progress towards pulsed multi-mw proton driver(s) in europe

Progress towardsProgress towardsPulsed Multi-MW Proton Pulsed Multi-MW Proton

Driver(s) in EuropeDriver(s) in EuropeIntroduction Status & Plans at ISIS (Rutherford Laboratory – UK) Status & Plans at CERN (CH) Summary

R. GarobyBENE’08

2-3 December, 2008

IntroductionIntroduction

R.G. 2 2 December, 2008

CreditsCredits

• Work on- and information about- ISIS: Chris Prior

• Contributors to the SPL/Linac4:– SPL Study team

CEA (Saclay) + CNRS (Orsay & Grenoble) + CERN– HIP working group

CERN– IPHI-SPL COLLABORATION

CEA (Saclay) + CNRS (Orsay & Grenoble) + CERN– HIPPI JRA (inside CARE, supported by the European Union)CEA (F), CERN (CH), Frankfurt University (D), GSI (D), INFN-Milano (I), IN2P3 (F), RAL (GB), KFZ Juelich (D)– ISTC projects #2875, 2888 and 2889BINP (Novosibirsk), IHEP (Protvino), IHEP (Moscow), VNIIEF (Sarov), VNIITF (Snezinsk)

• Special contributions to the neutrino factory studies:– M. Aiba, M. Meddahi


Recent ReferencesRecent References[beyond the references given on the web-site of BENE – non-exhaustive]

• CERN working group on “Proton Accelerators of the Future” [http://paf.web.cern.ch/paf/]

• “Conceptual Design of the SPL (II)”, CERN-2006-006[http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/989077/files/ab-2006-081.pdf]

• “Analyzis of the maximum potential proton flux to CNGS”, CERN-AB-2007-013-PAF,[http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1027754/files/ab-2007-013.pdf]

• “Feasibility Study of Accumulator and Compressor for the 6-bunches SPL-based Proton Driver”, CERN-AB-2008-060[http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1125556/files/CERN-AB-2008-060.pdf]

• “Assessment of the basic parameters of the CERN SPL”, CERN-AB-2008-067-BI-RF,http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1136901/files/CERN-AB-2008-067.pdf

• EPAC’08: “Upgrade Issues for the CERN Accelerator Complex”[http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/e08/talks/fryagm01_talk.pdfand http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/e08/papers/fryagm01.pdf]

• HIPPI’08: “High Power Proton Drivers at RAL”[http://indico.cern.ch/getFile.py/access?contribId=14&sessionId=11&resId=2&materialId=slides&confId=39839]

• 3rd CHIPP Swiss neutrino workshop: “CERN Initiatives for Future neutrino Beams”[http://indico.cern.ch/materialDisplay.py?contribId=12&sessionId=2&materialId=slides&confId=43639]


Status and Plans at ISISStatus and Plans at ISIS


Proton DriverProton Driver

• RAL work is directed at a high intensity proton accelerator delivering several MW of average beam power to a production target

• Applications to – spallation neutron sources – nuclear waste transmutation– energy amplifier– secondary particle production– neutrino superbeams– neutrino factories

• For a Neutrino Factory: – 4 MW at ~50 Hz, ~10 GeV – bunches of ~1 ns rms duration.

• For a Neutron Source – 4-5 MW at ~50 Hz, 1-3 GeV– bunches of

• Note: the ISIS spallation neutron source operates at ~160 kW.

Materials & Life Sciences at ~3 GeVNuclear & Particle Physics at ~50 GeVR&D for ADS at ~0.5 GeV


Main Design IssuesMain Design Issues• Choice between

- Full energy linac and accumulator/storage rings (e.g. SNS, ESS)

- Low/intermediate energy linac, booster RCS, main accelerating ring (synchrotron or FFAG) (e.g. J-PARC)

• Requirement for very low uncontrolled beam loss throughout machine.

- met with fast beam chopper in linac, achromats and advanced collimation systems

• Beam accumulation via charge exchange injection

• Trapping and acceleration in rings (instability studies, halo, emittance growth)

• Nanosecond bunch compression for Neutrino Factory

- imposes additional considerations beyond a neutron source.

H H


Possible SchemesPossible Schemes

• H linac with pairs of 50 Hz booster and 25 Hz driver ˉsynchrotrons (RCS)

• H linac with 50 Hz booster RCS and 50 Hz non-scaling FFAGˉ

• H linac with chain of 3 FFAGs in seriesˉ

• H linac with 2 slower cycling synchrotrons and 2 holding ringsˉ

• Full energy H linac with accumulator and compressor rings ˉ - CERN, Fermilab


UKNF Proton DriversUKNF Proton Drivers• 5 GeV, 50 Hz: two-ring booster (50Hz) feeding two main

synchrotrons (25 Hz)

• 15 GeV, 25 Hz: two-ring boosters (25 Hz) feeding two main synchrotrons (12.5 Hz)

• 6-8 GeV, 50 Hz design: as above, suggested as a development path for ISIS

• 30 GeV, 8.33 Hz, slow cycling synchrotron, intended as upgrade for CERN PS

• 10 GeV, 50 Hz: 3 GeV booster feeding single FFAG

• 10 GeV, 50 Hz: 3 GeV booster feeding single RCS


• Recent accelerator developments

– injector upgrade

– dual harmonic RF system

• New 10 Hz target station, TS2– takes one pulse in five from ISIS synchrotron

– 48 kW power, 60 μA current

– optimised for cold neutron production for research into

• Soft Matter, Advanced Materials, Bio-materials, Nano-technology

• ISIS upgrade studies

– linac development (incl. HIPPI)

– MW proton driver for neutrons or neutrinos


Recent Developments at ISISRecent Developments at ISIS

Option Comments Beam Power(MW)

Neutron Yield

1(a) Add 180 MeV Linac Technical Issues ~ 0.4 1.7

1(b) Add 800 MeV RCS Operational Issues ~ 0.5 2.0

1(c) Upgrades 1(a) + 1(b) Technical/Operational Issues ~ 0.9 3.8

2 Add ~ 3 GeV RCS Recommended 1st Upgrade 1 3.2

3 Add ~ 6 GeV RCS Technical/Cost Issues 2 5.6

4 Upgrades 1+2 or 1+3 Technical/Operational Issues ~ 2 – 6 ~ 6.4 – 16.8

5 400 – 800 MeV Linac + 3 GeV RCS Recommended 2nd Upgrade 2 – 5 6.4 – 16.0

6 1.334 GeV Linac + Accumulator Ring Good “Green Field” Option 5 18.8

• designs optimized for neutron production• all include beam to TS2• primary considerations are:

• cost relative to new facility• impact on ISIS operations

ISIS MW UpgradesISIS MW Upgrades


Expedient Upgrade Expedient Upgrade

In present financial climate, “cheap” option to

safeguard the future of ISIS:

• Replace existing 70MeV linac with new injector.

• Lower the space-charge, more accumulated beam.

• Same injection geometry, some upgrades to ring (RF).

• Increase rep. rate to 64 Hz with same peak RF

voltages.

• Significant power increase

240 kW → ~500 kW

• 2 bunches per pulse each of 3.75×1013 protons

• Advantage of replacing old equipment and good

potential for future upgrades.


Diagnostics

Chopper

Ion source

LEBTRFQ

Linac Front-End (FETS)Linac Front-End (FETS)

RAL Chopper

RFQ cold model

Ion source

Toshiba 324 MHz klystron

High Current 180 MeV HHigh Current 180 MeV H–– Linac Studies Linac Studies• An H- linac to ~200 MeV is common to all RAL proton accelerator designs,

whether for neutron sources or as the driver for a muon-based neutrino factory.

• RAL’s work related to similar studies at CERN for Linac4

~100m

Plans for £20m Proton Driver test facility at RAL.

Could be linac accelerating structures or a test model of a proton FFAG


Favoured Option forFavoured Option forUpgrading ISISUpgrading ISIS

I. Add new 3.2 GeV synchrotron

Bucket-bucket transfer (2 bunches) from ISIS

Simple energy increase gives ~0.75 MW to new neutron production target (40 Hz)

II. Build new 800 MeV H- linac; possibly decommission ISIS

Charge exchange injection, phase space painting

5 bunches for neutron production

2 MW at 30 Hz, ~5 MW at 50 Hz

Diamond

New 3.2 GeV synchrotron

ISIS

New 800 MeV linac


800 MeV H linacˉ800 MeV H linacˉ

Beam power for 2 MW, 30 Hz, 3.2 GeV RCS: 0.5 MWBeam pulse current before MEBT chopping: 43.0 mABeam pulse current after MEBT chopping: 30.0 mANumber of injected turns for a 370 m RCS: ~500 turnsBeam pulse duration at the 30 Hz rep rate: ~700.0 μs Duty cycle for the extent of the beam pulse: ~2.1 %

MEBT(in) normalised rms emittances (π mm mr): 0.25, 0.375

MEBT(out) normalised rms emittances (π mm mr): 0.292, 0.41Cell equipartition trans/long phase shift ratios: 1.40


Initial Linac Outline DesignInitial Linac Outline Design

Very

Preliminary


3.2 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron3.2 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

Energy 0.8 – 3.2 GeV

Rep Rate 50 Hz

C, R/R0 367.6 m, 9/4

Gamma-T 7.2

Qh, Qv 7.21, 5.73

h 9

frf sweep 6.1-7.1 MHz

Peak Vrf ~ 750 kV

Peak Ksc ~ 0.1

εl per bunch ~ 1.5 eV s

B[t] sinusoidal


Can Upgraded ISIS be used for NF?Can Upgraded ISIS be used for NF?

5 bunches 30 Hz 3.2 GeV 2 MW

5 bunches 50 Hz 3.2 GeV 2 x 5/3 MW

3 bunches 50 Hz 3.2 GeV 2 MW

2 bunches 50 Hz 10 GeV 4.2 MW

Upgraded ISIS

Increase rep. rate

Neutron use

NF use

Increase repetition rate to 50 Hz, leave 3 of the 5 bunches for neutron use, put remaining two into a separate new synchrotron and accelerate to 10

GeV. Leaves neutron production unaffected and gives 4 MW for NF

Fundamental criterion: must not affect neutron production to users


Proton DriverProton Driverfor a Neutrino Factoryfor a Neutrino Factory

Lower injection energies provide smaller bucket area in the ring and the small longitudinal emittance needed for final ns bunch compression. Studies show that 180 MeV is a realistic energy for NF.

Separate booster ring designed for low loss phase space painting for beam injection and accumulation.Synchrotron moving buckets give flexibility to capture all of the injected beam.

Separate main ring with optics chosen for ns bunch compression.Could be FFAG (cheaper but insufficiently developed) or a synchrotron (reliable, tried and tested)

Special achromat for collimation (longitudinal and transverse) and momentum ramping for injection

Compressed bunches need to be held and sent to target at intervals of 20-100 μs. Possible in FFAG and also synchrotron with flat top.


RAL FFAG DriverRAL FFAG Driver

• Advantages of non-scaling FFAG– high duty cycle, lower RF fields.

– metallic vacuum chambers (v. ceramic for RCS).

– single rings and transfer lines (v. double for RCS systems) => cheaper.

– adiabatic bunch compression easier (v. LAR system).

– bunches can be held in compressed state until needed.


FFAG DevelopmentFFAG DevelopmentEMMAEMMA

Electron test model of a non-scaling muon FFAG.

10-20 MeV, 16.57 m circumference

Study: resonances, longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics

Uses the injector of ALICE (ERLP at Daresbury).

Experimental programme starts September 2009


BUT:BUT:

Proton bunches for neutron production have large longitudinal emittances.

Can we do required ns bunch compression with a neutron optimised

beam?

Note: J-PARC, with neutron production at 3 GeV, can compress only to 10 ns rms in the 50 GeV ring


Status and Plans at CERNStatus and Plans at CERN


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: MotivationPLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Motivation

parameters icrelativist classical :

raccelerato theof radiusmean :

emittances e transversnormalized :

nchprotons/bu ofnumber :with

,

2,

R

N

RNQ

YX

b

YX

bSC

1. Lack of reliability:Ageing accelerators (PS is 48 years old !) operating far beyond initial parameters

need for new accelerators designed for the needs of SLHCneed for new accelerators designed for the needs of SLHC

2. Main performance limitation:Excessive incoherent space chargetune spreads QSC at injection in thePSB (50 MeV) and PS (1.4 GeV) becauseof the high required beam brightness N/*.

need to increase the injection energy in the synchrotronsneed to increase the injection energy in the synchrotrons• Increase injection energy in the PSB from 50 to 160 MeV kinetic

• Increase injection energy in the PSB from 25 to 50 GeV kinetic

• Design the PS successor (PS2) with an acceptable space charge effect for the maximum beam envisaged for SLHC: => injection energy of 4 GeV


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: DescriptionPLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Description

PSB

SPS SPS+

Linac4

(LP)SPL

PS

LHC / SLHC DLHC

Out

put e

nerg

y

160 MeV

1.4 GeV4 GeV

26 GeV50 GeV

450 GeV1 TeV

7 TeV~ 14 TeV

Linac250 MeV

(LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV)

PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)

SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)

DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)

Proton flux / Beam power

PS2


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: PS2 parametersPLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: PS2 parametersPS2 goals:• to provide the beam brightness required by all considered SLHC options• to improve SPS operation in fixed target mode

Reason Physical parameter Value Space charge PS2 Injection energy (kinetic) 4 GeV SPS improvement Ejection energy (kinetic) 50 GeV LHC Transverse normalized 1 sigma emittances

at ejection for LHC 3 mm.mrad

LHC Longitudinal emittance/bunch with 25 ns bunch spacing at ejection

0.35 eVs

Twice the ultimate brightness + 10 % margin for beam loss

Nb of protons / bunch with 25 ns bunch spacing at ejection for LHC (total 168 bunches)

3.61011 (6.051013)

SPS / PS2 fixed target physics

Nb of protons / bunch with 25 ns bunch spacing (total)

7.51011 (1.251014)

Possible bunch spacings in LHC (25, 50 & 75 ns)

Size (ratio PS2/SPS) 15/77

Circumference 1346.4 m hRF for 25 ns (resp. 50 or 75 ns) bunch

spacing 180 (resp. 90 or 60)

Cycling period to 50 GeV without flat porch 2.4 s


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: PS2 injectorPLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: PS2 injector

Reason Physical parameter Value Space charge Injection energy to PS2 (kinetic) 4 GeV Twice the ultimate brightness + 20 % margin for beam loss

Nb of protons per PS2 cycle for LHC 6.71013

SPS / PS2 fixed target physics

Nb of protons per PS2 cycle for PS2 / SPS fixed target physics

1.41014

Requirements of PS2 on its injector:


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Why an SPL?PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Why an SPL?

• An H- linac combined with charge exchange injection in the following synchrotron is a proven solution for reliably reaching high beam brightness,

• Superconducting accelerating structures allow for reaching 4 GeV with a single accelerator (minimum beam loss/irradiation + maximum reliability),

• An SPL provides a large potential of extension to adapt to future needs. Among the identified possibilities:

– Radioactive ion beam facility (4 MW at ~ 2.5 GeV)– Proton driver for a neutrino factory (4 MW at 5 GeV) [design available]– e+/e- acceleration to ~20 GeV (using recirculation in the =1 part of the SPL) for LHeC

[design

• Large synergy with other projects (ESS, ADS, EURISOL, SNS…) and access to EU support for R & D.


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 1 (1/2)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 1 (1/2)LINAC4

Ion species H-

Output kinetic energy 160 MeV

Bunch frequency 352.2 MHz

Max. repetition rate 1.1 (2) Hz

Beam pulse duration 0.4 (1.2) ms

Chopping factor (beam on) 62%

Source current 80 mA

RFQ output current 70 mA

Linac current 64 mA

Average current during beam pulse 40 mA

Beam power 5.1 kW

Particles / pulse 1.0 1014

Beam characteristics

HH- - sourcesource RFQRFQ choppechopperr

DTLDTL CCDTLCCDTL PIMSPIMS

3 MeV 50 MeV 102 MeV

352.2 MHz

160 MeV

Layout


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 1 (2/2)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 1 (2/2)WBS Task Name

Linac4 project start

2 Linac systems

2.1 Source and LEBT construction, test

Drawings, material procurement

2.2 RFQ construction, test

2.4 Accelerating structures construction

Klystron prototypying

2.6.2 Klystrons construction

2.6.1 LLRF construction

2.7 Beam Instrumentation construction

2.8 Transfer line construction

2.9 Magnets construction

2.10 Power converters construction

5 Building and infrastructure

5.1 Building design and construction

5.2,3,4 Infrastructure installation

3 PS Booster systems

3.1 PSB injection elements construction

3.2 PSB beam dynamics analysis

4 Installation and commissioning

4.1 Test stand operation (3 + 10 MeV)

4.2 Cavities testing, conditioning

Cabling, waveguides installation

Accelerator installation

Klystrons, modulators installation

Hardware tests

Front-end commissioning

4.5 Linac accelerator commissioning

Transfer line commissioning

PSB modifications

4.6 PSB commissioning with Linac4

Start physics run with Linac4

01/01

01/05

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q12007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Milestones

End CE works: December 2010

Installation: 2011

Linac commissioning: 2012

Modifications PSB: shut-down 2012/13 (6 months)

Beam from PSB: 1rst of May 2013


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (1/4)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (1/4)LP-SPL + PS2

HH- - sourcesource RFQRFQ choppchopperer DTLDTL CCDTLCCDTL PIMSPIMS


352.2 MHz

β=0.6β=0.655

β=0.9β=0.922

643 MeV 4 GeV

704.4 MHz

180 MeV

Linac4 (160 MeV) SC-linac (4 GeV)

Kinetic energy (GeV) 4

Beam power at 4 GeV (MW) 0.16

Rep. period (s) 0.6

Protons/pulse (x 1014) 1.5

Average pulse current (mA) 20

Pulse duration (ms) 1.2

LP-SPL beam characteristics

Length: 460 m


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (2/4)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (2/4)LP-SPL + PS2

Construction of LP-SPL and PS2 will not interfere with the regular operation of Linac4 + PSB for physics.Similarly, beam commissioning of LP-SPL and PS2 will take place without interference with physics.

Milestones

Project proposal: June 2011 Project start: January 2012 LP-SPL commissioning: mid-2015 PS2 commissioning: mid-2016 SPS commissioning: May 2017 Beam for physics: July 2017


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (3/4)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (3/4)

Collimation phase 2

Linac4 + IR upgrade phase 1

New injectors + IR upgrade

phase 2

Early operation

Integratedluminosityin LHC…


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (4/4)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 2 (4/4)Site layout SPS

PS2

SPL

Linac4

PS

ISOLDE


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 3 (1/4)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 3 (1/4)HP-SPL

HH- - sourcesource RFQRFQ chopperchopper DTLDTL CCDTLCCDTL PIMSPIMS


352.2 MHz

β=0.65β=0.65 β=1.0β=1.0

643 MeV 5 GeV

704.4 MHz

180 MeV

Linac4 (160 MeV) SC-linac (5 GeV)

Option 1 Option 2

Energy (GeV) 2.5 or 5 2.5 and 5

Beam power (MW) 3 MW (2.5 GeV)

or

6 MW (5 GeV)

4 MW (2.5 GeV)

and

4 MW (5 GeV)

Rep. frequency (Hz) 50 50

Protons/pulse (x 1014) 1.5 2 (2.5 GeV) + 1 (5 GeV)

Av. Pulse current (mA) 20 40

Pulse duration (ms) 1.2 0.8 (2.5 GeV) + 0.4 (5 GeV)

HP-SPL beam characteristics

Length: 460 m



The upgrade from LP-SPL to HP-SPL will depend upon the approval of major new physics programmes for Radioactive Ion beams (EURISOL-type facility) and/or for neutrinos (Neutrino factory).

Staged hardware upgrade during shutdowns

Earliest year of operation: 2020


PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 3 (3/4)PLANS FOR FUTURE INJECTORS: Stage 3 (3/4)HP-SPLTARGETS RADIOACTIVE

IONS LINAC

EURISOL EXPERIMENTAL HALLS

ISOLDE OREURISOL HIGH ENERGY EXPERIMENTAL HALL

TRANSFER LINES SPL to EURISOL

TRANSFER LINE SPL to ISOLDE



MUON PRODUCTION

TARGET

MUON ACCELERATORS

MUON STORAGE

RING

SPL

ACCUMULATOR & COMPRESSOR


CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL BEAMS WITH THE SPS: CNGS BEAMS WITH THE SPS: CNGS

CERN

Gran Sasso

• From SPS: 400 GeV/c• Cycle length: 6 s• Extractions:

– 2 separated by 50ms• Pulse length: 10.5μs• Beam intensity:

– 2x 2.4 · 1013 ppp• mm• Beam performance:

– 4.5· 1019 pot/year

Proton beam characteristics

732 km baseline– From CERN to Gran Sasso (Italy) [Elevation of 5.9°]– Far detectors:

OPERA (1.21 kt), Icarus (600 t)Commissioned 2006Operational since 2007

from E. Gschwendtner


CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (1/4) BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (1/4)from M. Meddahi


CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (2/4) BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (2/4)fromM. Meddahi


CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (3/4) BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (3/4)from M. Meddahi


CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (4/4) BEAMS: SPS with new injectors (4/4)fromM. Meddahi


FACTORY: SPL-based proton driver (1/4)FACTORY: SPL-based proton driver (1/4)

An HP-SPL based 5 GeV – 4 MW proton driver has been designed (HP-SPL + 2 fixed energy rings (accumulator & compressor)

CERN-AB-2008-060 BI

Feasibility Study of Accumulator and Compressor for the 6-bunches SPL based Proton Driver

M. Aiba

R.G. @ ETH Zurich18/11/2008

Table 1: Requirements for the neutrino factory proton driver. Taken from the summary of 3rd ISS [4]. * Maximum bunch spacing ~50/(Nb-1) for the number of bunches Nb >2.

Parameters Values

(basic/range) Unit

Kinetic energy 10 / 5-15 GeV Burst repetition rate 50 / - Hz Number of bunches per burst 4 / 1-6 Bunch spacing 16 / 0.6-16 * μs Total duration of the burst ~50 / 40-60 μs Bunch length 2 / 1-3 ns

from M. Aiba


Compressor[120 ns bunch -V(h=3) = 4 MV]

Target[2 ns bunches –

5 times]


Accumulation Duration = 400 μs

Compression t = 0 μs

t = 12 μs

t = 24 μs

t = 36 μs

etc. until t = 84 μs

Accumulator[120 ns pulses -

95 ns gaps]SPL beam[42 bunches -

33 gaps]



-40 -20 0 20 40-2

-1

0

1

2

x' (

mra

d)

x (mm)

Injection Rotated

-10 -5 0 5 10-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6 Injection Rotated

y' (

mra

d)

y (mm)

-40 -20 0 20 40-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15 Injection Rotated

dE (

GeV

)

RF phase/3 (deg.)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 30

5

10

15

Cou

nts/

bin

(%, b

in=

0.2

deg)

RF phase/3 (deg)

Rotated=1.98 ns

from M. Aiba



SPL for proton driver Output beam Parameters Values Parameters Values

Kinetic beam energy 5 GeV Kinetic beam energy 5 GeV Repetition rate 50 Hz Repetition rate 50 Hz Average current during the burst 40 mA No. of bunches per cycle 6 Beam power 4 MW Bunch length (r.m.s.) ~2 ns Bunch spacing ~12 μs

Transverse emittance (r.m.s., physical) 3 mm-mrad

Accumulator Compressor Parameters Values Parameters Values

Circumference 318.5 m Circumference 314.2 m Transition gamma 6.33 Transition gamma 2.3 RF voltage - RF voltage 4 MV Harmonics number - Harmonic number 3 No. of arc cells 24 No. of arc cells 6 Super periodicity 2 Super periodicity 2 Nominal transverse tune 7.77/ 7.67 Nominal transverse tune 10.79/5.77 No. of turns for accum. 400 No. of turns for comp. 36 Maximum no. of bunches 6 Maximum no. of bunches 3

Main quadrupole Bore radius Field gradient Magnetic length

56 mm 5.5 T/m 1.2 m

Main quadrupole Bore radius Field gradient Magnetic length

148 mm 7.1 T/m 1.9 m

Main bending Full gap Full width Field stength Magnetic length

103 mm 162 mm

1.7 T 1.5 m

Main bending Full gap Full width Field strength Magnetic length

125 mm 379 mm

5.1 T 3 m

from M. Aiba


SUMMARY (1/2)SUMMARY (1/2)There has been significant progress towards future pulsed proton driver(s) in

Europe during CARE.

At RAL: Different options have been studied, A favored upgrade path of ISIS is recommended and starts being implemented,

At CERN: The upgrade of the LHC hadron injectors has been studied, The first stage of implementation is approved and taking place before 2013, The preparation of detailed project proposals for the second stage (mid-2011) is also

approved, An SPL-based proton driver meeting the IDS specifications has been designed. It

could be realized after the maximum SPL potential is obtained in a third stage (~2020).


SUMMARY (2/2)SUMMARY (2/2)

Numerous issues deserve investigation to prepare for multi-MW proton drivers:

Detailed design of the accelerators with prototyping of key components, Charge exchange injection in the synchrotron (Laser stripping?), Stability and feasible emittances in the synchrotron, Collimation, components activation, maintenance…, Potential of FFAGs, Target and target area.


progress towards pulsed multi-mw proton driver(s) in europe

Documents

cern spl

cern initiatives

cern ch summaryr

cern accelerator complexhttp

proton accelerators

future http

neutrino factory studies

high power proton drivers