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2. 3. : : - /, , , : .COMPUTER PROGRAMMINGby Tamim Shahriar (Subeen)First Published : February 2011, by A K M Tariqul IslamDirector: Tasnova Adiba Shanjute, Tamralipi, 38/2ka, Banglabazar,Dhaka1100Price : 180.00ISBN : 984-70096-0150-7 4. , , , , ! , , - , , ; , ! - , , , , , , 5. - ? , , , (Loop) (String) , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , : , , , , : , , , , book@subeen.com 6. , ? , , , (0) (1) (user) , , , , , 0 1 0,1 , ( , ) 0,1 , , , ADD (), MUL () 0,1 , ( , ), , (Fortran), , (Basic), (Pascal), (C) , , , , , (C++), (VisualBasic), (Java), (C#), (Perl), (PHP), (Python), (Ruby) , , , , , ? , , (logic) gcc , , Codeblocks (http://www.codeblocks.org/) 7. IDE (Integrated Development Environment) (:,,) (IDE) , HelloWorld Codeblocks http://www.codeblocks.org Downloads Binaries Codeblocks : codeblocks10.05setup.exe , codeblocks10.05mingwsetup.exe (74.0 MB) , Ubuntu Software Center (Applications>UbuntuSoftwareCenter) , , . , , , . , 8. . . . . No ( .) 9. File NewFile EmptyFile (.) . . Start Programs Codeblocks Applications >Programming (Save) Saveastype C/C++files( .) . ( .) Showtipsatstartup (tick) . 10. hello.c , ? .c , ! Build CompileCurrentFile . . 0errors,0warnings, syntax . #includeintmain(){printf("HelloWorld"); .return0;}:. Build Run ( .) . . . 11. : printf("Hello World"); printf() stdio.h (header) (.h . ) stdio.h , Hello World , , Processreturned0(0x0)( ) execution time : 0.031 s printf() , #include 0.031 ,Pressanykeyto , continue. Anykey printf("HelloWorld"); HelloWorld return 0; , , (compileerror) :#include, #include,intmain(),{ } printf return :intmain() 0 ( ) , ( ) (Indentation) return0;, , , : , intmain() { , (Tab) Codeblocksreturn0; Settings Editor TABOptions TABindents } TABsizeinspaces4 (. ) 12. , , , ? ! , = . , , #include:Ilovemycountry,Bangladesh intmain() { inta; intb; intsum; a=50; b=60; sum=a+b; printf("Sumis%d",sum); return0; } :. , :Sumis110 a,b,sum (variable) a,b,sum inta; a (integer) 13. int , { inta,b,sum; , a=50; b=60; , : int a, b, sum; sum=a+b; printf("Sumis%d",sum); : return0;a=50;}b=60;:. a 50 b 60 (assign), , a 50 b 60 : #include :sum=a+b; ,sum a+b intmain() , a b sum{ ( assign)inta=50,b=60,sum; sum=a+b; , printf printf("Sumis%d",sum);printf("Sumis%d",sum); return0; } printf "Sumis%d" :. Sumis %d ? sum %d sum %d , #include , intmain() { , intx,y; x=1;, y=x; x=2; : printf("%d",y); return0;#include }intmain() :. 14. ? 1 2? 1, #include , x 1 (x = 1;)intmain() x y (y=x;) {y 1 x 2 inta=50.45,b=60,sum; y y=x;sum=a+b; = printf("%d+%d=%d",a,b,sum); return0; :} :.#includeintmain() a 50.45 , { ,main return0;inta=50,b=60,sum; ? return0; sum=a+b; :50+60=110printf("%d+%d=%d",a,b,sum); a 50, 50.45 return0;} (typecast) :.double double int , : ? printf("%d+%d=%d", inta=(int)50.45a,b,sum); printf("%d+%d=%d",b,a,sum); inta=50.99; a 50 inta=50.9; a 50 double int , , , , , , , #include , intmain() {, , intn; doublex; , int ( real x=10.5;number) , ? n=(int)x; 15. printf("Valueofnis%dn",n); printf printf("Valueofxis%lfn",x); printf :return0;printf("Valueofais%dn",a); printf "" n} :. a , 2146473648 x- 2147483647 , - double int int , %lf (l L) int (byte) (1byte=8bit) ,0 1 (00,01,10,int 11) 32 :232 4294967296 ? : , 2146473648#include 1 2146473648 0 2146473647 2146473648 , 4294967296 ,intmain() {inta; (realnumber)a=1000; , ,...3,2,1,printf("Valueofais%d",a); 0,1,2,3... 5,3,2.43,0,0.49,2.92a=21000; ( )printf("Valueofais%d",a); #includea=10000000;printf("Valueofais%d",a); intmain() {a=10000000; doublea,b,sum;printf("Valueofais%d",a); a=9.5;a=100020004000503; b=8.743;printf("Valueofais%d",a); sum=a+b;a=4325987632;printf("Valueofais%d",a); printf("Sumis:%lfn",sum);return0;printf("Sumis:%0.2lfn",sum);}:.return0; } :. a ? 16. : scanf scanf("%d", &a); %d scanf- Sumis:18.243000 int (Sumis:18.24 ) a- (&) , &a %lf a , %0.2lf , &a- , ( %0.3lf , a b- scanf %0.0lf) double 64 : scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); 1.7E308(1.7x10308) 1.7E+308 (1.7 x 10308) & ? , , , , , #include ( intmain()) scanf {(- ) inta,b,sum; : scanf("%d",&a); scanf("%d",b);#include sum=a+b;intmain(){ printf("Sumis:%dn",sum);inta,b,sum; return0;scanf("%d",&a); }scanf("%d",&b); :.sum=a+b; printf("Sumis:%dn",sum); ? scanf- %d- %lf return0; } :. , (blank screen) int double , (space) (enter) , 17. , getchar , ch , char , : char c = A; , char :(character) character #include intmain() , char { : intnum1,num2;#includeprintf("Pleaseenteranumber:");scanf("%d",&num1);intmain()printf("Pleaseenteranothernumber:");{ scanf("%d",&num2);charch;printf("%d+%d=%dn",num1,num2,num1+num2);printf("Enterthefirstletterofyourname:");printf("%d%d=%dn",num1,num2,num1num2);scanf("%c",&ch); printf("%d*%d=%dn",num1,num2,num1*num2); printf("Thefirstletterofyournameis:%cn",printf("%d/%d=%dn",num1,num2,num1/num2);ch);return0;return0; }} :.:. , , char printf scanf , %c getchar, num1 num2- , , , printfchar : #include , num2-intmain() 0 printf { +, -, *, / charch; char printf("Enterthefirstletterofyourname:"); :ch=getchar();printf("Thefirstletterofyournameis:%cn",ch);#includereturn0;} intmain():.{intnum1,num2,value; 18. charsign; printf("Pleaseenteranumber:");#includescanf("%d",&num1);printf("Pleaseenteranothernumber:");intmain()scanf("%d",&num2);{//testprogramcomment1value=num1+num2;printf("Hello");sign=+;/*WehaveprintedHello,printf("%d%c%d=%dn",num1,sign,num2,nowweshallprintWorld.value);Notethatthisisamultilinecomment*/printf("World");//printedworldvalue=num1num2;sign=;return0;printf("%d%c%d=%dn",num1,sign,num2,}value);:.value=num1*num2;sign=*; , ( - printf("%d%c%d=%dn",num1,sign,num2,), ? value); , a z, A Z, 0value=num1/num2; 9 _ ( ) sign=/; () int 7d; printf("%d%c%d=%dn",num1,sign,num2,value); , sum , yreturn0; , } :. , ( , - ) , (comment) // /* */ 19. if- , else- ( ) , ! - , ? >= - - intmain(){ if intn;else- if else , ( ) n=10; :if(n>=0){printf("Thenumberispositiven"); #include}else{intmain()printf("Thenumberisnegativen"); {} intn; n=10;return0; }if(n10){ :printf("Thenumberisgreaterthantenn");if(n < 0): n } return0; }else if(n > 0): , n :. if(n > 0) else if(n == 0): n > 0 ? n ? , #include, intmain() n- { intn=10; if(n