Possible Modes of Establishing Nuclear Security Technical

and Scientific Support in Member States Intending to

Launch or Expand Nuclear Power Programs

25-29 Oct. 2010, Tokyo, Japan

Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad KhaliqKhaliqKhaliqKhaliqProject Director Project Director Project Director Project Director

Nuclear Security Action Plan Project

Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

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Contents

� Background

� Enhanced Nuclear Security Regime

� Concept of a TSO

� Nuclear Security TSO in Pakistan-an example

� TSOs for ‘NEWBUILDS’ & ‘EXPANSIONISTS’

� Conclusion

Background

� CPPNM-1980 with a narrow scope - applies to

nuclear material used for peaceful purposes

while in international nuclear transport.

� Does not apply to nuclear materials used for

military purposes or to those used for peaceful

purposes but not in international transport

� Does not apply to nuclear facilities

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Background

� INFCIRC/225 Rev-4 to cover the gaps of CPPNM, the

scope of this document was enhanced in 1998.

� The recommendations contained in INFCIRC/225 are

intended to apply to the physical protection of

nuclear material in use, storage and transport,

whether domestic or international and whether

peaceful or military.

� Also contain provisions to the sabotage of nuclear

facilities and nuclear materials

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A Robust Nuclear Security Infrastructure

A robust nuclear security infrastructure comprises ofeffective ability to prevent and detect and respond to:

� theft,

� sabotage,

� unauthorized access,

� illegal transfer or

� other malicious acts

involving nuclear material, other radioactivesubstances or their associated facilities

Enhanced Nuclear Security Regime

� UN Security Council Resolutions:

• Resolution 1373 (28 September 2001)calls on MemberStates to work together urgently to prevent and suppressterrorist acts including through increased cooperation andfull implementation of the relevant internationalinstruments relating to terrorism.

• Resolution 1540 (28 April 2004):Affirms thatproliferation of nuclear, chemical and biologicalweapons as well as their means of deliveryconstitutes a threat to international peace andsecurity and it is necessary to initiate appropriateand effective actions against any threat tointernational peace and security

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Enhanced Nuclear Security Regime (cont…)

� International Conventions� Revised CPPNM

• The Convention on Physical Protection of NuclearMaterials (and Facilities)-CPPNMand its amendment,are aimed to establish and maintain world-wideeffective physical protection of nuclear material usedfor peaceful purposes (while in use, storage andtransport) and of nuclear facilities used for peacefulpurposes.

• Article 2A of the CPPNMaims to establish, implementand maintain an appropriate physical protection regimeapplicable to nuclear material and nuclear facilitiesunder the jurisdiction of States.

• While implementing the amended CPPNMStates shallapply 12 Fundamental Principles of Physical Protection

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Fundamental Principles of Physical Protection

A: Responsibility of the StateB: Responsibilities During International TransportC: Legislative and Regulatory FrameworkD: Competent AuthorityE: Responsibility of the License HoldersF: Security CultureG:ThreatH:Graded ApproachI: Defense in DepthJ:Quality AssuranceK:Contingency PlansL:Confidentiality

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Enhanced Nuclear Security Regime (Cont….)

• The International Convention on Suppression ofacts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005) deals withnuclear material & other radioactive substances,also the devices (IND, RDD) and acts intended topose a state of terror in the general public.

• Article-8: For the purpose of preventing offencesunder this convention, State Parties shall makeevery effort to adopt appropriate measures toensure the protection of radioactive material takinginto account relevant recommendations andfunctions of the IAEA

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Enhanced Nuclear Security Regime (Cont…..)

� IAEA Documents:• Revised INFCIRC/225• a set of recommendations for the physical

protection of nuclear material in use, storage andtransport whether domestic or international forpeaceful purposes. Contains the requirements forrecovery of stolen material and mitigation ofsabotage consequences.

� CoC on Safety and Security of RadioactiveSources and supplementary guidance on theImport and Export of Radioactive Sources

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Concept of a TSO

�Technical and scientific support organizations (TSOs)support national regulatory bodies and the nuclearindustry by providing the expertise necessary to makeoptimum safety and security decisions. TSOs may be:� National

• A building block of a regulatory body• A separate organization

� Regional• Countries having modest nuclear or radiation

activities may share resources to join andestablish Regional TSOs

� Virtual• Dedicated team of experts without any one

Central Location12

� IAEA can help Member State todevelop its own Roadmap for asustainable infrastructure innuclear security

� Example of IAEA helping Pakistan

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TSOs in Pakistan

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Nuclear Safety TSO

Nuclear Security TSO

Center for Nuclear Safety

(CNS)

National Nuclear Security

Support Centre

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Nuclear Safety TSO

The Centre for Nuclear Safety (CNS) established inJune 2005 as a Technical Support Organization (TSO):�To provide technical support in safety review and

licensing decision making to different directoratesof PNRA in relationship with safety issues of NPPs

�To perform independent audit calculations andconduct safety research and development work indifferent areas of safety analysis

Detail is in the Poster Presentation

Nuclear Security TSO in Pakistan -An Example

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NSTC

Radiation Detection

Equipment Lab

Physical Protection

LabsComputer Labs

Advanced Technologies

Equipment Repair & Main. Lab

Interior Labs

ExteriorLab

National Nuclear Security Support Center

Example of IAEA help to Pakistan

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Nuclear Security Action Plan (NSAP)

Focus Areas of NSAP:• Management of High Activity Radioactive Sources,

evaluation of vulnerable facilities and supporting the efforts to upgrade security measures

• Establishment of Nuclear Security Training Centre

• Nuclear Security Emergency Co-ordination Centre (NuSECC)

• Locating and Securing Orphan Radioactive Sources•

• Provision of radiation detection equipment at certa in entry/exit points

• Ensure physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities

� Give expert opinion on detectionanalysis, radiation doses, protectiontechniques, etc

� Preventive maintenance of theequipment and troubleshootingtechniques for the best use ofradiation detection equipment

� Assist the stakeholders to procure,test and deploy the best radiationdetection equipment.

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Functions of Nuclear Security TSO -Pakistan

� Provide expert support on detection of nuclearand other radioactive materials, identification ofradioisotopes, response to nuclear securityincidents, etc.

� Provide trainings to stakeholders on specificnuclear security areas

� Serve as a focal point for sustainable andcontinued access to knowledge, skills andabilities of individuals to contribute productivelyto the comprehensive nuclear security regime.

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Functions of Nuclear Security TSO -Pakistan cont…..

Nuclear Security TSOs for ‘NEWBUILDS’ & ‘EXPANSIONISTS’

� Regulatory Body should beresponsible for the oversight of notonly safety but also the security

� Regulatory Body should developcoordination with relevantorganizations in the country

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� The Regulatory Body should develop aNational Resource Center for training of ownstaff, utility and related organizations anddevelop a link with IAEA for free flow ofinformation and know -how

� The Four-Quadrant Formula and IAEANuclear Safety & Security Standards canprovide the basis for the proposed ResourceCenter

� Security considerations must be consideredfrom the stage of site evaluation onwards

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Nuclear Security TSOs for ‘NEWBUILDS’ & ‘EXPANSIONISTS’

� The organizations involved in theimplementation of nuclear security regimesshould give due consideration and priorityto the security culture, its development andmaintenance

� The nuclear security regimes are heavilydependent on the quality managementsystem aiming to promote confidence thatspecified requirements for all activitiesimportant to nuclear security are satisfied

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Nuclear Security TSOs for ‘NEWBUILDS’ & ‘EXPANSIONISTS’

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Conclusion

� There is growing need to establishnuclear security TSOs.

� These TSOs may be within theregulatory body or separateorganization

� provision of technical support servicesin nuclear security is important to solvethe specific problems of the individualsand organizations.

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