progress with new zealand technologies: nitrous oxide · progress with new zealand technologies:...

Progress with New Zealand technologies: nitrous oxide

Cecile de Klein and Hong DiAgResearch Lincoln University

NZ Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Conference 28 March 2017

Sources of N2O in NZ agriculture

96 %

New Zealand National Inventory Report 2016

Excreta from grazing animals

Nitrogen fertiliser

dung

urine

Excreta N is recycled N –originates from clover fixation or fertiliser applications

NZ Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Conference 11 May 2017 |

Nitrate Ammonium Urea

Nitrous oxide

leaching

Nitrification inhibitors

0

5

10

15

20

25

< 20 20-40 40-60 60-80 >80

Num

ber o

f stu

dies

% Reduction in N2O loss from urine patch

Nitrification inhibitors reduce N2O emissions from urine patches

~ 50 NZ values

Average reduction: 50%

Di and Cameron (2016); de Klein et al (2011)NZ Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Conference

11 May 2017 |

Plant screening shows difference in N2O emissions from urine patches

11 May 2017 | 5total N2O emission (kg N2O-N ha-1)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Italian ryegrass cv MoataPerennial ryegrass cv Rely

CocksfootPerennial ryegrass cv Halo

Perennial ryegrass cv Aber MagicPlantain

Perennial ryegrass cv RohanPasture mix

BrowntopYorkshire fogForage rape

ChicoryPrairie grass

Italian ryegrass cv TamaWhite clover cv BountyWhite clover cv Weka

Upland bromeBare soil

Bowatte et al. 2017

Same type and amount of urine applied to all plots

Natural nitrification inhibition?


Nitrous oxide

leaching

N uptake

75-90%

N in diet

Reduced urine N

Other plant effects on N2O

Reducing N excretion?

Increasing N uptake by plants?

Enhancing natural nitrification inhibition?

Can we use plant species to reduce N2O emissions by:



Forages for reduced N leaching• Aim: to reduce nitrate leaching losses by 20 %• DairyNZ-led with range of partners• The principal funder is the Ministry of Business, Innovation and

Employment; all partners co-fund the programme

Pastoral 21• Aim: to provide solutions for lifting production and reduced nutrient loss• AgResearch-led with range of partners• Funded through a collaborative venture between DairyNZ, Fonterra, Dairy

Companies Association of New Zealand, Beef + Lamb New Zealand and the Ministry of Business, Innovation and employment

Partner programmes


Reduce N excretion?

Increase N uptake by plants?

Enhance natural nitrification inhibition?

Key findings from the N2O programme



Reduced N excretion – diverse pasture

Di et al.Standard pasture Diverse pasture

Standard pastureTypical loading rate: 700N

Diverse pasture Typical loading rate: 500N

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Tetraploid_Control Tetraploid_U500 Tetraploid_U700 Diverse_Control Diverse_U500 Diverse_U700

Tota

l N2O

-N e

mis

sion

s, k

g N

2O-N

/ha

0.69 % 1.03 %0.84 %1.12 %Emission factors:

Control Urine 500N Urine 700N Control Urine 500N Urine 700NDi et al., 2016

February urine application April urine application June urine application

EF3 (%)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Ryegrass Lucerne Plantain

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8 Plant scorching damage

June 2015

Increased N uptake?– lucerne, plantain

11

Luo et al.

620-700 kg N/ha urine from cows on standard perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture

N uptake (kg N/ha/yr)317 714348

N2O

em

itted

(% o

f N a

pplie

d)

February 2016 April 2016 June 2016


Reduce N excretion?

Increase N uptake by plants?

Enhance natural nitrification inhibition?

Can we use plant species or feeding options to:



Enhancing natural nitrification inhibition – urine composition or root exudates

Balvert et al & Gardiner et al.

Compounds in plants that can affect N2O?- glucosinolate (Brassicas)?- aucubin (Plantain)?

11 May 2017 | 14

Some glucosinolatehydrolysis compounds reduced N2O emissions in lab screening study

Urea on

ly

Pheny

lethy

l ITC

2 prop

enyl I

TC

2 prop

enyl N

4 pen

t-1-yl

ITC

4 pen

tene N

All inhib

itors

% o

f app

lied

N e

mitt

ed a

s N

2O-N

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

a

aa

a

aa

b

Balvert et al.

Natural nitrification inhibition? – glucosinolates(Brassicas)


Natural nitrification inhibition? – Aucubin(Plantain)

11 May 2017 | 15

Field trial (Canterbury): Plantain plant extract or Aucubin added to urine

Aucubin reduced N2O emission factor

Mode of action unclear

0.0 %

1.0 %

2.0 %

3.0 %

4.0 %

Urine Plant Extract Aucubin

Emission Factor

a ab b

Gardiner et al.NZ Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Conference

11 May 2017 |

Kale Urine 300

Treatments

c

EF3=1.1

Natural nitrification inhibition? – fodder beet

11 May 2017 | 16

Di et al.

b0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Fodder beet Urine300

Tota

l N

2O e

mis

sio

(kg

N 2O

-N h

a-1 )

b

EF3=0.85

a

Di et al., 2016

Emissions from fodder beet were lower than from kale –plant effect or urine composition effect?

Fodder beet urine Kale urine


Nitrous oxide

leaching

Nitrification inhibitors Urease inhibitors

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Urine patches measured at 7pm

Deposited 10:40am Deposited 2:40pm

Deposited 6:40pm

timeData

Spikey® - NZ developed ground-based sensor system detects and treats fresh urine patches

Effect of target-application of inhibitors

0

20

40

60

80

100

Urine + Nitrificationinhibitor

+ UreaseinhibitorEm

issi

ons r

elat

ive

to u

rine

(%)

Ammonia volatilisation

0

20

40

60

80

100

Urine + Nitrificationinhibitor

+ Ureaseinhibitor

+ bothEmis

sion

s rel

ativ

e to

urin

e (%

)

Nitrous oxide

Hoogendoorn et al.

Early results promising

Plants can affect N2O emissions:• reduced N excretion (diverse pastures)• increased N uptake? • natural nitrification inhibition (plantain,

fodder beet?) – root exudes and/or urine

Next stage:• better understanding mechanisms• examine delivery pathways• assess impacts at systems level

In summary



FundingNew Zealand Greenhouse Gas Research CentreMinistry for Primary Industries

Partner programmesForage for Reduced N leaching Pastoral 21

Collaborators and contributorsAgResearch: Jiafa Luo, Sheree Balvert, Saman Bowatte, Tony van der

Weerden, Stewart Ledgard, Brendon WeltenLincoln University: Keith Cameron, Andriy Podolyan, Tim Clough,

Camilla Gardiner, Grant Edwards, Rachael BryantDairyNZ: Ina Pinxterhuis, David Chapman, Dawn DalleyLandcare Research: Surinder Saggar, Coby HoogendoornPastoral Robotics: Geoff Bates, Bert Quin

Acknowledgements


progress with new zealand technologies: nitrous oxide · progress with new zealand technologies:...

Documents