progress of disaster management administration in japan november 2005 by satoru nishikawa cabinet...
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Progress of Disaster Management Administration in Japan
November 2005
by Satoru NISHIKAWAby Satoru NISHIKAWA
Cabinet Office, Government of JapanCabinet Office, Government of Japan
Japan has wide variety of natural disasters
•Typhoons (July – October)
•Heavy Monsoon Rain (May – July)
•Floods•Landslides•Earthquakes•Tsunamis•Volcanic Eruptions•Snow Avalanches
•Japan is prone to earthquakes
-10% of whole earthquake energy in the world is released around Japan
Most dreadful things historically in Japan
1 .earthquakes, 2. lightning/thunder, 3. fire, 4. father
Jishin Kaminari Kaji Oyaji
Historical Records of Earthquakes & Tsunami in
JAPAN •416 August, Yamato-Kochi Earthquake
The first written record of Earthquake in Japan within “Nihonshoki” the first official history book of Japan, edited in 8th century .
•684 November, by Hakuho-Nankai Tonankai Earthquake (Estimate Magnitude: 8.2-3)
The first written record of Earthquake Tsunami in Japan within “NIHONSHOKI” the first official history book of Japan, edited in 8th century.
Traditional “UKIYOE” drawing after 1855 October Ansei-Edo Earthquake 1
Edo (Old name of Tokyo) citizens beating the legendary Catfish Monster which was believed to cause earthquake
Hazards Confronting Vulnerable Communities Cause Disasters
Disasters
Hazard
(risk assessment)Vulnerability
(societal conditions)
Less Disasters
Hazard
(risk assessment)Vulnerability
(societal conditions)
Disasters
The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters-The Japanese Experience --The Japanese Experience -
Ise-wan Typhoon
Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake
(persons)
(year)19591945 19951970 1980 19901950 2000
The number of casualties and the missing in natural disasters in Japan
6481
4897
58686062
JAPAN’s Government System
3 Layers of GovernmentNational Government
47 Prefectural Government
2,376 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government
(as of May 2005)
Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 12.1 millionSmallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million
(Population data based on national census in 2000)
(Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet)
(Governor is elected by the residents)
(Mayor is elected by the residents)
JAPAN
Niigata Prefecture
Metropolis of Tokyo
47 Prefectures
Hyogo Prefecture
KOBE City
HYOGO Prefecture
Hokudan Town,
Awaji Island
88 Municipalities
(22 Cities, 66 Towns)
as of April 2003
Niigata Prefecture
45 Municipalities
(20 Cities, 17 Towns,8 Villages)
as of May 2005
Ojiya City
Nagaoka City
The National Government
The Prime Minister is the Head of the Cabinet and is the Chairman of
the Central Disaster Management Council
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
Minister of State for Disaster Management
Cabinet Office
The Local Government (Hyogo Prefecture)
All local government have their mayor (administrative office head) elected by
their citizens and the legislative body elected by citizens
The Local Government (N iigataPrefecture)
All local government have their mayor (administrative office head) elected by
their citizens and the legislative body elected by citizens
1959 Ise-Wan Typhoon was the Epoch-Making Turning Point
•Response oriented approach to preventive approach
•Individual approach to comprehensive multi-sectoral approach
•Investment for disaster reduction
Central Disaster Prevention Council chaired by the Prime Minister
The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures to the National Diet
Formulation of “National Basic Disaster Management Plan for Disaster Prevention”
Annual Gov’t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures
National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers & Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors
The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral)The Local Disaster Management Plan
Public Awareness Programs
Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act 1961
Designation of “Disaster Prevention Day”
Great Success Great Success in decreasing Typhoon & Flood Casualtiesin decreasing Typhoon & Flood Casualties
-Continued-Emphasis on Strong Link of Information Flow among Various SectorsStronger Coordination among various gov’t sectors & Red
Cross
Involvement of Semi-Public Sectors Electric Companies, Railway Companies, Public Broadcasting etc.
Investment for Disaster PreventionFlood Control & Land Conservation Works
Forest Conservation
Meteorological Observation Mt. Fuji Rader Site, Meteo-Sats
Emergency Telecommunication Systems
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00
風水害による死者・行方不明者数
Number of Death/Missing
by Weather-related Disasters in Japan
Ise-wan Typhoon
Efforts for Disaster Prevention
EmergencyResponse
EmergencyResponse
RecoveryRehabilitation
RecoveryRehabilitation
PreventionMitigation
PreventionMitigation
PreparednessPreparedness
Improvement of Disaster Prevention Facilities - Observation equipment such as meteorological satellites, weather observation radar and seismometers - Systems for communicating emergency information such as telecommunications and broadcasting facilities etc.
National Land Conservation - Soil conservation, River improvement, Construction of dams for flood control, Soil erosion control, Landslide prevention, Coastline conservation, Agricultural land and facilities disaster management etc.
Disaster Awareness & Knowledge, Disaster Management DrillLocal Voluntary Disaster Management Organizations and Volunteer Activities
Building nation and communitiesresilient to disasters
People
Civil Protection &
Relief
-Regional Planning
-Social Infrastructure Works
-Agriculture & Forestry
-Health & Sanitation
-Environment
Scientific & Engineering ResearchNational
Coordinating Bodies
Local Gov’ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs
Basic Emergency Services in Japan
.IFire-Fighting & Ambulance
.IIPolice
.IIIMilitary
.IVCoast Guard
Basic Emergency Services in Japan I. Fire-Fighting & AmbulanceDial 119 Municipal (City, Town, Village)
Fire Station
Voluntary Firefighters at Community Level
Weak Coordination at Prefecture Level
Overall Fire Defence Administration Policy by Fire Defence Agency, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications at National Level
Basic Emergency Services in Japan II. Police
•Major Police Station in Cities•Strong Coordination by the National Police
Agency
Dial 110 Prefectural Police
Basic Emergency Services in Japan IV. Coast Guard
•Japan Coast Guard belongs to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (only at
National Level)
1995 Kobe Earthquake (17 Jan. 1995, Mag.
7.2 ) was the 2nd Epoch-Making Turning Point
CasualtyDeath: 6,433
80 % were killed by building collapse (crush and suffocation)
Injured: 43,177
Damage to buildings
Housing:436,416 units - 100,302 completely destroyed - 108,741 half destroyed
Public buildings destroyed: 750 units
Other buildings destroyed: 3,952 units
Fire Fire outbreaks: 294 units
Kobe Earthquake
6,433 deaths
80% immediately killed by building collapse surgeon general’s report
Prevention & Mitigation Preparedness
Ensure Building Safety !
Public Awareness
Disaster Manager’s Proper Action
Direct loss : 5,520
Relevant loss : 913
Characteristics of Stricken Area
•Directly hit the Metropolitan area - Major Center for Government, Economic and Culture with 3.6million
•Capital of Prefecture - Local Governments (Prefecture, Cities) Headquarter were also heavily destroyed- Government Officials including Disaster Management Experts were also victims
Lesson 1Delay of First Response due to lack of information
•Damaged Headquarter•Local Government Command initially paralyzed•Destroyed almost all traffic system•Telecommunication, even satellite
telecommunication system were cut off due to power failure
⇒ It took three days to grasp the entire picture of damage
Kobe Municipal Government Headquarter