Chihuahua, Mxico

73 Microbial nitrogen contamination of nylon bag residues after rumen incubation in Zebu steers measured with15N isotope technique

M. Q. Manella1 , C Boin1, G. F. Alleoni2, J. J. A. A. Demarchi2, R. A. Possenti2, P. O. Trivelin3, A. A. Souza1,V. F. Turino11The Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ-USP)-Laboratrio de Nutrio e Crescimento

Animal. Av. Padua Dias, 11, PO Box 9, Zip Code 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. manella@esalq.usp.br;2Instituto de Zootecnia - APTA/SAA. Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, PO Box60 - CEP 13460-000 - NOVA ODESSA -SP, Bazil;3 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (Cena-USP)-Laboratrio de Istopos Estveis. Av. Centenrio,303, Zip Code 13400-970, Piracicaba- SP, Brazil

74 Replacing commercial concentrate with potatoes and fish feed intake and growth in organic Splsau

sheep in Norway

J. Jung1 and R. Bjru21 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden2Planteforsk Tjtta, N-8860 Tjtta, Norway

75 Nitrogen supplementation of maize silage-based diets offered to dairy cows: effects on odd-chain fatty acidprofiles in milk

A.R.J. Cabrita1,2, A.J.M. Fonseca2, R.J. Dewhurst3 and E. Gomes21CECA-ICETA/Faculdade de Cincias,2CECA-ICETA/ICBAS, University of Porto, Campus Agrrio de Vairo, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairo, Portugal3Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB,UK

76 Supplementation of crossbred Zubu cattle grazing stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) with urea, poultry

litter or poultry-meal: effect on milk production and pasture intake

E.K.S.Green2. A.J. Ayala-Burgos1, C. Aguilar-Perez1, R.W. Mayes3 and F.D. DeB.Hovell1,2.1

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Mrida, Yucatan,Mexico2 Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 5UA, Scotland, UK3Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK

77 Utilisation of palm oil as source of energy in pig diets

M. G. Tern and R. H.. Santos RicaldeFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UADY, Apartado Postal 4-116 Itzimna, C.P. 97000, Mrida,Yucatn, Mxico

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78 Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as a human food and ruminant forage crop for small holders in Ethiopia

K. D. N. Koralagama1, 2, J. Hanson1, D. I. Givens3, P. Q. Crauford2, E. Owen2, F. L. Mould2 and S. Fernandez-Rivera11International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia2 School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, P.O. Box 237, Reading,

RG6 6AR, UK3ADAS Nutritional Sciences Research Unit, Alcester Road, Stratford-on-Avon CV37 9RQ, UK

79 Combining grazing with maize silage in the development of low-cost production systems for lactating dairy

cows

O. Hernandez-Mendo1 and J.D. Leaver21Especialidad de Ganaderia, Colegio de Postgraduados Km 36.5 Carr. Mexico-Texcoco Montecillos, Texcoco,estado de Mexico 56230 MEXICO2Imperial College, Wye, Near Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK

SPECIAL SESSION -BIOTECHNOLOGY, LIVESTOCKAND LIVELIHOODS

Authors in attendance 13:30-14:30, Thursday 14 November (if on visit, then 13:40-14:30, Friday)

80 Assessment of genetically modified crops (GMO) in animal nutrition

G. Flachowsky and K. AulrichInstitute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116Braunschweig, Germany

81 Effect of rubber flooring on behaviour of tied dairy cows

J.A. Fregonesi, D. C. Silva, A. P. Vieira, A. B. Bignardi, B.S. Oliveira and N.A.N. Fonseca,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Parana, 86051-990, Brazil

82 In vitro digestibility and estimated energy value of foliage and fruits of forage trees when incubated with and

without polyethylene glycol (PEG)

R. Pinto Ruiz, C.A. Sandoval Castro, L. Ramrez AvilsFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Mxico. Apdo. 4-116Itzimn, Mrida, Yucatn, 97100, Mxico

83 Comparison of charcoal and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for neutralizing tannin activity with an in vitro gas

production technique.

C.A. Sandoval Castro, H. Magaa Sevilla, C. Capetillo Leal, F.D. DeB HovellFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Mxico. Apdo. 4-116Itzimn, Mrida, Yucatn, 97100, Mxico

84 Possibilities and limitations of cereal straws in animal nutrition

G. Flachowsky1) and F. Zadrazil2)

Institutes of Animal Nutrition

1)

and Plant Nutrition and Soil Sciences

2)

of Federal Agricultural ResearchCentre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany

SPECIAL SESSION -ANIMAL SCIENCE

Authors in attendance 13:30-14:30, Thursday 14 November (if on visit, then 13:40-14:30, Friday)

85 Performance of Nellore cattle on renovated pastures of the Brazilian Cerrado (tropical savannah)

R. D. Sainz1, C. U. Magnabosco2, 4, V. Barbosa2, A . O. Barcellos2, L. Vilela2, C. U. de Faria2, 3 and L. C. Balbino41Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, USA 956162Embrapa Cerrados/CNPq, Caixa Postal 08223, Planaltina, DF, Brazil 73301-9703Escola de Veterinria, Universidade Federal de Gois, Caixa Postal 131, Goinia GO, Brazil 74001-9704Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antnio de Gois, GO, Brazil 75375-000

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86 Genetic component of post-weaning weights of Nellore cattle on renovated pastures of the Brazilian Cerrado

(tropical savannah)

C. U. Magnabosco1,4, V. Barbosa1, A. de los Reyes Borjas2, C. U. de Faria1,2, R. D. Sainz3 and L. C. Balbino41Embrapa Cerrados/CNPq, Caixa Postal 08223, Planaltina, DF, Brazil 73301-9702Escola de Veterinria, Universidade Federal de Gois, Caixa Postal 131, Goinia GO, Brazil 74001-9703Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, USA 956164

Embrapa Rice and Beans Research Center, Santo Antnio de Gois, GO, Brazil 75375-000

87 Gibbs Sampling for estimation of genetic parameters for weaning weight in Nellore cattle: thinning interval,

burn-in period and chain length

C. U. Magnabosco1,2, C. U. Faria1,3, A. Reyes3, R. B. Lbo4, V. Barbosa1, R. D. Sainz51Embrapa Cerrados/CNPq, Caixa Postal 08223, Planaltina, DF, Brazil 73301-9702Embrapa Rice and Beans Research Center, Santo Antnio de Gois, GO, Brazil 75375-0003Escola de Veterinria, Universidade Federal de Gois, Caixa Postal 131, Goinia GO, Brazil 74001-9704Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de So Paulo, Ribeiro Preto SP,Brazil CEP 14026-1405Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, USA 95616

88 Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydosporescreening in Criollo goat faeces after passing through the gastro-

intestinal tract

N. Ojeda-Robertos1, P. Mendoza de Gives2, J.F. Torres-Acosta1, R. Rodrguez-Vivas11 Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootcnia, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Km 15.5 carr. Mrida-

Xmatkuil, Mrida, 97000, Yucatn, Mxico2 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Parasitologa Veterinaria, Cuernavaca, Morelos

89 Potential of controlling intestinal parasitic infections in small ruminants (sheep and goats) with extracts of

plants high in tannins.

R. A. Max1, D. Wakelin2, P. J. Buttery1, A. E. Kimambo3, A. A. Kassuku3 and L. A. Mtenga31University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough,

Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK2University of Nottingham, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK3Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania

90 Use of local browse tree pods as dry season supplement for goats in the south-western region of Zimbabwe

J.L.N. Sikosana1. V.Maphosa1 . T. Smith2. V. Mlambo2. E. Owen2. and I. Mueller-Harvey21Matopos Research Station, Private Bag K 5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

2School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Early Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, UK

91 Suckling and improved nutrition of Holstein and Guzerat cross Holstein cattle

J. K Margerison 1, C. J. C. Phillips 2 and T. R Preston 3.1University of Plymouth at Seale Hayne, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 6NQ, UK2Dept of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK3 Centro International for el desarrollo de Agropecuaria en del Valle de Cauca, Cali, Colombia

92 Condition of the cow at calving as a determinant of milk yield in crossbred dairy cows on smallholder farmsin North East Coastal Tanzania

B.S.J. Msangi1, M.J. Bryant2, P.J. Thorne3 and J. Dijkman31Livestock Research Centre, P.O Box 5016, Tanga, Tanzania2,School of Agricultre, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate,Reading RG6 6AR, UK3Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4NN, UK

93 Innovative dairy farmers in the central Punjab of Pakistan

A. UllahBrooke Hospital for animals Pakistan, 94-jinnah block awan town Lahore, Pakistan

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94 Resumption of ovarian activity postpartum, serum concentration of lipid metabolites and progesterone in

cows supplemented with corn oil in the diet under tropical conditions

I. Aranda-vila, J.R. Ak-Lpez, R. Delgado de Len and J. Herrera-CamachoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Km15.5 Carretera

Merida-Xmatkuil, Mrida, Yucatn Mexico

95 Effect of addition of electrolytes in preslaughter drinking water of pigs on weight losses andphysicochemical characteristics of meat

S. R. Mendoza Moreno, A. D. Alarcn Rojo, A. Grado Ahuir and F. A. Rodrguez AlmeidaUniversidad Autnoma de Chihuahua. Facultad de Zootecnia. Perif. Fco. R. Almada km 1. Chihuahua,Chih., Mxico 31031.

96 Strategies to increase the production of extensive cattle in Michoacn state, Mexico

V. E. Gutirrez, R. J. L. Solorio, A. A. Villaseor, C. P. Martnez, M. R. Chvez, G. C. E. Estrada andL. M. A. Navarro.Universidad Michoacana de San Nicols de Hidalgo. Santiago Tapia 403. Morelia Michoacn, Mxico.CP 58000.

97 Conversion of digestible organic matter into weight gain by Boran and Boran x Holstein heifers in differentphysiological states

A. Jenet1,2, S. Fernandez-Rivera1, G. J. McCrabb1, A. Tegegne1, M. Kreuzer2, A. Yimegnuhal1 and P. O. Osuji11 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.2Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Animal Sciences, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

98 Udder volume and milk production in dual purpose cattle (Bostaurus xB. indicus)

H. Magaa-Sevilla, and C.A. Sandoval-CastroFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn, Mxico, Apdo 4-16Itzimn, Mrida, Yucatn, 97100, Mxico

99 Estimation of apparent energetic efficiency on dual purpose cows of differentBos indicus x Bos taurus

composition in Yucatan, Mexico.

M. Parra-Bracamonte, R. J. Estrada and J. G. MagaaDepartamento de Reproduccin y Mejoramiento Gentico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria yZootecnia, UADY. Km. 15.5 Carretera Mrida-Xmatkuil , AP 4-116, Mrida, Yucatn, Mxico

100 Long and short term supplementary feeding and the resilience of browsing Criollo goats to gastrointestinal

nematodes

A. J. Aguilar-Caballero, J. F. Torres-Acosta, C. E. Vera-Ayala, E. Espaa-EspaaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autnoma de Yucatn. Km. 15.5 Carretera Mrida-Xmatkuil, Mrida, Yucatn, Mxico

101 Deer farming as a sustainable way of increasing meat production in Mauritius for local and export markets

R. Ramchurn

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Rduit, Mauritius

102 The reproductive performance and milk yield of Zimbabwean indigenous and crossbred cows offered a

commercial concentrate as a supplement

C. Mutisi1, E. Garwe1, P. Ball2 and H. Hamudikuwanda11Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167 Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe2Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK

103 The use of cassava root for lactating dairy cows

M. Wanapat1, P. Rowlinson2 and K. Sommart11Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand2 Department of Agriculture, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

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104 The use of cassava hay for lactating dairy cows

M. Wanapat1, C. Wachirapakorn1 , P. Rowlinson2, A.Polthanee1 and S.Wanapat11Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand2Department of Agriculture, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

105 The role of indigenous and cross-bred cattle for smallholder dairy production in Zimbabwe

T. Smith1

, S. Moyo2

, J.I. Richards1

and J.F. Morton3

1Natural Resources International Ltd., Park House, Aylesford, Kent ME20 6SN, UK2Department of Livestock Production and Development, PO Box CY2505, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe3Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK

THEME 3 - WHATISTHE ROLEOFANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

Authors in attendance 13:30-14:30, Friday 15 November

106 Considering intensification of animal production as a research objective: PRISE, a new approach of international

scientific partnership in south-east Asia

B. Faye1

, V.L. Le, V. Porphyre, P. Salgado, Y. Villaggi, M. Bollard, J.F. Renard1

.1 CIRAD EMVT, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA30/A 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France PCP PRISE c/NIAH, Tu Lim, Thuy Phuong, Hanoi, Vietnam

107 Tropical grazing systems in the Carribean require an integrated research methodology

G. Alexandre, H. Archimde, M. Boval, M. Mahieu, N. Mandonnet, G. Aumont and A. XandeINRA Unit de Recherches Zootechniques Domaine Duclos 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe

108 Spatial decision support tools for prioritising areas for trypanosomiasis control: Examples from East Africa

T.P. Robinson1, M. Nyabenge2 and K. Sones2.1FAO (AGAL), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy2ILRI, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

109 An integrated approach to nutrition for grazing cattle in the tropics

M. Bovall1, P. Cruz2, H. Archimde11INRA, Unit de Zootechnie, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe (F.W.I)2INRA, Unit dAgronomie, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France

110 Contributions to study of intensive rational grazing with low inputs on commercial dairy farms

R. V. Guevara, G. E. Guevara, L. M. Curbelo, M. Glvez, R. M. Pedraza, J. A. Estevez and C. E. Parra.Animal Production Development Study Center (CEDEPA), Central West Highway, 7.8 km, University ofCamagey. CP.74650, Cuba.

111 Motivation and livestock-based livelihoods: An assessment of the determinants of motivation among restocked

households in Kenya

L. Nielsen and C. HeffernanVeterinary Economics and Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of

Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK

112 Using local knowledge as a basis for planning ruminant diets in the mid hills of Nepal1 D. Subba 2P. Thorne and 3F. L. Sinclair.1Agricultural Research Station Pakhribas, Dhankuta, Nepal2Stirling-Thorne Associates, P.O. Box 23, Llangefni, Yays Mon LL74 8ZE, UK3School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K.

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113 Why hasnt haymaking taken off in Africa?

F. SundstlCentre for International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Agricultural University of Norway,

N-1432 s, Norway

114 Silvopastoral research and development in Chiapas, Mxico

J.G. Jimnez-Ferrer, M. L. Soto-Pinto, G. Villanueva-LpezEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Per. Sur s/n, San Cristbal de las Casas,29200, Chiapas, Mxico

115 An analysis of advantages and limitations of PRA tools in livestock research

F. Misturelli and C. HeffernanVeterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development,University of Reading, Earley Gate, P.O. Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR,UK

ADDITIONAL SUMMARIES

116 The comparative regulation of intensive livestock operations in Canada, Mexico and the United States: a

report by the North American Commission on Environmental Cooperation

J. L. Speir,1 M.A. Bowden,2 D.E. Ervin,3 J.M. McElfish,4 R. Prez Espejo51Attorney at Law, 8318 Zimpel St., New Orleans, LA 70118 USA2Associate Dean, College of Law, University of Saskatchewan, 15 Campus Drive, Saskatoon,SK S7N 5A6, Canada3Professor, Environmental Sciences and Resources Program, Portland State University, 241 M Cramer,

Portland, OR 97207 USA4Senior Attorney, Environmental Law Institute, 1616 P Street, N.W., Suite 200, Washington, D.C. 20036

USA5Investigador, UNAM-Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas, Torre II de Humanides, 1er Piso, Cd.Universitaria, Mexico D.F. 4510

117 Improving Livelihoods by increasing the shelflife of wagashi, a West African

soft cheese usingXylopia aethipica, boiling and brine

E.L.K Osafo1, D. Barton2, P. Osei Mensah1, G. Aning3 and N.K.Gyiele41Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana2Natural Resources International, Chatham, Kent, UK3 Animal Research Institute, Katamanso, Accra, Ghana4Department of Agricultural Economics & Farm Management, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana

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Demand and supply side changes in the milk sector: impact on smallholdersS. Anderson*, J. Rushton, S. Staal, & P. Tulachan

Department of Agricultural Science, Imperial College, Wye, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK

Introduction Significant demand increases for livestock products associated with expanding urban populations have beendetected and are predicted to gather momentum in East Africa, Southern Asia and Latin America. Specialisation andintensification of production systems has occurred, and in some cases the displacement of many small-scale producers byfew large-scale, vertically integrated enterprises. So far only national level information has been analysed (e.g. IFPRIs Vision2020 The livestock revolution) and no appreciation of socially differentiated impact is available. Before pro-poor policy canbe developed for the livestock sector careful analysis of the impact of past changes on marginalised livestock keepers isrequired.

Material and methods A multiple case study approach was taken to examine demand-side and policy changes, and supply-side responses across a 10 to 15 year period (1985-2000) for milk and derivatives at each of the three research sites (SantaCruz, Bolivia; Nairobi, Kenya; and Katmandu, Nepal). The research framework provided various contrasts and comparisonswithin and between research sites. Time series data were accessed in order to track changes in the three main themes

(demand-side changes, policy changes and supply-side responses). Where only scarce records existed, available historicinformation was contrasted with current information derived from specially designed and implemented surveys and appraisalswith producers and consumers. Policy changes were tracked and key decision points identified. Emphasis was given to theimpact on small-scale producers in the examination of policy changes and supply-side responses. The policy analysis matrixor PAM (Monke and Pearson, 1989; Ellis, 1992; Upton and Dixon, 1994), provided the framework both for the policy data &information to be collected and the analysis performed.

Analysis and peer review The case studies and aggregated outputs will be presented for peer review at the BSAS meetingin Merida, November 2002. A final report will be prepared pulling together the opinions of different reviewers and revisionprocesses. The final report will be published in full and abbreviated forms for researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders.

The World Bank has identified a set of driving forces that are considered to have an important influence on the development

of the livestock sector world-wide over the next two decades. These are growing demand for meat & milk, shifting consumerperspectives, changing functions of livestock, structural changes, and evolving international and national socio-economicframeworks (de Haan et al., 2001). The evidence collected in the case studies will be analysed to assess the importance ofthese driving forces have had (and likely to have) within the milk sectors of Bolivia, Nepal and Kenya.

References

Ellis, F. 1992.Agricultural policies in developing countries. Cambridge University Press.de Haan, C., van Veen, T., Brandenburg, B., Gauthier, J., Le Gall, F., Mearns, R. and Simeon, M. 2001.Livestock develop-ment: implications for rural poverty, the environment, and global food security. World Bank, Washington, D.C.Monke, E.A. and Pearson, S.R. 1989. The policy analysis matrix for agricultural development. Cornell University Press,Ithaca and London.Upton, M. and Dixon, J.M. 1994. Methods of micro-level analysis for agricultural programmes and policies. FAO FarmSystems Management Series No.9. FAO, Rome.

CASESTUDIES