project 0: linux & virtual machine dabbling

Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

CS-502, Fall 2007 1

Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling

CS-502, Operating Systems


CS-502, Fall 2007 2

In this project, we will …

• Install our virtual machines and learn how to use them– This is the place you will work during this course!

• Build and install the Linux kernel– With your name on it!

• Follow Linux naming & numbering conventions

• Turn in the project using web-based Turnin


CS-502, Fall 2007 3

In this project, we won’t …

• … try to change anything in the kernel yet• This is for next project

• … try to support more than one machine architecture

• However, 32-bit and 64-bit architectures are different at the kernel level!

• Your virtual machine is not portable from one to the other


CS-502, Fall 2007 4

Installing your Virtual Machine – Options

• Install from DVD using VMware Player or any other VMware product

• Needs 8 gigabytes of disk, 1-2 gigabytes of RAM, fast Pentium CPU (dual core would be very nice!)

• Use VMware Server on csopt4.wpi.edu• Needs VMware client on your PC

• GUI interface to virtual machine

• Use Parallels on Macintosh (or other)• See instructor


CS-502, Fall 2007 5

Installing from DVD

• See instructions on-line• .doc, .html

• Download and install VMware Player• Or other VMware product

• Unzip your virtual machine to new directory

• …


CS-502, Fall 2007 6

Installing from DVD (continued)

• Choose type of networking• Bridged vs. NAT (Network Address Translation)

• Start your virtual machine• Fix up MAC address for network• Boot OpenSUSE 10.2• Login is as student, password = CS-502

• Open YaST, the SUSE administration tool• Fix and test networking• Create new user identity for yourself• Log out, log in as new identity, delete student


CS-502, Fall 2007 7

Using VMware Server on csopt4

• See instructions• .doc, .html

• Get CS Department user ID and password• Download and install VMware client• Log onto csopt4, make new directory on /xtra_space drive

• Unzip the following file to your new directory– /xtra_space/CS-502/CS-502_Fall-07_x86_64.zip

• …


CS-502, Fall 2007 8

Using VMware Server on csopt4 (continued)

• Start VMware client, log into csopt4

• Browse to and open your virtual machine• Rename it to something unique (your user ID)

• Set permissions

• Start your virtual machine

• Follow instructions for distributed version– Networking, user identity, etc.


CS-502, Fall 2007 9

Setting OpenSUSE Linux 10.2 on Parallels

• See instructor

• Will install OpenSUSE Linux 10.2 directly to disk partition– Be sure to get on-line updates

• Best to create a separate partition for /home directory

• Need to move /usr/src to /home/src– Create link /usr/src /home/src


CS-502, Fall 2007 10

Questions?


CS-502, Fall 2007 11

To get started with kernel

• Find kernel sources in /usr/src, i.e., a link to /home/src

linux-2.6.18.2-34linux-2.6.18.8-0.5

• Clone kernel source tree by linked copy: –– In a terminal window, docp –al /usr/src/linux-2.6.18.8-0.5 kernelSrc

– Creates a linked copy of original tree in new directory called kernelSrc


CS-502, Fall 2007 12

Digression on Unix/Linux Hard Links

• Directory entries point directly to files• Two entries may point to same file!

• Same or different directories• Same or different name• Permissions attached to file, not directory• Called hard links (as opposed to symbolic links)

• Modifications to file seen via all hard links

• mv and rm commands change directories, not files!• File goes away when all directory entries (i.e., hard

links) to that file are deleted.


CS-502, Fall 2007 13

Cloned Source Tree

• All directories are copied

• All directory entries in copy are hard-linked back to files in original source tree

• I.e., only one copy of each file exists

• To modify a file:–• Unlink it (via mv or rm)

• Replace it with modified copy in your directory

• Original is preserved intact in original directory


CS-502, Fall 2007 14

To Modify a File

• mv file.c file.c~

• Edit file.c~ in your favorite editor• Save as file.c• (Eventually) delete file.c~

• EMACS and patch do this automatically

• Most other editors require you to do it manually


CS-502, Fall 2007 15

To Build Linux Kernel

• Make configuration step– As ordinary user

• Build kernel files and modules– As ordinary user

• Install modules, boot file, etc.– Need root privileges


CS-502, Fall 2007 16

To Build Linux Kernel (continued)

• Always build to a separate destination treemkdir ~/kernelDstmake O=~/kernelDst …

• Reason– Making the configuration generates a lot of

include files and other sources– If you don’t specify a destination, it fills up

your source tree– Your patch files grow to > 1 megabyte!


CS-502, Fall 2007 17

Make configuration

• In a command shell– cd kernelSrc

• Do one of:–– make O=~/kernelDst config

• Very long and tedious– make O=~/kernelDst menuconfig

• Still somewhat long and tedious; also hokey– make O=~/kernelDst xconfig

• Nice; a GUI with very small print– make O=~/kernelDst gconfig

• Really nice; a better GUI; highly recommended


CS-502, Fall 2007 18

Make configuration (continued)

• Edit “General Setup” to name your “Local version”

• No other edits necessary for this project.• Save and quit

• If need to rebuild, use•make O=~/kernelDst oldconfig

to reuse same configuration


CS-502, Fall 2007 19

To Build Kernel

• In a terminal window (i.e., a shell), do: – – cd kernelSrc– make O=~/kernelDst

• Takes• 20 minutes on dual-core 2.4 GHz Pentium, 2 GByte

• 40 minutes on csopt4 (last year)

• Almost two hours on 3 gigahertz Pentium, 1 GByte

• Rebuilds after small edits are much faster

• Changing .h files can cause longer rebuilds


CS-502, Fall 2007 20

One little glitch …

• File include2/asm/asm-offsets.h not generated by make config

• Build crashes within about 2-3 minutes• Link file from

• ~/kernelDst/include/asm-i386/ or• ~/kernelDst/include/asm-x86_64

to• ~kernelDst/include2/asm

• Run make O=~/kernelDst again• Without trying to remake the config• Build “should” complete without further errors


CS-502, Fall 2007 21

For Project Submission

• Redirect build output to a file

• Submit that file (this project only)

• Note that there are lots of warnings in the Linux kernel

• Not your problem!


CS-502, Fall 2007 22

To Build Kernel on a Dual Processor

• Generally faster to do – cd kernelSrc– make –j2 O=~/kernelDst

• Sometimes, this is even faster– make –j4 O=~/kernelDst

• SUSE advice– 2 number of processors


CS-502, Fall 2007 23

To Install Kernel

• Requires root privileges– sudo make modules_install install

– Note order of arguments!

• Puts kernel, initrd file, symbols in /boot– Changes links for vmlinuz, initrd

• Adds entries to /boot/grub/menu.lst– So your kernel shows up on boot screen– So you can select which kernel to boot


CS-502, Fall 2007 24

Running Your Kernel

• Restart your virtual machine

• Click in boot window

• Use arrow keys to select desired kernel or system

• To determine which kernel is running:–– uname -a


CS-502, Fall 2007 25

Submitting your Project

• From within your virtual machine, visit– http://turnin.cs.wpi.edu:8088/servlets/turnin.ss

• Log in

• Submit output of your build as Project 0

• This is to test the ability to submit projects from the virtual machine!

http://turnin.cs.wpi.edu:8088/servlets/turnin.ss


CS-502, Fall 2007 26

Questions?

project 0: linux & virtual machine dabbling

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