PROJECT ON MUMBAI POLICE

GROUP MEMBERS

MUMBAI POLICE

History

During the 16th century up to 1655, the area of present day Mumbai was under Portuguese control. The Portuguese established a basic law enforcement structure in this area, with the establishment of a Police out-post in 1661.

In 1669 East India Company was given Bombay Island from King Charles II. who had acquired it when marrying a Portuguese princess a few years before. The origins of the present day Mumbai police can be traced back to a militia organized by Gerald Aungier, the then Governor of Mumbai in 1669. This Bhandari Militia was composed of around 500 men and was head quartered at Mahim, Sewree and Sion. In 1672, the judicial overview of police decisions by courts was introduced, although none of the judges had any actual legal training. The situation remained unchanged through the Maratha wars.]However, by 1682, policing remained stagnant - there was only one ensign for the whole Bhandari militia, and there were only three sergeants and two corporals.

In 1793, Act XXXIII, Geo. III was promulgated. The post of Deputy of Police was abolished and a post of Superintendent of Police was created in its place, with a Deputy of Superintendent of Police assisting him. Mr. Simon Halliday was the first Superintendent of Police, and governed till 1808. During this time, a thorough revision and re-arrangement of policing in the area outside the Fort was carried out. The troublesome area known as "Dungree and the Woods" was split up into 14 Police divisions, each division being staffed by two English constables and a varying number of Peons (not exceeding 130 for the whole area), who were to be stationary in their respective charges and responsible for dealing with all illegal acts committed within their limits.

The Mumbai Police (Marathi) (also known as Brihanmumbai Police) is the police force of the city of Mumbai, India. It has the primary responsibilities of law enforcement and investigation within the limits of Mumbai.

The department's motto is "Sadrakṣaṇāya Khalanigrahaṇāya" (Sanskrit: सद्रक्षणा�य खलनिग्रहणा�य, "To protect the good and to punish the evil"). Although considered one of the best police forces in the world for solving high profile, high stakes crimes, Mumbai police is also thought to be influenced by local politicians

Mumbai Police Headquarters in a heritage Gothic-style building.

After the cementing of English Rule in India after the 1857 Mutiny, in 1864, the three Presidency towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were given Commissioners of Police. On 14 December 1864, Sir Frank Souter was appointed the first Police Commissioner of Bombay. He remained in office for 24 years, till July 3, 1888. During that year (1864), Khan Bahadur Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Imam became the first Indian appointed to a police officer's post.

In 1896 the Commissioner's office moved to an Anglo-Gothic revival building, which it still occupies to this day. The Police Headquarters building is a protected heritage site.

After 1947

After independence, many changes to the Mumbai Police were instituted. On 15 August 1947, J.S. Bharucha became the first Indian head of the Bombay Police, taking over from the last British Commissioner, Mr. A.E. Caffin.

A dog squad was set up in 1965. Computers were first used by the Bombay police in 1976. A Narcotics Cell and an anti-terrorist special operations squad were created in 1989. In 1995, the control room was computerized, and finally, in 1997, the Mumbai Police went online.

Modernization and present day

Massive modernization of Mumbai Police was done during 2005. New vehicles, guns and electronic equipment were procured for police use. The Tourist Squad was also created to patrol the beaches of Mumbai. On 30 May 2009 the Maharashtra government in Mumbai set up a police station dedicated to tackling cyber crime. It is third such facility in India after Bangalore and Hyderabad. The dedicated police station will now register first information report on its own and investigate the offences pertaining to cyber space. The police station will take care of all cyber cases in the city including that of terror e-mails. The existing Cyber Crime Investigation Cell of the city police probes cyber offences, but the FIRs are registered in local police stations depending on the site of the offence. A specially trained team of over 25 policemen, headed by an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP), has been selected for the new job. The facility will function under the supervision of Deputy Commissioner of Police (Preventive) and Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime).

Organization

The Mumbai Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an IPS officer. The Mumbai Police comes under the state Home Ministry. The city is divided into eleven police zones and Twenty Five traffic police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police.

Rank structure of the Mumbai PoliceRank AbbreviationStrength Notes

Commissioner of Police CP 1 Insignia of a Lieutenant-GeneralJoint Commissioner of Police

JCP 5 Insignia of a Major-General

Additional Commissioner of Police

ADL.CP 12 Insignia of a Brigadier

Deputy Commissioner of Police

DCP 38 Insignia of a Colonel

Deputy Commissioner of Police

DCP Insignia of a Lieutenant-Colonel

Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police

ADL.DCP Insignia of a Major

Assistant Commissioner of Police

ACP 124 Insignia of a Captain

Police Inspector PI 977Insignia of a Captain with two red stripes beneath; 89 of them are Senior. I

Assistant Police Inspector

API 756

Police Sub Inspector PSI 2850 Insignia of a SubedarAssistant Sub Inspector ASI 3329 Insignia of a Naib SubedarHead Constable HC 8146 Insignia of a HavildarSenior Police Constable PN 6010 Insignia of a Naik

Police Constable PC 18666No insignia except khaki uniform; Similar to Sepoy

QUALIFICATION

Those who join the police force through the constabulary exam enter the force at the lowest rungs of the force. Their starting rank is that of a Police constable.

Those who join the Police force through the state examination (Maharashtra state Public Service Commission) hold a starting rank of Assistant Sub Inspector of Police.

Those who join the police force through the civil service examination (UPSC) also known as the IPS exam hold a starting rank of Deputy Commissioner of Police less than 10 years of service.

Generally the IPS officers make it to the higher ranks of Joint Commissioner of Police or Commissioner of Police.

The Commissioner of Police for Mumbai also holds the rank of Additional Director General of Police Maharashtra

Subunits

Mumbai Police is divided into the following units:

Crime Branch Cyber Cell Detection Unit (containing the famous Mumbai Encounter Squad) Anti Terrorist Squad Law and Order Traffic Police Administration Social Service Cell Narcotics Cell Wireless Cell Local Armed Police Anti Robbery Squad Anti-Extortion Cell Modus Operandi Bureau Missing Persons Bureau Special Branch Protection & Security Riot Control Police

Economic Offences Wing Juvenile AID Protection Unit Quick Response Team Force One

Each of these units has a commander who officially hold the rank of Joint Commissioner of Police.

Encounter Squad

The Mumbai Encounter Squad is a group within the police force of Mumbai, India. It consists of several high-profile officers from the Detection Unit. The squad primarily deals with members of the Mumbai underworld and other criminal gangs and carries out the elimination of criminals. At one point it was headed by Pradeep Sawant.

The Mumbai police's Crime Branch is controlled by Joint Commissioner of Mumbai Police, and has a force of approximately 1500 officers. The Detection Unit at the Crime Branch is considered most important, as it deals directly with the underworld and terrorists. Fourteen units, including the Crime Intelligence Unit, and the Fingerprint Unit, work with the Detection Unit. The expertise of Detection Unit is used controlling Mumbai underworld and Gang-wars. This is a Tit-For-Tat technique used by the Indian police to kill those criminals who use loopholes in justice system to escape justice. Considered as Men of the Moment : Created by the police around 1997 to deal with the growing extortion demands and threat calls to builders, realtors, businessmen, Bollywood denizens—and also the bloodbath spilling over onto Mumbai streets as a result of inter-gang wars—the encounter policy was heavily dependent on men such as Nayak and Sharma. But they were just two members of the five four/five-man squads created with the blessings of then deputy commissioners of police Satyapal Singh and Parambir Singh, who had the

task of gathering information about the underworld and cutting it to size. The squads soon came to be associated with ‘encounters’, a euphemism for a situation in which a gangster is cornered, asked to surrender, ostensibly attacks the police or tries to escape, and is shot dead in retaliatory action. As the encounters increased, so did the popularity of the ‘encounter specialist’. Daya Nayak, Pradeep Sharma, Ravindra Angre, Praful Bhosale, Raju Pillai, Vijay Salaskar, Shivaji Kolekar, Sachin Waze and Sanjay Kadam became cult figures, mythologized by the media and hero-worshipped by the common man. "In fact, through "Encounters" which are now known as "Police Operations", they and their key men like Police Inspector Daya Nayak and Sachin Waze have wiped out the underworld from Mumbai and neighboring Thane district."

Operations

High profile cases

26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks

Main article: 26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks Anti-Terrorism Squad Chief: Hemant Karkare, Additional Commissioner of Police Ashok

Kamte and Encounter specialist Vijay Salaskar died while operating against Terrorists. In the following year, as a response to these attacks, a specialized counter-terrorism unit, Force One was formed and commissioned on November 24, 2009, two day before the anniversary of 26/11 terror attacks.

ATS:-The Anti-Terrorism Squad is a force of about 30 to 35 police officers in Mumbai, India. The ATS, as they are commonly known, also have branches in different states

Detail List of Mumbai police's Vehicles

C.P.Pool Mumbai Brakeup wise Vehicle Fleet

Sr.No. Vehicle Category wise Total Vehicle Fleet

1 Special Purpose Vehicle 49

2 Big Vehicle 206

3 Light Vehicle 282

4 Jeep Category 906

5 Car Category 155

6 Motor Cycle 1403

Total 3055

throughout the country. In Maharashtra it was headed by senior IPS officer K.P. Raghuvanshi. The Squad has stopped several terrorist attacks in the country.

The then Additional Commissioner of Mumbai Police Aftab Ahmed Khan, popularly known as A.A.Khan, is the founder of ATS He was inspired by Los Angeles Police Department's Special Weapons & Tactics (SWAT) to take control over modern-day terrorism. After its formation in 1990, ATS's officers won 23 gallantry awards. The Antiterrorism Squad was involved in 26 November hostage rescue operations in multiple locations in Mumbai, India, including the 5 star Taj hotel and the Oberoi Trident hotel, but was found to be extremely incompetent in terror attacks of such magnitudeTermination and Reformation

This special unit was formed on December 1990 and helped reduce the crime rate in Mumbai by 70%. However, there were many human rights violations by this organization, from extreme means of torture to public shootings. The most infamous shooting was the 1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout, which occurred at Lokhandwala on November 16, 1991, based on which a 2007 Bollywood movie Shootout at Lokhandwala was made. The organization was terminated in January 1993. The leader of this program, A.A-Khan, was transferred as the ICP Anti Naxalite division to Nagpur on January 29, 1993 following the termination of the program. One month later on March 12, 1993 the Bombay blasts occurred, and the crime rate has increased since then.

FORCE ONE:-The Force One is an elite commando force, which is a specialized counter terrorism unit to guard the Mumbai metropolitan area, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, formed by Government of Maharashtra on the lines of National Security Guards (NSG). It was formed under

Maharashtra Police, as a response to the 26/11, Mumbai terror attacks and was commissioned two days before its first anniversary, on the occasion Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan, also laid the foundation stone of the Force One's headquarters in Mumbai[1]. It was recently announced that one of their primary tasks will be to protect the Maharashtra Legislature as well as several politicians within the state.In wake of the 26/11, Mumbai terror attacks, the Government of Maharashtra decided to form a new, specialized force to tackle terror. It was commissioned on November 24, 2009 on SRPF Ground of suburban Goregaon, Mumbai. Force One headquarters is to be spread over 96 acres (390,000 m2) inside the lush green Aarey Milk Colony at Goregaon in northwest Mumbai, and the first batch has 216 elite commandos. Deputy Inspector-General S. Jagannathan is the Commander of Force One Team, while Chiranjeev Prasad, and is the Commandant of Force One.

Out of 3,000 applications from the state police force who volunteered to be part of the force - many of whom were parts of 26/11 response team - 261 personnel were selected and trained in Pune, apart from the College of Military Engineering and the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

Crime branch:-

Crime Branch Head OfficeAddress: 2Nd Floor, Japo BuldingCrawford MarketMumbai400001Maharashtra.

Phone: 022 - 22671641Fax: N/AWebsite: N/A

Criminal Investigation DepartmentThe Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plain clothes detectives belong. It is thus distinct from the Uniformed Branch and the Special Branch.

The Metropolitan Police Service CID, the first such organization, was set up on 7 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent. Originally, it was under the direct command of the Home Secretary, but since 1888 has been under the authority of the Commissioner.

CID officers are required to have had at least two years as a uniformed officer before applying to transfer to the branch and receive further training when they do so. While training they are referred to as a Trainee Detective Constable (TDC) and after a year's training period they become a fully fledged Detective Constable (DC). CID officers are involved in investigation of major crimes such as rape, murder, serious assault, fraud, and any other offences that require complex detection. They are responsible for acting upon intelligence received and then building a case, from analysis of the initial incident through to arrest and prosecution of any suspects.

In the United Kingdom, smaller police stations usually have more uniformed officers than CID officers, typically five Detective Constables (DC) with a Detective Sergeant (DS) in overall command. In larger stations many DCs, DSs and Detective Inspectors will be present under the overall responsibility of the Detective Chief Inspector.

Aims:The unrelenting investigation of criminalsSecuring convictions for criminalsAftercare of witnessesRanks

Contrary to practice in police forces of many other nations, detectives are not automatically senior to uniformed officers and hold the same ranks. The head of the CID in most police forces is a Detective Chief Superintendent.

These ranks are common to most forces.Detective Constable (DC or Det Con)Detective Sergeant (DS or Det Sgt)Detective Inspector (DI or Det Insp)Detective Chief Inspector (DCI or Det Ch Insp)Detective Superintendent (DSI or Det Supt)Detective Chief Superintendent (DCS or Det Ch Supt)

The prefix 'Woman' in front of female officers' ranks has been obsolete since 1999. Members of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) up to and including the rank of Chief Superintendent prefix their ranks with 'Detective'. Other departments, such as Special Branch and Child Protection, award non-detectives 'Branch Detective' status, allowing them to use the 'Detective' prefix. Detective ranks are abbreviated as DC, DS, DI, etc, and are equivalent in rank to their uniform counterparts.

Special Investigations Branch

Although the British Armed Forces Military Police have an investigations department, it is not called "CID". All three service police forces operate Special Investigation Branches (SIB) which fulfills much the same role as the civilian CID.

The Army Fridge has regular Sections and one Territorial Army Section made up of civilian CID officers and ex-regulars to assist them in major cases

Riot control:-Riot control refers to the measures used by police, military, or other security forces to control, disperse, and arrest civilians who are involved in a riot, demonstration, or protest. Law enforcement officers or soldiers have long used less-lethal weapons such as batons and whips to disperse crowds and detain rioters. Since the 1980s, riot control officers have also used tear gas, pepper spray, plastic bullets, and electric tasters. In some cases, riot squads may also use Long Range Acoustic Devices, water cannons, armored vehicles, police dogs or mounted police on horses. Officers performing riot control typically wear protective equipment such as riot helmets, face visors, body armor (vests, neck protectors, knee pads, etc.), gas masks and riot shields. However, there are also cases where lethal weapons are used to violently suppress a protest or riot, such as the Kent State Massacre and Tiananmen Square Massacre.For protection, officers performing riot control will often wear protective riot squad helmets and carry riot shields. These are designed to protect the wearer from those dangers that come from direct melee and hurled objects such as bottles and bricks. To provide even greater protection, the protective equipment often provides ballistic protection. If tear gas or other riot control agents are to be used, gas masks may also be worn.

One of many additional concerns is to prevent people in the crowd from snatching officers' side arms, which may be stolen or even used against the police. In a very heavy crowd, the officer may not be able to see who is responsible for snatching a weapon, and may not even notice that it has happened. For this reason, riot police may have holsters with positive locking mechanisms or other extra means of retention, if their agencies can afford such tools. However, this can be a trade-off that increases the amount of time needed to draw the sidearm in an emergency.

The initial choice of tactics determines the type of offensive equipment used. The base choice is between lethal (e.g. 12 gauge shotgun) and less-lethal weaponry (e.g. tear gas, pepper spray, plastic bullets, tasters, batons, and other incapacitates). The decision is based on the perceived level of threat and the existing laws; in many countries it is illegal to use lethal force to control riots in all but the most extreme circumstances.

Special riot hand weapons include the wooden or rubber baton; the African sjambok, heavy leather or plastic whip, and the Indian lathi, a 6 to 8-foot (2.4 m) long cane with a blunt metal tip. Vehicle-mounted water cannons may serve to augment personal weapons. Some water cannons let police add dye to mark rioters or tear gas to help disperse the crowds.

In major unrest, police in armored vehicles may be sent in following an initial subduing with firepower. Occasionally, police dogs, fire hoses, or mounted police are deployed. At least in western countries, it is less common to use police dogs in modern riot situations. This is because police dogs can become too vulnerable during riots, as crowds restrict the dogs' mobility and put them at risk of attack from more than one direction at the same time.