programs that teach visual expertise the image quiz project dr. bruce kirchoff university of north...
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Programs That Teach Visual Expertise
The Image Quiz Project
Dr. Bruce KirchoffUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro
Outline
• Visual Learning– Cognitive Psychology of Visual
Perception– Woody Plants of the Southeastern US
•General Principles•Using the program
– Other applications•Chemistry: Amino Acids•Mathematics: Basic equations
– Some consequences
• Visual Keys, a new approach
Cognitive Psychology of Visual Perception•Analytic Perception
–may be our earliest perceptual mode–used by non-experts
•dog owners•students
–is part based–is reportable
•Holistic Perception–used to perceive faces–used by experts in their domain of expertise
•dog show judges•systematists
–is configuration based–is non-reportable
Gauthier et al. 1998. Vision Research 38: 2401-2428
Car experts show activation in the right FFA for faces and for cars, but not for birds. Bird experts show activation for faces and birds, but not for cars.
Faces Cars Birds
car exp
bird exp
Bukach, C. M. et al. 2006. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10:159-166.
Expertise-related activity, right Fusiform Face Area
Electrophysical measurement: Geodesic Sensor Net• Used for recording Event Related
Potentials (ERP)
http://whyfiles.org/
Effects of active studying
Rhodes, G. et al. (2004) J. Cognitive Neuroscience 16:189–203
no training; passive viewing
training; active
identification
Outline
• Visual Learning– Cognitive Psychology of Visual
Perception– Woody Plants of the Southeastern US
•General Principles•Using the program
– Other applications•Chemistry: Amino Acids•Mathematics: Basic equations
– Some consequences
• Visual Keys, a new approach
Botanical Experts
• A good field botanist can identify plants from– fragments– moving vehicles– non-typical specimen
• A taxonomic specialist can identify species that stump even good field botanists
• Cannot always explain how they know what they know
Field Botany• Observation and naming of species
– Repetition!•“That is Acer rubrum” ; “That is Acer
rubrum” again; “That is Acer rubrum, but it is not a very typical specimen”
– quizzes• Variation!
– see more than one specimen of A. rubrum
– plants learned based on vegetative and floral “characters”
• Relatively little emphasis on traditional characters
Woody plants of the Southeastern US CD•Created to simulate a field botany course
–Two main types of study modules
•Introducing the taxa
–images of the plant presented with their names–familiarize students with the plants
•Quizzes–Four kinds of image drills
http://www.mbgpress.info/index.php?task=id&id=08025
Woody plants of the Southeast CD• Design Goal: Create image quizzes of
sufficient difficulty to actively engage the user
• Quiz design adapted from the cognitive psychology literature– 1: Image naming with prompt– 2: Image naming without prompt– 3: Image comparison– 4: Image verification
• TEST module incorporates routines 2- 4• Display time is user definable, from 0.1
to 4 seconds
Woody Plants of the SE CD - Images• Images are standardized • The work of my co-author, Steve Baskauf• e. g., front and back of leaves shown
together
• The images are the hidden heart of the program
Let’s learn some plants!
• Demonstrate the WPSEUS Program
Outline
• Visual Learning– Cognitive Psychology of Visual
Perception– Woody Plants of the Southeastern US
•General Principles•Using the program
– Other applications•Chemistry: Amino Acids•Mathematics: Basic equations
– Some consequences
• Visual Keys, a new approach
Learning chemistry through the amino acids• Demonstrate Amino prototype
Other applications
• Chemistry: Amino Acids
histidine
ionic
phenylalanine
nonpolar
Outline
• Visual Learning– Cognitive Psychology of Visual
Perception– Woody Plants of the Southeastern US
•General Principles•Using the program
– Other applications•Chemistry: Amino Acids•Mathematics: Basic equations
– Some consequences
• Visual Keys, a new approach
Teaching Math through Visualization
Mathematicians read equations holistically
How many types of equations?
Are these associations correct?
Outline
• Visual Learning– Cognitive Psychology of Visual
Perception– Woody Plants of the Southeastern US
•General Principles•Using the program
– Other applications•Chemistry: Amino Acids•Mathematics: Basic equations
– Some consequences
• Visual Keys, a new approach
What are we teaching?
• Analytic view– Image recognition
• Holistic view– Scientific intuition
• Intuition– “an intuitive judgment, based upon
professional experience, as to where the data is pointing and where new discoveries are likely to be made.” Denis Lamoureux
– Experience is necessary for scientific intuitionhttp://www.asa3.org/archive/evolution/199604/0247.html
Small, Cheap, and Out of Control
• Small– Quick to develop and easy to deploy
• Cheap– Inexpensive to develop and maintain
•Low cost•Low human overhead
• Out of Control– Can be used effectively without
training or supervision
• Wide distribution of effective learning at low cost
Brooks, R. 1989. Fast, cheep and out of control. J Brit. Interplanetary Soc. 42: 478-485
Collaborators and Acknowledgements• Woody Plants of the Southeast
– Steve Baskauf http://bioimages.vanderbilt.edu/
– Alexander Krings, Herbarium, NCSU– Ben Purcell and John Cox (programmers)– Woody Plants of the SE is published by
Missouri Botanical Garden Press
• Cognitive Psychology Consultation– Isabel Gauthier, Vanderbilt
• Mathematics– Dr. Raymond Lee, UNC Pembroke
• Keys– Dr. David Remington, UNCG