Project 1: Introduction to HTML 1

Chapter 1

Introduction to HTML

Project 1: Introduction to HTML 2

Project Objectives

• Describe the Internet and its associated key terms• Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key

terms• Identify the types and purposes of Web sites• Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose

Project 1: Introduction to HTML 3

Project Objectives

• Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the standards used for Web development

• Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets in Web development

• Define Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML

• Define Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML

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Project Objectives

• Describe tools used to create HTML documents• Discuss the five phases of the Web development

life cycle• Describe Web site design and the purpose of

each Web site structure• Describe the importance of testing throughout the

Web development life cycle

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What Is the Internet?

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that links millions of computers used by businesses, the government, educational institutions, organizations, and individuals using modems, telephone lines, television cables, and other communications devices and media

• A network is a group of two or more computers that are connected together to share resources and information

• The Internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines that connect major computer systems located around the world

• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that has a permanent connection to the Internet backbone

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What Is the Internet?

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What Is the World Wide Web?

• The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is the part of the Internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked documents

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules for exchanging text, graphics, sound, and other multimedia files

• Web pages are pages of information on the Web• A Web site is a related collection of Web pages• A home page is the first document users see when they

access a Web siteMore on Web

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What Is the World Wide Web?

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Web Servers

• Web pages are stored on a Web server, or host, which is a computer that stores and sends (serves) requested Web pages and other files

• Publishing is copying Web pages and other files to a Web server– After the page is published available for viewing by

anyone in the world on the Web

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Web Site Types and Purposes

• Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet

More on Web

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Web Browsers

• A Web browser, also called a browser, is a program that interprets and displays Web pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web page– Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox

• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a document or other file accessible on the Internet– http://www.scsite.com/html4e/index.htm

• A hyperlink, also called a link, is an element used to connect one Web page to another

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Web BrowsersMenu barwith links

URL inAddress bar

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What Is Hypertext Markup Language?

• Web pages are created using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which is the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web

• HTML uses a set of special instructions called tags or markup to define the structure and layout of a Web document and specify how the page is displayed in a browser

• HTML is platform independent, meaning you can create, or code, an HTML file on one type of computer and then use a browser on another type of computer to view that file as a Web page

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DOCTYPE tag

Start HTML tag

Strong start tag

Paragraph start tag

Horizontal rule tag

End </html> tagindicates end of

HTML file

Bold (strong) text

Horizontal rule

Paragraph break

Paragraph text

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HTML Elements

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HTML Coding Practices

• Separate sections of HTML code with spaces– Gives an immediate view of the sections of code

that relate to one another– HTML browsers ignore spaces

• Spaces inserted within code will not appear on the Web page

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Blank lines willnot be displayed

in browser

Section of code for table

Start paragraph

End paragraph

Section of code for bulleted list

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HTML Versions

• HTML has gone through several versions, each of which expands the capabilities of HTML

• The most recent version of HTML is HTML 4.01• Most browsers still support previous HTML

versions 3.2 and 2.0• W3C maintains HTML standards or specifications

More on Web

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Cascading Style Sheets

• With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), you write code that allows you to control an element within a single Web page or throughout the entire Web site– Recommended for large Web sites– Example changing a headline style in a Web site

containing hundreds of pages easier to do using CSS instead of recoding individual headline links

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Cascading Style Sheets

h1,h2,h3{font-family: "lucida calligraphy", arial, 'sans serif'; }

p,table,li,{font-family: "lucida calligraphy", arial, 'sans serif'; margin-left: 10pt;}

Body{background-color:#fffaf0;}

p,li,th,td{font-size: 75%;}

h1,h2,h3,hr {color:#483d8b;}

table {border-style:outset}li {list-style: square;)

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Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

• Dynamic HTML (DHTML) describes a combination of HTML tags, CSS, and a scripting language such as JavaScript

• DHTML allows users to create interactive, animated Web pages

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Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that uses tags to describe the structure and content of a document, not the format– Common data format used to transmit data across

the internet• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (

XHTML) is a reformulation of HTML so it conforms to Extensible Markup Language (XML) rules

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Extensible Markup Language<?xml version="1.0" ?> - <productlist>

- <product>  <code>978-979-53-00</code>   <name>Waterford Crystal Business Card Holder</name>   <price>59.00</price>   <category>Waterford</category>   <image>529.gif</image>   <rating>3</rating>   </product>- <product>  <code>0911</code>   <name>Belleek Colleen Vase</name>   <price>34.00</price>   <category>Belleek</category>   <image>566.gif</image>   <rating>2</rating>   </product>- <product>  <code>0090</code>   <name>Cashill Clock by Belleek</name>   <price>110.00</price>   <category>Belleek</category>   <image>555.gif</image>   <rating>4</rating>   </product>

  </productlist>

More on Web

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Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

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Tools for Creating HTML Documents

• A text editor is a program that allows a user to enter, change, save, and print text, such as HTML

• An HTML editor is a program that provides basic text-editing functions, as well as more advanced features, such as color-coding for various HTML tags, menus to insert HTML tags, and spell checkers

• An HTML object editor, such as Adobe GoLive, provides the additional functionality of an outline editor that allows you to expand and collapse HTML objects and properties, edit parameters, and view graphics attached to the expanded objects

• A WYSIWYG editor is a program that provides a graphical user interface that allows a developer to preview the Web page during its development

More on Web

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Tools for Creating HTML Documents

End italics tag

Text will be displayed in italics

on Web page

Start italics tag

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Web Development Life Cycle

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Web Development Life Cycle

Chapter 1: Introduction to HTML 28

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Web Site Design and Development

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Web Site Design and Development

• A linear Web site structure connects Web pages in a straight line

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Web Site Design and Development

• A hierarchical Web site structure connects Web pages in a tree-like structure

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Web Site Design and Development

• A webbed Web site structure has no set organization

More on Web

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Web Site Design and Development

• A broad Web site is one in which the home page is the main index page, and all other Web pages are linked individually to the home page

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Web Site Design and Development

• A deep Web site is one that has many levels of pages, requiring the user to click many times to reach a particular Web page

More on Web

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Web Site Testing(basic steps testing content and functionality)

• Proofreading content and page titles for spelling• Checking links are not broken • Checking graphics appear properly• Ensure accessibility, internationalization

addressed• Testing forms and other interactive elements • Testing pages make sure they load quickly• Printing each page see how they look• Review HTML code to meet W3C standards

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Web Site Testing

• Usability is the measure of how well a product, such as a Web site, allows a user to accomplish his or her goals

• Usability testing is a method by which users of a Web site or other product are asked to perform certain tasks in an effort to measure the product’s ease-of-use and the user’s perception of the experience

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Web Site Testing

More on Web

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Project Summary

• Describe the Internet and its associated key terms• Describe the World Wide Web and its associated key

terms• Identify the types and purposes of Web sites• Discuss Web browsers and identify their purpose

Project 1: Introduction to HTML 39

Project Summary

• Define Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the standards used for Web development

• Discuss the use of Cascading Style Sheets in Web development

• Define Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML

• Define Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and describe its relationship to HTML

Project 1: Introduction to HTML 40

Project Summary

• Describe tools used to create HTML documents• Discuss the five phases of the Web development

life cycle• Describe Web site design and the purpose of each

Web site structure• Describe the importance of testing throughout the

Web development life cycle

Project 1: Introduction to HTML 41

Chapter 1 Complete

Introduction to HTML