project managers in practice solving wicked problems
TRANSCRIPT
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A.J. RODENBURG
PROJECT MANAGEMENTUNCERTAINTY, WICKED PROBLEMS
AND DECISION MAKING
PROJECT MANAGERS IN PRACTICE SOLVING WICKED
PROBLEMS
28/08/18
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Introduction
Part 1: Background• Problem statement • Research questions
Part 2: Theories• Project management• Wicked problem• Decision-making• Methodology
Part 3: Practices• Case study
Part 4: Synthesis• Cross-case analysis
Conclusion
Table of contents
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Statement
Introduction
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Background
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Problem statement
‘’It is unknown which kind of decision-making process is used by project managers in practice to solve a wicked problem.’’
Goal of researchInvestigate how project managers in practice solve wicked problems
Problem statement
Wicked problem Project manager decision-making
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Research sub-questions:
1. What is project management?2. What is a wicked problem?3. Howcandecisionmakingbedefined?4. What are the perspectives on the problem formulation?5. Which of the decision-making processes are used by project managers?6. How can wicked problems be solved?
Research main-question:
‘’How do project managers solve wicked problems in construction projects?’’
Research questions
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Theories
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8(Koppenjan, Veeneman, van der Voort, ten Heuvelhof, & Leijten, 2011).
What is project management?
Project management
Predictable
Approaches and tools
Unpredictable
Uncertainty
Decision-making
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Type of problems (Hoppe, 1989)
Definition wicked problem
1. There is a lack of information: a. There are multiple problem formulations which are contradictory; b. It is unclear if the solution directions of the problem are feasible on the aspects time, budget and quality.
2. Stakeholders have contradictory incentives. With an important incentive of the client, namely: daily business influencednegatively.
What is a wicked problem?
Certainty on (scientific) knowledge
Large Little
(Societal) agreement on problem formulation
Large Technical problems Untamed techincal pro-blems
Little Political problems Wicked problems
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Rational decision model (Black & Porter, 2000)
Design thinking (Brown, 2009)
Fast and slow thinking (Kahneman, 2011)
Decision-makingStep 1
Identify Decision Situations- Problems- Opportunities
Step 2Develop Objective and Criteria-SpecificCriteria- Relative Weightings
Step 4Analyse Alternatvies- Minimally Acceptable Results- Feasibility- Best Results
Step 3Generate Alternatives- Past Solutions- Creative New Solutions
Step 5Select Alternatvie
Step 6Implement Decision- Sources and Reasons for Resistance- Chronology and Sequence of Actions- Required Resources- Deligation of Tasks
Step 7Monitor and Evaluate Results
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Design thinking
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Fast thinking (system 1)
Slow thinking (system 2)
Interaction
Conflict
Fast and slow thinking
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Methodology
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Practices
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Case 1 Stibbe
Office
Two projects
Descending contract
Coordination
Schedule issue
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Case 2 Holland Casino Amsterdam West
Leisure
Holland Casino tenant
DYDL building owner
Arguing and claims
Installations issue
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Case 3 SushiSamba
Retail
Employee training
Latenotification
Schedule issue
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Synthesis
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Wicked problem
Three problem formulations
Contradictory
Influencingtime
Cross-case analysis
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Decision-making by project manager
Executing steps
Identifying the problem
Choosing the solution
Cross-case analysis
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Solution of the wicked problem
Alternative solutions
Not all solutions are taken into account
Cross-case analysis
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‘’How do project managers solve wicked problems in construction projects?’’
Rational decision making
Lack of information
Influenced process
Design thinking
Fast and slow thinking
Process
Solution
Conclusion
Step 1Identify Decision Situations- Problems- Opportunities
Step 2Develop Objective and Criteria-SpecificCriteria- Relative Weightings
Step 4Analyse Alternatvies- Minimally Acceptable Results- Feasibility- Best Results
Step 3Generate Alternatives- Past Solutions- Creative New Solutions
Step 5Select Alternatvie
Step 6Implement Decision- Sources and Reasons for Resistance- Chronology and Sequence of Actions- Required Resources- Deligation of Tasks
Step 7Monitor and Evaluate Results
InformationStakeholderincentives
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Lowered norm
Problem and solution
Collaboration
Additional findings
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Black, J. S., & Porter, L. W. (2000). Management: Meeting new challenges. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Brown, T. (2009). Change by Design: How design thinking transforms organisations and inspires innovation. New York: Harper Collins.
Hoppe, R. (1989). Het beleidsprobleem geproblematiseerd; over beleid ontwerpen en probleemvorming. Muiderberg: Coutinho.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar,
Straus and Giroux.
Koppenjan, J., Veeneman, W., van der Voort, H., ten Heuvelhof, E., & Leijten, M. (2011). Competing management approaches in large engineering projects: The Dutch RandstadRail project. International Journal of Project Management, 29, 740-750.
References